循环流化床锅炉点火启动优化措施

循环流化床锅炉点火启动是一项非常重要的操作,作者结合某厂220 t/h循环流化床锅炉实际点火存在的问题,应用着火理论对其中出现的一些问题进行分析,总结该厂220 t/h循环流化床锅炉点火启动成功经验,提出了相关的注意事项,大幅度降低了启炉费用,取得了良好的经济效益.     

防止220t/h循环流化床锅炉受热面磨损爆管的措施探讨

介绍了循环流化床锅炉磨损爆管的影响因素和某热电厂220 t/h循环流化床锅炉的二级过热器、水冷壁爆管情况,叙述了该厂循环流化床锅炉爆管的发生过程、原因分析、处理,针对现象分析了相关的防范措施,对于同类型锅炉爆管的预防起到一定的借鉴作用。     

循环流化床锅炉的清洗

介绍了循环流化床锅炉的特点及其构造、流程.通过某自备电厂的220t/h循环流化床锅炉EDTA清洗实例,讨论了化学清洗的范围、清洗工艺和参数等.分析总结了清洗中应注意的事项.     

南屯电厂220t／h循环流化床煤泥、煤矸石混烧锅炉的方案设计

介绍了南屯电厂220t/h循环流化床煤泥、煤矸石混烧锅炉的开发研究，锅炉设计特点及各项指标规范。     

镇海炼化循环流化床锅炉运行技术

以中国石化集团公司镇海炼化引进的2台烧100％高硫石油焦的220t/h高温高压自然循环的循环流化床锅炉（CFB）为例，着重介绍了目前一般循环流化床锅炉的运行机理、设备配置、运行中存在主要问题及相关原因分析。     

浅析220t/h循环流化床锅炉大负荷运行困难的原因及对策

介绍了某公司热电厂2#炉大负荷运行困难及原因分析、并针对生产实际状况提出了具体的解决措施,保证了该厂220t/h循环流化床锅炉的大负荷连续稳定运行,对同类型循环流化床锅炉大负荷安全稳定运行具有借鉴意义.     

220t/h循环流化床锅炉应用总结

1220t/h循环流化床锅炉2008年12月,TG-220/5.29-M型循环流化床锅炉在山西阳煤丰喜肥业(集团)有限责任公司临猗分公司(以下简称临猗分公司)成功投运。该锅炉是由太原锅炉集团有限公司和清华大学联合开发的,设计采用单锅筒横置式、单炉膛、自然     

流化床锅炉飞灰再循环节能改造运行总结

<正>1改造前运行状况兖矿鲁南化工有限公司东厂区现有5台锅炉,其中8~#和9~#为75 t/h循环流化床锅炉,循环倍率及热效率偏低。为降低循环流化床锅炉飞灰中的含碳量,提高其运行经济性,决定采用流化床锅炉飞灰复燃节能技术,在75 t/h循环流化床锅炉上实施锅炉飞灰再循环节能改造试验。改造前75 t/h循环流化床锅炉运行参数见表1。     

NCS4000控制系统在循环流化床锅炉控制中的应用

在分析75t/h循环流化床锅炉工艺和控制目标的基础上,设计了基于NCS4000的一整套控制系统,应用结果表明,该控制系统能满足循环流化床锅炉的控制要求.     

循环流化床锅炉点火过程中的问题分析

河南省中原大化集团公司的2台75 t/h（5·4 MPa、450℃）、1台150 t/h（11·5 MPa、540℃）循环流化床锅炉采用天然气床下点火,3台170 t/h（9·8 MPa、540℃）循环流化床锅炉采用0#柴油床下点火。锅炉点火是通过一次风将天然气或0#柴油燃烧释放的热量传递给床料,使床料温度达到煤的着火点,引燃给煤机送入炉膛的煤,并保持床温持续上升,实现升温升压启动锅炉,直到锅炉运行正常。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.