水厂季节性氯耗增高的原因分析与对策探讨

季节性氯耗增高已困扰Ｂ水厂多年。本文指出其原因是滤池中存在季节性不完全硝化反应，生成的亚硝酸盐氮消耗大量的氯。这一结论是对大量实测水质数据进行分析得出的。文中还探讨了解决这一问题的根本办法、长远对策和临时性措施。     

原水氨氮较高期间氯耗高的原因及对策

汕头市月浦水厂近年来在3月-5月间常出现持续10多天的原水氨氮浓度较高的现象,此间氯耗显著增高.针对这一问题,从水体及制水构筑物的耗氯情况、加氯方式以及余氯测定方法造成的影响三个方面进行了分析,建议原水氨氮浓度较高期间采取定期向各构筑物内投加适量次氯酸钙（漂粉精）,对出厂水余氯以总氯控制代替游离氯控制,统一使用DPD法测定余氯等措施加以解决.     

水处理工艺中氯耗增高的原因分析与对策

通过大量水质数据分析,发现出水厂氯耗增高的原因是滤池中存在不完全硝化反应,生成的亚硝酸盐氮消耗大量的氯。针对氯耗增高的原因,提出了解决这一问题的两种处理措施,并对效果进行了比较。实践证明,虽然两种处理措施有效地降低了氯耗,但从水质和长远的角度考虑,应增加生物预处理措施。     

消毒过程中氨氮对氯耗的影响研究

某水厂将地下水与管网水混合作为原水,直接加氯后进入清水池,运行中发现清水池出水中的余氯值变化不规律,有时会出现加氯量越多,出水余氯反而越少的现象.通过静态加氯试验验证了氯耗波动的事实,并与氨氮配水试验作对照,发现原水水样与氨氮配水的加氯曲线存在相似性；通过对折点加氯曲线的分析以及与原水加氯曲线的比较,认为原水加氯符合折点加氯特性,氨氮和管网来水中余氯的变化是造成氯耗不稳的原因.     

对自来水厂原水需氯量突增原因的分析及对策

在自然界的原水中含有一定量的有机物、碳水化合物和无机盐类化合物等,它们之间是相互联系,密不可分的一个复杂体系。它们大多以复杂的形式混合存在,由于工厂的废水、生活污水等排入江河,导致水源中TOC、氨氮增高、高锰酸钾指数超标,水厂原水需氯量加大,出厂水余氯突降,但其总氯、氯化物、有机氯化物等的检测数据不高。     

淮河水源水厂面临问题及实用技术对策探讨

淮河水是我国最早进行"三河三湖"水污染综合治理的重点河流之一.经过多年治理,淮河流域的水污染防治已取得一定的成效,但目前水体污染依然严重,以淮河水为水源的沿岸城镇供水仍面临着巨大的压力.分析了淮河中段某市A厂的原水水质现状,指出水厂面临的原水水质问题①枯水期原水水质特点是低温、低浊、高污染(主要是氨氮和高锰酸盐指数),且污染持续时间较长;②丰水期上游下泄的污染团,水质特点是冲击污染严重,以上游污水为主体,污染物种类多,原水浊度、色度、嗅味、COD、氨氮和高锰酸盐指数浓度普遍较高;持续时间虽短,但对出水水质影响非常显著.基于以上分析,针对不同原水水质问题,探讨了相关的实用技术及应急对策,对淮河沿岸水厂的技术改造有重要指导意义.     

水厂漏氯吸收装置分析

通过对两种类型的漏氯吸收装置安装和使用时的实践，分析并比较两种漏氯吸收装置的工作原理、工艺流程，总结使用时发生的一些故障及处理方法，并对设备选型提出一些参考性意见。     

海沧水厂漏氯及跑氯处理设备应用论述

对大中型水厂常用的消毒剂氯作了总体论述,对漏氯和跑氯的概念及其区别进行了阐述,分析了漏氯和跑氯的原因,同时提出了无害化处理方法,介绍了漏氯吸收装置的工作原理、工艺流程及特点,得出氯气是最好的消毒方法的结论.     

第七水厂氯耗不稳原因分析研究

在生产实践的过程中,常发现开启不同的水源井引起加氯后清水池余氯发生变化,造成加氯量不易控制,针对这种情况开展氯耗不稳定原因分析研究,并对余氯的测定方法进行了比较。     

典型有机氮化物对卤乙酸生成量和耗氯量的影响

以自来水厂的滤后水为处理对象,研究了甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸和甲胺等6种典型有机氮化物对饮用水消毒过程中卤乙酸生成量和耗氯量的影响。结果表明,有机氮化物的存在会强化消毒过程中卤乙酸的生成,且卤乙酸生成量的增值与有机氮化物的含量呈正相关,同时与有机氮化物的性质和水体的pH有关;有机氮化物的存在还会使耗氯量增加,增值与有机氮化物含量成正比。有机氮化物强化卤乙酸生成的原因可能是:耗氯量的升高使得水中天然有机物与氯反应而生成的卤乙酸量增加;有机氮化物自身在氯化过程中生成了卤乙酸。     

液氯应用于地表水厂应急除锰研究

针对水厂原水夏季锰超标带来的出厂水浊度、色度超过滤后水的问题,经对比试验和分析论证采用液氯氧化除锰方案.通过在预氧化接触池投加氯,出厂水中锰从原水的0.1-2.0mg/L降低到0.05 mg/L以下,色度从原水的50-80度降低至5度,工艺简单,易于操作.同时调查分析了水厂锰的来源及变化,并针对水厂设计以及液氯除锰中需...     

氯氨供气管路积液问题分析与应对

针对正压加氨浮子堵塞问题,进行了加氨管线温度检测和氨气性质分析。结果表明,加氨管线中氨气受温度和压力影响再次液化是堵塞加氨浮子的原因,根据堵塞原因采取了一系列控制措施,并对水厂加氨（氯）管线的设计和安装需要注意的问题提出了建议。     

次氯酸钠、二氧化氯处理水厂排泥水试验研究

以南方地区某水厂排泥水为处理对象,分别用次氯酸钠、二氧化氯进行了小试。结果表明,次氯酸钠、二氧化氯对排泥水中的细菌、藻类有一定的去除效果,达到同期原水水平,但对水中剑水蚤的灭活效果不显著;同时,水中UV254出现明显的上升。     

Chlorinated organics from chlorine used in water treatment

The contribution from impurities in chlorine to levels of chlorinated organics found in potable water after chlorination was investigated. Techniques for sampling of chlorine and gas chromatography (GC) determination of chlorinated organics in chlorine are described. The detection limits were better than 1 ppm for each of chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexachloroethane, hexachloropropane and hexachlorobenzene in chlorine. With the exception of chloroform which occasionally accounted for nearly 1 μg l⁻¹ in water, the levels of the nine compounds in chlorine accounted for less than 0.1 μg l⁻¹ of each compound in chlorinated water from 10 Canadian treatment plants. The occurrence of these nine and 28 additional chlorinated organics previously detected in water supplies was determined by aid of liquid-liquid extraction of water samples. Seven compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were detected, usually at levels ranging from 0.1 to 1 μg l⁻¹ in chlorinated water from the treatment plant.     

A model for chlorine concentration decay in pipes

A model that accounts for transport in the axial direction by convection and in the radial direction by diffusion and that incorporates first order decay kinetics has been developed to predict the chlorine concentration in a pipe in a distribution system. A generalized expression for chlorine consumption at the pipe wall is used to solve the governing equation and to determine the average chlorine concentration at any location in the pipe. Three non-dimensional parameters are used to determine the concentration and a methodology to determine them in pipe networks is proposed. The range of values of these dimensionless parameters where wall consumption is significant are determined. The methodology is applied to field measurements of chlorine concentration in a distribution network.     

pH值对电渗析工艺去除废水中氨氮的影响分析

探讨了电渗析的原理,分析了pH值对电渗析工艺去除废水中氨氮的影响,介绍了试验装置及方法,得出了偏酸性时氨氮去除率下降剧烈,偏碱性时氨氮去除率下降不是很明显,对于主要污染物为氨氮的废水,其去除效果几乎不受pH值影响的结论。     

某市给水厂强化常规和深度处理工艺处理效果分析

以某水厂工艺改造为例,分析了改造前后丰水期和枯水期时氨氮、CODMn、浊度的去除效果.结果表明,工艺改造后对氨氮、CODMn及浊度的去除率分别提高了32.41％,15.32％和2.25％,其中对氨氮及有机物的强化去除效果较明显,可有效解决水源水质季节性及阶段性污染问题.     

Comparative effectiveness of chlorine and chlorine dioxide biocide regimes for biofouling control

The effectiveness of chlorine (Cl₂) and chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) in controlling biofouling of 304L stainless steel heat exchanger tubing was compared using an experimental trough system. Three combinations of dose and contact time were evaluated. Chlorination coupled with a dispersant was also tested. Three criteria were used to assess the degree of fouling; organic carbon and dry weight of the fouling material accumulated on metal specimens and the visual appearance of this material on the specimens. These parameters correlated well with one another and therefore, collectively provided an effective means of evaluating biocide efficacy.Metal specimens in all troughs receiving biocide treatment were much less fouled than those in the trough receiving no biocide. Continuous application of Cl₂ at about 0.15 ppm was more effective than four 15-min 1 ppm Cl₂ applications per day. Both of these treatment regimes were more effective than a dose of about 1 ppm for 1 h day⁻¹. Use of a dispersant in combination with Cl₂ showed no significant reduction in the amount of biofouling material accumulation, although a difference in the texture of this material was observed. Unlike the Cl₂ results, low-level continuous ClO₂ treatment at 0.15 ppm resulted in biofouling similar to that when 1 ppm of ClO₂ was used for 1 h day⁻¹. Overall, ClO₂ was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in controlling biofouling than Cl₂.     

硫酸铵在净水工艺中的应用

在原水氨氮含量较低的条件下,采用硫酸铵代替液氨投加在原水中,与氯消毒剂作用形成化合氯消毒,可达到净水工艺要求。硫酸铵的使用提高了系统的安全可靠性,避免了气体泄漏爆炸的危险。