环氧氯丙烷改性花生壳吸附水中次甲基蓝的研究

以花生壳为原料,环氧氯丙烷为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性制备吸附剂,并对其吸附次甲基蓝的性能作了较系统的研究.结果表明,在2.0g花生壳中分别加入1.25moL/L的NaOH溶液45mL和环氧氯丙烷25mL,控制温度40℃,搅拌反应30分钟,得到改性的花生壳,用此改性的花生壳吸附次甲基蓝的最佳条件为:处理100mg/L的次甲基蓝溶液50mL用0.2g改性花生壳,pH在6.48,搅拌吸附60分钟,在此条件下吸附率可达99%,脱色效果显著;吸附后的花生壳用0.5mol/LNaOH溶液再生,重复使用3次对次甲基蓝的吸附率在96%以上;同时,比较了改性花生壳和未改性花生壳对次甲基蓝的吸附性能,未改性花生壳对次甲基蓝的吸附率为82%,改性花生壳对次甲基蓝的吸附率为99%.     

环氧氯丙烷改性花生壳吸附水中Cu~(2+)的研究

利用环氧氯丙烷对花生壳改性制备吸附剂,并用其吸附水溶液中Cu2+。实验结果显示,花生壳的改性条件为:花生壳5.0 g,浓度为1.5 mol/L NaOH溶液100 mL,环氧氯丙烷5 mL,反应温度30℃,反应40 min;用上述条件改性花生壳0.3 g,吸附初始浓度50 mg/LCu2+溶液,控制溶液的pH为5.0,吸附时间3.0h,对Cu2+吸附率可达96.0%,高于未改性花生壳的70.4%,使吸附率提高36.4%。     

NaOH改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能的研究

花生壳用5%的NaOH溶液改性作吸附剂处理亚甲基蓝染料废水,考察pH值、吸附剂投加量、染料浓度和温度及吸附时间对染料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附最佳的工艺条件为:温度25℃,吸附剂投加量0.3 g,亚甲基蓝的初始浓度3.5 g/mL,反应时间135 min,pH值7。此时改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附率达99.57%。     

硝酸改性花生壳对Pb2+的吸附研究

以花生壳为原料、HNO3为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性制备吸附剂,并研究了其吸附水中Pb2 的性能.结果表明,在2.0 g花生壳中加入体积分数为10%的HNO3溶液25 mL、控制温度80℃、搅拌3 h,得到改性的花生壳;用此改性花生壳吸附Pb2 的最佳条件为:0.20 g改性花生壳、97.5 mg·L-1的Pb2 溶液25 mL、pH值5.0、搅拌吸附60 min,在此条件下吸附率可达97%;吸附后的花生壳用0.5 mol·L-1的HCl溶液再生,重复使用2次对Pb2 的吸附率在92%以上;同时,比较了改性花生壳和未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附性能,未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为87%,改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为96%,通过HNO3改性使花生壳的吸附性能得到提高.     

羧基酯化改性花生壳对染料废水的吸附

通过甲醇酯化法制备改性花生壳,用于吸附刚果红、次甲基蓝染料废水.考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、初始浓度对吸附的影响及改性花生壳的再生.结果表明,在室温、刚果红在pH值4.16、次甲基蓝在7.45时,吸附效果最佳,经搅拌吸附120 min达到平衡,两染料最大吸附率分别为82.30％和90.84％,饱和吸附量分别为10.88 mg/g和11.82 mg/g.吸附符合一级动力学过程和Langmuir等温吸附模型.改性花生壳吸附效果较未改性花生壳明显提高,且可经0.5 moL/L NaOH溶液再生重复使用.     

活性炭的硝酸改性工艺研究

研究了木质颗粒活性炭的硝酸改性工艺,以焦糖脱色率、亚甲基蓝吸附值和苯酚吸附值为指标,优化最佳改性工艺条件。结果表明,在以150 mL硝酸溶液改性10 g活性炭条件下,对于焦糖脱色率的最佳改性条件为:HNO3浓度1 mol/L,改性温度30℃,改性时间1 h;在此条件下,活性炭的焦糖脱色率和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别提高了400%和31.94%;在HNO3浓度为5 mol/L,改性温度为90℃,改性时间为2 h的改性条件下,改性活性炭的苯酚吸附值提高了46.99%。     

氢氧化钠、L-苹果酸改性亚麻超声波辅助吸附甲基紫研究

采用超声波辅助手段,对改性亚麻吸附甲基紫进行了研究,通过单因素变量和正交实验选出优化组合。结果表明,改性亚麻的吸附量和去除率均高于未改性亚麻。亚麻改性的优化条件是:改性时间100 min、改性温度40℃,经1 mol/L的氢氧化钠改性之后又经0.2 mol/L的L-苹果酸改性;其吸附25 mL甲基紫溶液的优化条件是:吸附时间100 min、温度50℃、吸附剂投加量0.3 g、甲基紫初始质量浓度80 mg/L,在此条件下对甲基紫的吸附量和去除率分别为39.47mg/g和99.67%。正交实验得出最大吸附量优化组合为改性温度40℃、吸附时间120 min、吸附剂用量0.1 g,吸附量39.97 mg/g;最大去除率的优化组合为改性温度60℃、吸附时间120 min、吸附剂用量0.5 g,此时去除率99.67%。     

改性花生壳处理含磷废水的研究

本文主要对花生壳的改性以及改性花生壳处理处理含磷废水进行了研究。花生壳经预处理后,以盐酸作为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性,再用改性花生壳作为吸附剂处理含磷废水。花生壳改性实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:改性温度为60℃、改性时间为180min、液固比为13mL/g。改性花生壳处理含磷废水实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度为35℃、吸附时间为90min、改性花生壳用量为0. 6g、废水p H为6。在此条件下,可使50mL含磷废水中磷的浓度由50mg/L下降到1. 4mg/L,磷的去除率达97. 2%。     

改性花生壳处理含铬废水的研究

本文主要对花生壳的改性以及改性花生壳处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水进行了研究。花生壳经预处理后,以硝酸作为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性,再用改性花生壳作为吸附剂处理含铬废水。花生壳改性实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:改性时间为120min、改性温度为45℃、液固比16mL/g。改性花生壳处理含铬废水实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间为120min、吸附温度为35℃、废水pH为3、改性花生壳用量为1.2g。在此条件下可使50mL模拟含铬废水中铬的浓度由50mg/L降到3mg/L,铬的去除率达94%。     

改性花生壳处理含铜废水的研究

采用高锰酸钾改性花生壳,利用改性花生壳处理含铜废水。花生壳改性实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:改性温度为40℃,改性时间为180 min,液固比为13 mL/g。改性花生壳处理含铜废水实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为100 min,改性花生壳用量为1.0 g。在此条件下可使50 mL含铜废水中铜的浓度由50 mg/L降到1.4 mg/L,铜去除率达97.2%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。