Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,dose-finding trial

Food Science and Biotechnology - Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 is a strain isolated from human breast milk. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and preliminary...     

Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats

The effects of milk and nonfermented milks produced from Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and total bile acids and fecal steroids and microflora were estimated in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets. Lactobacilli decreased and coliforms increased in feces of the control group; however, the concentrations of fecal lactobacilli remained unchanged when rats were fed nonfermented milks. Fecal coliforms in rats receiving milk and nonfermented milk produced from L. gasseri SBT0270 increased, while rats receiving nonfermented milk produced from L. gasseri SBT0274 had lower fecal coliform count than did the control group. Only NFM-A significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and bile acids. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly decreased when rats were given milk and nonfermented milks. Milk and NFM-A lowered serum triglycerides levels. Milk and nonfermented milks did not affect the total neutral steroids, but higher levels of acidic steroid were detected in the feces than the control group. The results showed that the hypocholesterolemic effect of L. gasseri SBT0270 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of acidic steroids in feces of hypercholesterolemic rats.     

Viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and its cholesterol-binding and antimutagenic activities during subsequent refrigerated storage in nonfermented milk

The effect storage at 4 degrees C on the viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and its sodium taurocholate-deconjugating and cholesterol-binding abilities as well as desmutagenic activity was investigated. Unfermented milks containing L. gasseri strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 at 10(9) cfu/ml were prepared using 10% skim milk. Total and bile-tolerant lactobacilli for strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 generally decreased after 14 d of storage at 4 degrees C; however, viable cells of these strains were still at 10(8) cfu/ml after 28 d of storage. The amounts of cholic acid released and of cholesterol bound by strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 declined over time, especially at 21 d of storage. Antimutagenic activity of unfermented milk made from both strains was attributed to the bacterial cells, and the activity was stable during storage at 4 degrees C for 28 d.     

新疆喀什地区维吾尔族群体不同哺乳期母乳中乳杆菌的种群多样性

采用改良的MRS培养基进行菌株分离,多重聚合酶链式反应指纹图谱去重与16S rRNA同源性分析鉴定相结合,并通过MEGA V5.0建树对新疆喀什地区维吾尔族群体不同哺乳期母乳中乳杆菌的组成及变化进行研究。从45?个母乳样品中共分离出229?株乳酸菌,分别隶属于乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）和链球菌属（Streptococcus）,其中96.1%的菌株隶属Lactobacillus spp.,分别为短乳杆菌（L. brevis）75?株、发酵乳杆菌（L. fermentum）82 株、口乳杆菌（L. ori）37?株、阴道乳杆菌（L. vaginalis）4?株和加氏乳杆菌（L. gasseri）22?株。其中L. vaginalis是比较罕见的菌种。新疆喀什地区维吾尔族群体母乳中乳杆菌种群组成丰富,不同哺乳期母乳中乳杆菌变化趋势明显;成熟乳样品中分离的乳杆菌种群结构相对初乳和晚乳的要复杂,其中5?d～5?个月哺乳期的母乳中乳杆菌种群结构最为复杂,为母乳中益生菌资源的开发提供依据。     

Heat Transfer Analysis of Sterilization of Canned Milk Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

A uniform and effective heat distribution inside the canned milk is very crucial for achieving effective sterilization. It is extremely difficult to establish the temperature profile inside the canned milk during continuous industrial scale operation. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation can be a useful tool to determine the temperature distribution of the fluid inside the can during the sterilization process. A CFD model was developed for the sterilization of canned milk at 121 ~C. The simulation results were validated with the experimental measurements of temperatures. The formation and movement of slowest heating zone （SHZ） during the sterilization process was tracked. Moreover, effect of can position （vertical and horizontal） during processing on milk temperature distribution inside the can was also investigated. Higher Grashof and Rayleigh numbers were obtained for vertical positioning of can compared to horizontal can processing. Further, effectiveness of the process was calculated based on F-value and these results reinforced the positive effect of horizontal position of can during the sterilization process.     

益生菌Lactobacillus paracasei LC01对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

探讨益生菌Lactobacillus paracasei LC01对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。将32 只Balb/c小鼠随机分成4 组,分别作为对照组、灌胃LC01灭活菌组、灌胃LC01活菌组和活菌定殖组。干预2 周后,通过MiSeq高通量测序手段,分析不同处理条件下小鼠肠道菌群变化。结果表明：相对于对照组和灌胃灭活菌组,灌胃LC01活菌可以显著提高小鼠肠道内Lactobacillus属、Ruminococcaceae_UCG014属、Alistpes属的相对含量。进一步通过荧光定量聚合酶链式反应和群落聚类分析发现,灌胃LC01活菌不但可以显著提高小鼠肠道内乳酸菌LC01的相对含量,同时可以促进小鼠肠道中格氏乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌和唾液乳杆菌的增殖。在活菌定殖组中,停止灌胃2 周后,小鼠粪便中不能检测到菌株LC01,说明菌株LC01不能在小鼠肠道内长期定殖。以上结果表明菌株LC01对肠道小鼠菌群结构具有一定的调节作用,具有潜在的益生作用和应用价值。     

Effect of Carbonation on Microbiologic Parameters of Refrigerated Bovine Raw Milk

This study evaluated the effect of carbon dioxide addition on microbiological quality during refrigerated storage of raw milk collected in Curitiba city, Brazil. A three factor-two level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the pH （5.8-6.4）, storage time （0-10 days） and storage temperature （5-10 ℃）, on the responses, namely, mesophiles, psychrotrophs, lipolytic psychrotrophs and proteolytic psychrotrophs counts. Results showed that increase in pH and storage time had significant effect on the microbial count. No significant effect of storage temperature was observed for all the microorganisms studied. All responses were well predicted by selected mathematical models, as denoted by coefficient of determination above 0.95.     

巴马长寿老人源乳酸杆菌的筛选及其益生特性

为获得巴马长寿老人肠道乳杆菌并研究其益生特性,采用改良MRS+Ca CO3固体培养基与改良MRS+X-gal固体培养基从10位广西巴马百岁老人粪便中筛选出19株乳杆菌,再通过生理生化实验、糖发酵实验、模拟胃肠转运实验、疏水性实验和自凝集实验,筛选出消化道逆环境耐受性强和粘附力好的菌株3株(GU-L3、GU-P132和GU-G23),进一步对三株菌进行了16Sr DNA序列鉴定,结果发现GU-L3为干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei);GU-P132为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum);GU-G23为格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)。三个菌株经模拟胃肠液转运实验后,存活率皆达到107 CFU/m L以上,自凝集率分别为12.43±0.03%、78.88±0.01%和35.92±0.02%,疏水率分别为6.38±0.02%、81.77±0.02%和10.58±0.05%,粘附性也高于其他菌株。经与国内外有关报道相比,综合认为这三株来自巴马老人肠道的乳酸杆菌益生特性明显,具有较好的开发潜力。     

广西地区青年人肠道乳酸菌的分离及其发酵酸奶品质的评价

采用传统的可培养方法对广西青年人肠道乳酸菌进行了分离与纯化,通过16S rRNA序列分析对菌株进行了鉴定,并将筛选菌株作为酸奶发酵剂应用。结果表明,分离到的23株乳酸菌中被鉴定为发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）11株,唾液乳杆菌（Lactobacillus salivarius）6株,格氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）2株,副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）1株,融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confuse）2株和口乳杆菌（Lactobacillus oris）1株。筛选乳酸菌制作的酸奶之间芳香类物质差异并不显著（P＞0.05）,而酸奶样品间酸味、后味A和丰度差异较大。进一步分析表明,副干酪乳杆菌HBUAS54287、唾液乳杆菌HBUAS54223与HBUAS54248、格氏乳杆菌HBUAS54233、发酵乳杆菌HBUAS54238与HBUAS54318乳酸产生能力较强,可进一步筛选用于酸奶复合发酵剂的开发。     

Effect of Various Sources of Fat Ingredients on the Properties of Goat Milk Ice Cream

Goat milk ice cream was made with various sources of fat ingredients such as cream, soybean oil, rice bran oil and butter with the purpose of seeking the fat ingredient source instead of fat source from cow origin. The physical properties and the sensory evaluation of ice cream were then investigated. The firmness of goat milk ice cream mixed with rice bran oil, butter and cream were not significantly different before aging at 4 ℃ for 8 h. All of them gave the overrun between 51%-63% and the one with butter was the highest. The meltdown rate of all types of fat ingredients are not significantly different, being in the range of 0.86-0.88 g/min. According to sensory evaluation, the cow milk ice cream with cream was mostly accepted in all attributes such as appearance, smoothness, whiteness, melting in mouth and odor while the goat milk with cream and butter are the second and third. Nevertheless, the goat milk ice cream with soybean oil and rice bran oil were moderately accepted in overall preferences.     

Lactobacillus acidophilus Group Lactic Acid Bacteria Applied to Meat Fermentation

Lactobacillus acidophilus group bacteria (L. acidophilus, L crispatus, L. amylovorus, L. gallinarum, L. gasseri, L. johnsonii) , probiotic lactic acid bacteria, were applied to meat fermentation. Of six strains, L. gasseri (predominant lacto-bacilli in human intestinal tracts) JCM1131^T exhibited greatest fermentation performance in meats. This strain resisted gastric acid and bile, and would thus have no detrimental effects in the intestinal tract. Inoculation of the strain depressed the propagation of S. aureus cells and their enterotoxin production during meat fermentation. Results suggest probiotic lactic acid bacteria could be effectively utilized for meat fermentation to produce healthy meat products.     

A novel immunostimulating aspect of Lactobacillus gasseri: induction of "Gasserokine" as chemoattractants for macrophages

The chemotactic activity of the culture supernatants from 14 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. gasseri was examined for murine macrophages. Significant macrophage chemotactic activity was observed in three strains of L. acidophilus and all strains of L. gasseri. The highest activity was observed in the supernatant (1131-sup) from 24-h cultures of L. gasseri JCM1131T. The chemotactic factor from 1131-sup, designated as "Gasserokine", was purified by the C18 reverse phase and ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of Gasserokine was checked by HPLC with the reverse-phase mode. The chemotactic activity of Gasserokine was also observed for human monocytes. The macrophage chemotaxis induced by L. gasseri JCM1131T culture supernatants was discovered to be a new biological function exerted by probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the activity is expected to be used for one of the functional parameters in the immunomodulating properties of probiotic lactic acid bacteria.     

In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus gasseri strains of infant origin on adhesion and aggregation of specific pathogens

Numerous Lactobacillus species are members of the normal healthy human intestinal microbiota, and members of the Lactobacillus family predominate among the current marketed probiotic strains. Most of the current commercial probiotic strains have not been selected for specific applications but rather have been chosen based on their technological properties. Often the ability of such strains to temporarily colonize the gastrointestinal tract may be lacking, and the interactions with intestinal microbiota are few. Furthermore, the competitive exclusion properties of potential probiotic bacteria are strain specific and vary greatly. Thus, it is highly desirable that new candidate probiotic isolates originate from the healthy target population. In this study, seven newly isolated strains of Lactobacillus gasseri originating from feces of a healthy newborn child were evaluated for their ability to adhere to intestinal mucus, to autoaggregate and coaggregate with the model pathogens Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544) and Clostridium difficile (1296). All the bacterial strains, single or in combination, in viable and nonviable forms, were able to autoaggregate. The coaggregation with C. sakazakii or C. difficile was higher (P < 0.05) in nonviable than in the viable forms. Single L. gasseri strains showed similar adhesion abilities to intestinal colon mucus. The seven L. gasseri strains when combined were also able to significantly compete with, displace, and inhibit the adhesion of C. sakazakii and C. difficile in the mucus model. This study demonstrates that the studied L. gasseri strains fulfill the basic adhesion and aggregation properties for probiotics and could be considered for potential future use in children.     

Sensory Evaluation of Flavored Soy Milk-Based Yogurt： A Comparison between Jordanian and Malaysian Consumers

Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% （wt/wt） strawberry or orange jam in conjunction with a lactic acid fermentation. Soy milk-based yogurt products were assessed for microbial quality and for acceptability by a panel of Jordanian and Malaysian consumers. Sixty-one individuals, of whom 75.4% （n = 46） were Jordanian and 24.6% （n = 15） were Malaysian, evaluated the plain and flavored soy milk-based yogurt. The overall acceptability of orange and strawberry soy yogurt was rated significantly higher than plain soy yogurt. In general, the orange and strawberry soy yogurt received higher sensory ratings from Malaysian than Jordanian consumers. In addition, formulations with orange jam received higher scores than those flavored with strawberry. Shelf life tests showed that soy yogurt was acceptable for at least 8 d without perceptible spoilage. Therefore, the approach used yielded flavored products with better acceptability and improved sensory attributes, including decreased intensity of off flavor, with suitable shelf life at 4 ℃.     

UV-induced Lactobacillus gasseri mutants resisting sodium chloride and sodium nitrite for meat fermentation

Lactobacillus gasseri, one of the predominant lactobacilli in human intestinal tracts, is utilized for probiotics and dairy starter cultures. However, since L. gasseri is relatively sensitive to sodium chloride and sodium nitrite (essential compounds for meat products), it is difficult to utilize this species for conventional fermented meat products. In this study, efforts were directed to generate mutants of L. gasseri resisting sodium chloride and sodium nitrite. UV irradiation of the strain of L. gasseri JCM1131(T) generated several mutants resisting these compounds. A mutant strain 1131-M8 demonstrated satisfactory growth in meat containing 3.3% sodium chloride and 200 ppm sodium nitrite. Although proteins extracted from the cell surface of 1131-M8 were slightly different from those of the original strain, other biochemical characteristics of both strains were indistinguishable. These results suggest that the L. gasseri mutant obtained in this study could be utilized as a starter culture to develop probiotic meat products.     

婴儿肠道源格氏乳杆菌的安全性评价及益生特性

以广州1?月龄婴儿肠道中分离出的乳酸杆菌为实验菌株，经分子生物学鉴定，确认为格氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）LGZ 1029。对格氏乳杆菌LGZ 1029进行体内外安全性评价和益生特性研究，结果表明：格氏乳杆菌LGZ?1029不产溶血毒素，对多类抗生素表现出敏感性，小鼠经口急性无毒；该菌具有较好的胃肠液耐受力及自凝聚能力，疏水性（79.75%）强于商业标准菌株鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC?7469（43.01%）；菌株对大肠杆菌ATCC?25922抑菌圈直径为17.31～20.70?mm，对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC?12598的抑菌圈直径为21.71～31.08?mm，抑菌效果强于鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC?7469；活菌数为1×107?CFU/mL发酵液的1,1-苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率可达87.07%。本实验为格氏乳杆菌LGZ?1029在膳食补充剂、乳品制造和防腐剂替代品领域的应用提供理论依据。     

Culture-independent analysis of the microbial composition of the African traditional fermented foods poto poto and dégué by using three different DNA extraction methods

The microbial composition of the traditional fermented foods poto poto (a maize dough from the Rep. of Congo) and dégué (a millet dough from Burkina Faso) was studied by a culture-independent approach using TTGE to separate the amplified target V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from total microbial community, followed by DNA sequencing and homology search. Three different extraction methods were used. Guanidium thiocyanate-based DNA extraction provided better performance regarding purity and DNA yield, allowing the detection of a higher number of DNA bands by TTGE in poto poto. By contrast, all three methods yielded similar results for dégué samples, indicating that the performance of the DNA extraction method largely depends on the food composition. Sequencing of DNA bands from TTGE gels corresponding to poto poto samples revealed the presence of Lactobacillus gasseri, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum/paraplantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus casei. The following bacteria were identified in dégué: L. gasseri, Enterococcus sp., E. coli, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, and L. casei.     

Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Ewe＇s Milk

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the animal flocks and the current trends of antibiotic use in small ruminants. A total of 77 mountainous sheepfolds were investigated representing 10% of all transhumant sheep and goats flocks in the area. Duplicate milk samples were collected from January to February transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for the presence of Streptococcus spp. by using the serial dilution method and plating on the surface of Slanetz and Bartley agar. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Streptococcus spp. occurred in 84.4% of the samples and in counts ranged between 1.8 log CFU/mL and 4.6 log CFU/mL. Concerning susceptibility, only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials while 27.3% were fully susceptible. Resistance to cefepime was the most common （93.1%） observation followed by resistance to ampicillin （82.1%）, ciprofloxacine （58.3%） and meropenem （51.9%）. The isolates were vancomycin susceptible at a rate of 83.6%. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was observed to be 22.1% of Streptococcus spp.. Given the prevalence of Streptococcus spp. and the elevated resistance of isolates to various antibiotics it is concluded that further examinations and even interventions are required in order to pertain the appropriate animal health and milk quality.     

Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli against Helicobacter pylori growth and infection in human gastric epithelial cells

Lactobacilli have positive effects on bowel microflora and health in humans and animals. In this study, the antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus gasseri Chen, and L. plantarum 18 were assessed by agar plate diffusion assay and tests that determined the growth and urease activity of Helicobacter pylori cocultured with lactobacilli and the adherence of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells in the presence of lactobacilli. The results showed that the 2 Lactobacillus strains had significant anti-H.pylori activity, and this activity may be contributed by the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of lactobacilli and live Lactobacillus strains in vitro. The antagonistic activity of the CFS against H. pylori depended on the pH and the presence of metabolites, such as organic acids and proteases. Our results also indicated that 2 Lactobacillus strains could inhibit H. pylori adherence human gastric epithelial cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, and it infects about 50% of the world's population. Lactobacilli have been reported to have an inhibitory effect on H. pylori and can be used as probiotic to manufacture dairy products preventing H. pylori infection.     

Whole Body, Liver and Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Thermophilus, Bulgaricus and Acidophilus Milks

In five dietary treatments 70 rats (146g) were fed: (1) chow + water, (2) chow + skim milk, (3) chow + skim milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, (4) chow + skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and (5) chow + skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. After 4 wk of feeding, the mean levels of cholesterol in plasma (mg/dl) and whole body (mg/g dry matter) for treatments 1 through 5 were: 61.3, 54.7, 56.0, 57.1, and 58.1, and 3.68, 3.58, 3.27, 3.13, and 3.00, respectively (P > 0.05). Whole body lipids, liver lipids, liver cholesterol and liver weights were not significantly different. Results indicate that various fermented milks do not significantly alter the distribution of cholesterol among various body pools.