Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu surface acoustic waves in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals

In this paper, we present a study on the existence of Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu piezoelectric surface acoustic waves in a two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystal (zinc oxide, ZnO, and cadmium-sulfide, CdS) using the plane wave expansion method. In the configuration of ZnO (100)/CdS(100) phononic crystal, the calculated results show that this type of surface waves has higher acoustic wave velocities, high electromechanical coupling coefficients, and larger band gap width than those of the Rayleigh surface waves and pseudosurface waves. In addition, we find that the folded modes of the Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu surface waves have higher coupling coefficients.     

声子晶体研究概述

声子晶体是一种新型的声学功能材料,对声子晶体的研究引起了各国研究机构的极大关注。文章介绍了声子晶体的概念及基本特征,阐述了声子晶体禁带机理及声子晶体的各种潜在应用领域,最后对声子晶体的研究发展作了展望。     

Temperature effect on the bandgaps of surface and bulk acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals

In this paper, we analyzed the temperature effect on two-dimensional phononic crystals. Bandgap variations of both of the bulk modes and surface modes due to changing of temperature in an air/quartz band structure from 0 to 50 degrees C were calculated and discussed. The results show that the elastic bandgaps can be enlarged or reduced by adjusting the temperature of the band structure. The temperature effects potentially can be used for fine-tuning of the phononic bandgap frequency.     

Probing thermomechanics at the nanoscale: impulsively excited pseudosurface acoustic waves in hypersonic phononic crystals

High-frequency surface acoustic waves can be generated by ultrafast laser excitation of nanoscale patterned surfaces. Here we study this phenomenon in the hypersonic frequency limit. By modeling the thermomechanics from first-principles, we calculate the system's initial heat-driven impulsive response and follow its time evolution. A scheme is introduced to quantitatively access frequencies and lifetimes of the composite system's excited eigenmodes. A spectral decomposition of the calculated response on the eigemodes of the system reveals asymmetric resonances that result from the coupling between surface and bulk acoustic modes. This finding allows evaluation of impulsively excited pseudosurface acoustic wave frequencies and lifetimes and expands our understanding of the scattering of surface waves in mesoscale metamaterials. The model is successfully benchmarked against time-resolved optical diffraction measurements performed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface phononic crystals, probed using light at extreme ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths.     

弹性支撑条件下一维声子晶体结构振动特性研究

为了开展弹性支撑环境下一维声子晶体结构弯曲波振动特性的研究,采用回传射线矩阵法对其频率响应函数曲线进行计算,并开展相应的参数化研究.通过与有限元法比较可以发现,二者的吻合程度较好,证明该计算方法的正确性.为了进一步分析几何参数与多种条件下弹性刚度对于弹性支撑下一维声子晶体振动特性的影响规律,对不同情况下带隙的起始频率、...     

Design and manufacture of a gradient-index axicon

A gradient-index axicon with its initial focus offset from the back surface was designed with the thin-lens approximation. Two samples were fabricated by means of the time-varying boundary condition diffusion method, which is based on the modified quasi-chemical diffusion model. Intensity profile measurements were taken along the focal region of the axicons. The samples produced extended line foci. From the intensity measurements, the central spot widths and back focal lengths were determined. The peak widths matched theoretical predictions made with the diffraction theory for the samples and showed good agreement with the predicted widths for a pseudo-Bessel beam, showing that the axicon produced a pseudo-diffractionless beam.     

决定二维声子晶体带隙的关键材料参数

从弹性波动方程入手,获得决定二维声子晶体z模态带隙的关键材料参数是散射体对基体的质量密度比和剪切模量比.利用平面波展开法计算带隙结构,研究正方点阵、三角点阵以及不同填充率时材料参数对带隙的影响.发现质量密度比对带隙起决定作用.仅以声阻抗比或波速比的大小不能决定带隙的存在和大小.给出不同点阵形式下产生带隙的材料参数取值范围.给出材料参数-带隙图,对以材料参数设计带隙具有直观的指导作用.     

Design of a cemented, radial gradient-index triplet

We show the possibility of simultaneously eliminating all third-and fifth-order monochromatic aberrations by using an objectiveconsisting of three cemented lenses with radial distribution ofrefractive indices. We present design procedures for removal ofthese aberrations and reduction of residual higher-orderaberrations.     

Design of gradient-index microlenses for stacked planar optics

The refractive-index profiles of planar matrix microlenses that result from the Luneburg lens theory turn out to yield considerable aberrations. The presented modification of the design process enables satisfactory suppression of the focusing errors.     

一维功能梯度材料声子晶体弹性波带隙研究

应用平面波展开法研究了由功能梯度材料周期复合而成的一维声子晶体中存在的弹性波带隙特征,并得到第一阶带隙归一化起始频率、截止频率和宽度随功能梯度材料表面材料常数、指数因子和组分比变化的关系图。并对功能梯度材料声子晶体与常规材料声子晶体帯隙特征进行了比较,结果表明,功能梯度材料声子晶体较常规材料声子晶体在相同范围内能够出现更多阶带隙结构。这些结果为功能梯度材料声子晶体在工程实际中的广泛应用提供了理论依据和指导。     

Boundary element method for band gap calculations of two-dimensional solid phononic crystals

A boundary element method (BEM) is developed to calculate the elastic band gaps of two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals which are composed of square or triangular lattices of solid cylinders in a solid matrix. In a unit cell, the boundary integral equations of the matrix and the scatterer are derived, the former of which involves integrals over the boundary of the scatterer and the periodic boundary of the matrix, while the latter only involves the boundary of the scatterer. Constant boundary elements are adopted to discretize the boundary integral equations. Substituting the periodic boundary conditions and the interface conditions, a linear eigenvalue equation dependent on the Bloch wave vector is derived. Some numerical examples are illustrated to discuss the accuracy, efficiency, convergence and the computing speed of the presented method.     

Laser ablation of silicon using a Bessel-like beam generated by a subwavelength annular aperture structure

Using a femtosecond laser incident to an oxide-metal-oxide film engraved with a subwavelength annular aperture (SAA) structure, we generated a Bessel-like beam to ablate silicon. Experimental results show that the silicon can be ablated with a 0.05 J/cm(2) input ablation threshold at 120 fs pulse duration. We obtained a surface hole possessing a diameter less than 1 μm. Optical performance, including depth-of-focus and focal spot of the SAA structure, were simulated using finite-different time-domain calculations. We found that a far-field laser beam propagating through a SAA structure possesses a submicrometer focal spot and high focus intensity. Our method can be easily adopted for surface machining in microfabrication applications.     

Design of optical path for wide-angle gradient-index antireflection coatings

What we believe to be a new principle is introduced for the design and selection of gradient-index antireflection profiles that are effective over a wide range of incident angles as well as wavelengths at a given physical film thickness. It is shown that at oblique incidence the smoothness of the optical path of incident light inside a gradient-index film has a crucial effect on the overall reflection. Thus the smoothness of variations in refractive angle (rather than that of the index profile itself) needs to be maximized for wide-angle operation. As an example, the performance of Gaussian and Quintic profiles at large incident angles are considered in light of this point of view.     

Mode-selective acoustic spectroscopy of trigonal piezoelectric crystals

A noncontacting electromagnetic-acousticresonance technique is presented for generating and detecting vibrational modes with prescribed symmetries in piezoelectric trigonal crystals with cylindrical geometry. This technique provides the experimental basis for determining all elastic constants from a single specimen, while overcoming difficulties in mode identification that can occur in traditional resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy. Narrow-band tone-burst excitation and piezoelectric coupling are employed with various geometrical configurations of electrodes near the surface of a quartz specimen. The geometries of the specimen and plates include all of the symmetry elements of the crystallographic point group, which enable selection of the irreducible representation of excited vibrational modes simply by switching electrical leads to the electrodes.     

Characterization of 4H semi-insulating silicon carbide single crystals using electron beam induced current

In this work we demonstrate the electron beam induced current (EBIC) contrast of dislocations in semi-insulating (SI) bulk SiC single crystals. Our investigations revealed that the screw dislocations produce dark EBIC contrast indicating high leakage current in the defective regions. This type of screw dislocations are harmful for high resolution radiation detectors and should be eliminated by improving the crystal qualities. Chemical etching in molten KOH was used for dislocation mapping in the test structures and to correlate EBIC contrast with dislocations. The EBIC contrast found in our study in SI SiC is discussed.