Similarity retrieval of iconic image database

The perception of spatial relationships among objects in a picture is one of the important selection criteria to discriminate and retrieve the images in an iconic image database system. The data structure called 2D string, proposed by Chang et al., is adopted to represent symbolic pictures. The 2D string preserves the objects' spatial knowledge embedded in images. Since spatial relationship is a fuzzy concept, the capability of similarity retrieval for the retrieval by subpicture is essential. In this paper, similarity measure based on 2D string longest common subsequence is defined. The algorithm for similarity retrieval is also proposed. Similarity retrieval provides the iconic image database with the distinguishing function different from a conventional database.     

An improved distance-based relevance feedback strategy for image retrieval

Most CBIR (content based image retrieval) systems use relevance feedback as a mechanism to improve retrieval results. NN (nearest neighbor) approaches provide an efficient method to compute relevance scores, by using estimated densities of relevant and non-relevant samples in a particular feature space. In this paper, particularities of the CBIR problem are exploited to propose an improved relevance feedback algorithm based on the NN approach. The resulting method has been tested in a number of different situations and compared to the standard NN approach and other existing relevance feedback mechanisms. Experimental results evidence significant improvements in most cases.     

Bayesian relevance feedback for content-based image retrieval

Despite the efforts to reduce the so-called semantic gap between the user's perception of image similarity and the feature-based representation of images, the interaction with the user remains fundamental to improve performances of content-based image retrieval systems. To this end, relevance feedback mechanisms are adopted to refine image-based queries by asking users to mark the set of images retrieved in a neighbourhood of the query as being relevant or not. In this paper, the Bayesian decision theory is used to estimate the boundary between relevant and non-relevant images. Then, a new query is computed whose neighbourhood is likely to fall in a region of the feature space containing relevant images. The performances of the proposed query shifting method have been compared with those of other relevance feedback mechanisms described in the literature. Reported results show the superiority of the proposed method.     

Content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback using random walks

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback, which is based on the random walker algorithm introduced in the context of interactive image segmentation. The idea is to treat the relevant and non-relevant images labeled by the user at every feedback round as “seed” nodes for the random walker problem. The ranking score for each unlabeled image is computed as the probability that a random walker starting from that image will reach a relevant seed before encountering a non-relevant one. Our method is easy to implement, parameter-free and scales well to large datasets. Extensive experiments on different real datasets with several image similarity measures show the superiority of our method over different recent approaches.     

A powerful relevance feedback mechanism for content-based 3D model retrieval

The technique of relevance feedback has been introduced to content-based 3D model retrieval, however, two essential issues which affect the retrieval performance have not been addressed. In this paper, a novel relevance feedback mechanism is presented, which effectively makes use of strengths of different feature vectors and perfectly solves the problem of small sample and asymmetry. During the retrieval process, the proposed method takes the user’s feedback details as the relevant information of query model, and then dynamically updates two important parameters of each feature vector, narrowing the gap between high-level semantic knowledge and low-level object representation. The experiments, based on the publicly available 3D model database Princeton Shape Benchmark (PSB), show that the proposed approach not only precisely captures the user’s semantic knowledge, but also significantly improves the retrieval performance of 3D model retrieval. Compared with three state-of-the-art query refinement schemes for 3D model retrieval, it provides superior retrieval effectiveness only with a few rounds of relevance feedback based on several standard measures.

Interactive relevance feedback mechanism for image retrieval using rough set

Recently, how to express human perception has become one of the most active research topics in image retrieval. In this paper, we propose a relevance feedback mechanism that can express objectively human perception by using rough set theory in retrieval system. The mechanism makes full use of the inherent advantages of rough set to solve the difficulty that the retrieval system cannot express human perception. In the end, an image retrieval system – “Basestar”, which is based on the technology, is introduced to illustrate the retrieval performance.     

A new region filtering and region weighting approach to relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval

A new region filtering and region weighting method, which filters out unnecessary regions from images and learns region importance from the region size and the spatial location of regions in an image, is proposed based on region representations. It weights the regions optimally and improves the performance of the region-based retrieval system based on relevance feedback. Due to the semantic gap between the low level feature representation and the high level concept in a query image, semantically relevant images may exhibit very different visual characteristics, and may be scattered in several clusters in the feature space. Our main goal is finding semantically related clusters and their weights to reduce this semantic gap. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed region filtering and weighting method in comparison with the area percentage method and region frequency weighted by inverse image frequency method, respectively.     

基于目标区域和相关反馈的图像检索

提出了一种基于目标区域和相关反馈的图像检索方法,首先采用改进的K均值无监督分割方法将图像分割成区域,然后提取每个区域的颜色、位置、形状特征进行相似度计算;最后采用基于支持向量机（SVM）的相关反馈算法提高检索精度。实验结果表明,方法具有良好的检索性能。     

Improved AdaBoost-based image retrieval with relevance feedback via paired feature learning

Boost learning algorithm, such as AdaBoost, has been widely used in a variety of applications in multimedia and computer vision. Relevance feedback-based image retrieval has been formulated as a classification problem with a small number of training samples. Several machine learning techniques have been applied to this problem recently. In this paper, we propose a novel paired feature AdaBoost learning system for relevance feedback-based image retrieval. To facilitate density estimation in our feature learning method, we propose an ID3-like balance tree quantization method to preserve most discriminative information. By using paired feature combination, we map all training samples obtained in the relevance feedback process onto paired feature spaces and employ the AdaBoost algorithm to select a few feature pairs with best discrimination capabilities in the corresponding paired feature spaces. In the AdaBoost algorithm, we employ Bayesian classification to replace the traditional binary weak classifiers to enhance their classification power, thus producing a stronger classifier. Experimental results on content-based image retrieval (CBIR) show superior performance of the proposed system compared to some previous methods.     

一个相关反馈三维模型深度图像检索算法

基于图像的三维模型检索比形状特征和拓扑结构特征具有更易于实现且检索效果好等优点,但现有基于图像的三维模型检索方法存在一些问题,如没有考虑三维深度信息、所提特征不能全部表达三维模型信息且不能实现用户交互操作等。对此提出一种基于深度图像的三维模型相关反馈检索算法:首先提取三维模型深度图像边界方向直方图和Zernike矩特征;然后利用特征距离度量进行三维模型检索,并采用相关反馈技术实现分类器的构造和模型的标注;最后利用调整好的权值分类器进行检索和标注。实验表明,该算法实现了三维模型的相关反馈检索和标注,提高了检索的精确性,并增强了系统的实用性,为进一步进行语义检索打下基础。     

Parallel relevance feedback for 3D model retrieval based on fast weighted-center particle swarm optimization

In this study, we present a parallel approach to relevance feedback based on similarity field modification that simultaneously considers all factors affecting the similarity field for 3D model retrieval. First, we present a novel unified mathematical model which formalizes the problem as an optimization problem with multiple objectives and constraints. Secondly, our approach optimizes all the parameters synchronously by treating all the modification operations of the similarity field equally. Thirdly, we improved the standard particle swarm optimization in two different ways. Finally, we present several experiments that show the advantages of our method over existing serial ones.     

基于内容图像检索中的相关反馈技术研究*

简要介绍了基于内容的图像检索,讨论了相关反馈的基本思想及其交互过程,重点对现有的相关反馈算法进行了分类总结和分析,并展望了今后相关反馈技术的发展趋势。     

Image retrieval model based on weighted visual features determined by relevance feedback

An accurate and rapid method is required to retrieve the overwhelming majority of digital images. To date, image retrieval methods include content-based retrieval and keyword-based retrieval, the former utilizing visual features such as color and brightness, and the latter utilizing keywords that describe the image. However, the effectiveness of these methods in providing the exact images the user wants has been under scrutiny. Hence, many researchers have been working on relevance feedback, a process in which responses from the user are given as feedback during the retrieval session in order to define a user’s need and provide an improved result. Methods that employ relevance feedback, however, do have drawbacks because several pieces of feedback are necessary to produce an appropriate result, and the feedback information cannot be reused. In this paper, a novel retrieval model is proposed, which annotates an image with keywords and modifies the confidence level of the keywords in response to the user’s feedback. In the proposed model, not only the images that have been given feedback, but also other images with visual features similar to the features used to distinguish the positive images are subjected to confidence modification. This allows for modification of a large number of images with relatively little feedback, ultimately leading to faster and more accurate retrieval results. An experiment was performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the result demonstrated a rapid increase in recall and precision using the same amount of feedback.     

Interactive pattern analysis for relevance feedback in multimedia information retrieval

Relevance feedback is a mechanism to interactively learn a users query concept online. It has been extensively used to improve the performance of multimedia information retrieval. In this paper, we present a novel interactive pattern analysis method that reduces relevance feedback to a two-class classification problem and classifies multimedia objects as relevant or irrelevant. To perform interactive pattern analysis, we propose two online pattern classification methods, called interactive random forests (IRF) and adaptive random forests (ARF), that adapt a composite classifier known as random forests for relevance feedback. IRF improves the efficiency of regular random forests (RRF) with a novel two-level resampling technique called biased random sample reduction, while ARF boosts the performance of RRF with two adaptive learning techniques called dynamic feature extraction and adaptive sample selection. During interactive multimedia retrieval, both ARF and IRF run two to three times faster than RRF while achieving comparable precision and recall against the latter. Extensive experiments on a COREL image set (with 31,438 images) demonstrate that our methods (i.e., IRF and RRF) achieve at least a improvement on average precision and recall over the state-of-the-art approaches.     

一种新的基于重排序的相关反馈图像检索方法

提出了一种新的相关反馈方法,该方法引入了R_norm重排序机制。通过计算用户反馈的按个人兴趣排列的期望输出顺序与系统输出图像顺序之间的R_norm值,来调整各个特征的权重,从而指导下一轮的检索。新方法不需标注,减轻了用户的负担,从而避免了用户是否愿意配合的问题,而且实验表明较Rui方法在性能上有很大提高。     

基于模糊区域的CT脑图像检索及关联反馈

基于模糊区域特征的图像检索算法和关联反馈算法是当前图像检索领域的研究热点,由于区域模糊相似度的复杂性,绝大多数关联反馈算法不能应用到基于模糊区域特征的图像检索方法中。为解决这个问题,论文修改了模糊相似度计算方法,并结合经典的基于权重调整的关联反馈算法,提出一种基于模糊区域特征的关联反馈算法。对脑出血CT图像的检索实验结果表明该算法效果较好。     

基于检索结果排序的伪相关反馈

针对传统伪相关反馈（PRF）算法扩展源质量不高使得检索效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于检索结果的排序模型（REM）。首先,该模型从初检结果中选择排名靠前的文档作为伪相关文档集;然后,以用户查询意图与伪相关文档集中各文档的相关度最大化、并且各文档之间相似性最小化作为排序原则,将伪相关文档集中各文档进行重排序;最后,将排序后排名靠前的文档作为扩展源进行二次反馈。实验结果表明,与两种传统伪反馈方法相比,该排序模型能获得与用户查询意图相关的反馈文档,可有效地提高检索效果。