秸秆与兖州煤共液化反应条件的研究

在高压反应釜内,以四氢萘为供氢溶剂,Fe2O3＋S为催化剂,研究了温度、反应时间、初始氢压、配比对兖州煤与秸秆共液化的影响。结果表明,提高反应温度,转化率、油产率增加;延长反应时间对转化率、油产率的影响较小;升高初始氢压,转化率、油产率刚开始增加,6 MPa以后增幅趋缓;在m（秸秆）∶m（兖州煤）=0.5∶9.5时,共液化的油产率为60.45%,比兖州煤单独液化的油产率提高了4.17%;在m（兖州煤）∶m（秸秆）=9.5∶0.5,440℃,8 MPa,90 min的条件下,共液化转化率和油产率达到最大,分别为83.58%和63.1%。     

不同石脑油裂解性能评价对比

采用模拟裂解评价装置对直馏石脑油、芳烃抽余油、焦化加氢石脑油在不同的反应温度（COT）、不同m（水）：m（油）条件下进行裂解评价,结果表明在相同温度下随着m（水）：m（油）的提高,目的产品双烯及三烯收率都上升;在相同m（水）：m（油）条件下,随着反应温度的提高,双烯及三烯目的产品收率也相应上升。通过评价得出：直馏石脑油适宜在相对较高温度下裂解,而焦化加氢石脑油适宜在相对较低的温度下裂解,芳烃抽余油裂解性能适中。     

2，2—二甲基—2，3—二氢Bai啶的合成

以1,8－二氨基萘和丙酮为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,对甲苯磺酸催化下合成了2,2－二甲基2－,3－二氢Bai啶,适宜的反应条件为：原料摩尔比（1,8－二氨基萘／丙酮）1：15对甲苯磺酸用量1％（以1,8－二氨基萘计）,反应时间1．0小时,反应温度为55－60℃,收率为84．0％,UV,IR,1HMR符合结构特征,滤液循环套用后,产品收率由84．0％提高到92．9％,套用4次时,产品质量基本稳定。     

混合癸烯制备润滑油加氢工艺技术

为了降低加氢后合成油的溴值,以Mo和Ni为加氢催化剂,考察不同反应温度、空速、氢压和氢油体积比对溴值的影响。结果表明,在反应温度320 ℃、空速0.8 h-1、氢压4.0 MPa和氢油体积比550∶1最佳工艺条件下,加氢后合成油的溴值降为0.043 g-Br·（100g油）^-1。Mo和Ni加氢催化剂具有优良的烯烃饱和作用。     

煤焦油加氢脱芳工艺条件的优化

在连续流动固定床加氢装置上,采用Ni W-P/Al_2O_3催化剂对高温煤焦油脱除大部分S、N、O后经蒸馏切割得到的芳烃质量分数较高的柴油馏分进行加氢精制,考察了反应温度、反应压力、液体体积空速和氢油体积比对芳烃脱除率和产物分布的影响,得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为340℃,反应压力为8.0 MPa,液体体积空速为0.3 h~(-1),氢油体积比为1 500。结果表明,适宜的反应温度和氢油体积比、较高的反应压力和较低的液体体积空速有利于柴油馏分中芳烃的脱除,其脱除率达到70%以上。     

Ni-Mo/HM上偏三甲苯异构化性能研究

在加压固定床反应器上,研究了Ni-Mo/HM催化剂的偏三甲苯异构化性能。重点考察了反应温度、反应压力、质量空速和氢油比[n(氢气)/n(偏三甲苯),下同]等因素对反应的影响,得到了较适宜的反应工艺条件:反应温度260~270 ℃,反应压力1.2 ~1.4 MPa,质量空速0.9~1.1 h^-1,氢油比为5~6。在反应温度260 ℃,压力1.2 MPa,质量空速1.0 h^-1,氢油比为5的条件下,偏三甲苯的质量转化率为49.17%,均三甲苯的质量收率为23.10%,均三甲苯的选择性为46.98%。实验结果表明在该反应条件下,该催化剂具有良好的催化活性。     

重整生成油液相加氢脱烯烃适宜操作条件的研究

采用管式液相加氢技术,设计在5 L催化剂装量的工业侧线装置上,以HDO-18为催化剂,开展重整生成油脱烯烃可行性研究,并考察了反应空速、氢油比、反应温度、反应压力等适宜操作条件。长周期运行结果表明:该技术可以使加氢后重整生成油溴指数100 mg Br/100 g油,产品中的芳烃损失0.5%,可替代白土吸附或常规后加氢工艺脱除重整生成油的烯烃。其最佳操作条件为:反应温度170℃、反应压力1.5 MPa、体积空速12 h~(-1)和氢油比4:1。     

负载型骨架镍催化剂催化轻质石脑油加氢脱苯

针对当前对溶剂油中苯含量的严格要求,研究负载型骨架镍催化剂在轻质石脑油加氢脱苯反应过程中的加氢性能,并考察反应温度、反应压力、空速以及氢油体积比等对轻质石脑油加氢脱苯反应的影响。结果表明,骨架镍催化剂具有较高的低温加氢活性,适宜条件为:反应温度140℃,反应压力0.2 MPa,空速2 h~(-1),氢油体积比120,此条件下,苯转化率达到99%。     

麦草畏合成工艺的研究

研究了以2，5－二氯苯酚为主要原料，经成盐脱水，羰化反应和O－烷基化反应合成麦草畏的工艺，羧化反应的适宜工艺条件为反应温度（140－145）℃，反应压力5．5－6．0MPa；开发成功了羧化反应剂JSY－1，可使羧化收率由40％左右上升到66．4％，O－烷基化反应的适宜（CH3）2SO4配比为1．0：2．1－2．2，本工艺总收率为54％左右。     

UV固化丙烯酸酯改性硅油的合成及性能

以甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和含氢硅油为原料,通过硅氢加成反应制得丙烯酸酯改性硅油。采用FT—IR表征了产物结构;研究了反应温度、含氢量、催化剂用量对合成反应的影响,以及紫外光（UV）固化性能。结果表明,最佳反应条件为：含氢硅油的活性氢质量分数0．3％、反应温度85℃、铂催化剂质量分数为3×10^-6。产物具有UV固化活性,指干法测定固化时间45s。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.