增塑剂在丙烯酸酯压敏胶中的扩散行为与影响

为研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）在丙烯酸酯压敏胶中的扩散行为,制备了丙烯酸异辛酯（2-EHA）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）和丙烯酸（AA）体系的压敏胶。采用分子量分布（GPC）、动态力学分析（DMA）、热失重分析（TG）和力学测试等方法,考察了引发剂用量、不同增塑剂浓度下交联剂用量,以及同一交联剂用量下不同增塑剂和增黏树脂用量对压敏胶性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着胶样分子量的增加,增塑剂DOP的扩散行为会减缓并趋于平衡;随着胶样交联程度的提高,增塑剂DOP的扩散行为会明显减缓;同时改变交联剂与DOP用量时,交联剂和DOP均会使初粘力和剥离强度降低;DOP进入含增黏树脂体系丙烯酸酯胶层后,粘接升降行为还会随增黏树脂含量而改变。     

高性能PVC墙纸乳液及上光漆寻求合作伙伴

成果简介：墙纸作为一种室内装饰材料，已广泛应用于装修居室、宾馆、娱乐场所等，近年来在我国得到了较快的发展。PVC塑料墙纸是以纸为基材，以聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜为面层，经过复合、印合、印花、压花等工序制成的一种新型装饰材料。目前PVC塑料墙纸的缺点是：透气性较差，在高温下容易发黏，PVC薄膜中加入大量的增塑剂使得PVC表面易吸尘变脏、表面发黏、增塑剂迁移渗出、耐磨性能降低等。为了克服这些缺点，扩大PVC墙纸的应用范围，我们选用功能性苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯类单体，在特定的合成工艺下聚合反应制得固含量高、机械稳定性好的PVC塑料墙纸上光漆用乳液，并用该乳液配制了PVC塑料墙纸上光漆，通过在PVC薄膜上涂布一层上光漆，形成一层膜，可以有效地防止增塑剂迁移渗出，使表面滑爽而不粘接、不易吸尘变脏、提高耐磨性能，同时由于涂膜可着色、上珠光粉等起到改变表面光泽和色泽的作用，从而有效地提高了装饰性能，拓展了PVC塑料墙纸的应用范围。     

分子量对PVC力学性能的影响

采用凝胶色谱法(GPC)对5种不同型号的PVC树脂粉进行了分子量测试。利用HAAKE转矩流变仪研究了分子量大小对PVC树脂粉塑化性能的影响,发现随着分子量的增加,塑化时间、平衡转矩、最大转矩增加,树脂粉加工性能变差;同时利用开炼机,以对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)作为增塑剂,研究了PVC分子量大小、增塑剂含量对PVC农用薄膜力学性能的影响,发现随着PVC分子量的增加,PVC农用薄膜的拉伸强度升高,断裂伸长率增加,直角撕裂强度下降;随着增塑剂含量的增加,PVC农用薄膜的拉伸强度、直角撕裂强度下降,断裂伸长率增加。     

聚氯乙烯膜喷绘性能的影响因素研究

研究了增塑剂和无机填料的种类和含量对喷绘用聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜的喷绘性能的影响,结果表明:增塑效率高的增塑剂用于PVC膜,其喷绘性能更优异,无机填料的颗粒大小、种类和含量都对膜的喷绘性能有影响;并探讨了PVC膜的喷绘色彩机理及吸墨机理。     

PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法合成及其应用研究

以苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和马来酸酐（MAH）为原料,采用乳液聚合法合成一种新型PVC增塑剂（St—co—BA—co—MAH）。考察了反应温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量以及第三单体MAH的用蕈对共聚反应的影响,确定了最优反应工艺,同时刘该助剂的结构进行了表征;考察其增塑的PVC（聚氯乙烯）材料与DOP增塑的PVC材料应用性能。结果表明：聚合反应温度为80℃,引发剂质量分数为0．8％,乳化剂质量分数为2．5％时,所得乳液的稳定性最好;当合成大分子增塑剂用量逐渐增大时,PVC试样的力学性能更好,且耐抽出性能优于使用相同量DOP增塑的PVC材料。     

增塑PVC混合料组分分析

通过溶剂萃取、特性黏数测定并结合凝胶渗透色谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和液相色谱等建立了增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)混合料组分的分析方法,对不同配方组成的增塑PVC混合料进行剖析。该方法能基本确定增塑PVC混合料中PVC树脂的型号、增塑剂的种类及含量、填料的含量等信息。     

纳米无机粒子抑制喷绘PVC膜中增塑剂析出的研究

用纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3来抑制喷绘用聚氯乙烯（PVC）膜中增塑剂的析出,并探讨了纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3对喷绘PVC膜喷绘性能的影响。结果表明,纳米CaCO3和纳米SiO2可以有效抑制喷绘PVC膜中增塑剂的析出,纳米无机粒子含量越高,其抑制作用越明显,但纳米无机粒子含量超过20份时,PVC膜的力学性能和喷绘性能下降;纳米无机粒子提高了喷绘PVC膜的油墨吸收速度;当纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3团聚颗粒较大时,对PVC膜的喷绘性能产生不利影响。     

填充剂、增塑剂对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶性能的影响

研究了不同填充剂、增塑剂对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶性能的影响。结果表明：白炭黑对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶的力学性能、耐磨性能和硬度的影响最大;填充剂用量增加时,拉伸强度逐渐减小,冲击强度、硬度逐渐增大。与DOP,DCP和DOA相比,TXP的增塑效果最好;添加5份增塑剂时有反增塑现象发生．拉仲强度提高。在无毒输送带中应使用环保型环氧大豆油作为增塑剂。     

高分子防水卷材用反应型自粘胶的研制

以SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)为基料,并引入增黏剂、增塑剂、防老剂和功能助剂等物质,制备了可用作高分子防水卷材自粘层的反应型自粘胶;以增黏剂、增塑剂和功能助剂为试验因素,以自粘胶与混凝土基面之间的剥离强度为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备自粘胶的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:当w(SBS)=20%、w(功能助剂)=6%、w(增黏剂)=40%、w(增塑剂)=30%和w(抗氧化剂)=4%(均相对于自粘胶质量而言)时,该自粘胶与混凝土基面的剥离强度(为2.96 N/mm)满足GB/T 23457—2009标准要求。     

高屏蔽紫外光透明增塑PVC薄膜的研制

研究了增塑剂、热稳定剂、紫外光吸收剂、受阻胺光稳定剂对增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)薄膜的紫外光与可见光透过率的影响,通过优化配方,制得一种高屏蔽紫外光透明增塑PVC薄膜。结果表明:在PVC树脂中,加入适量的邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯增塑剂、有机锡热稳定剂以及紫外光吸收剂和受阻胺光稳定剂,制得的增塑PVC功能薄膜能屏蔽99.8%以上的紫外光,并且可见光平均透过率在76%以上。     

Mechanical and barrier properties of polyvinyl chloride plasticized with dioctyl phthalate,epoxidized soybean oil,and epoxidized cardanol

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films were prepared by melt compounding and compression molding using epoxidized cardanol (EC), a biobased plasticizer and its plasticization effect was compared with epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The mechanical, migration, thermal, and barrier properties of the plasticized films were compared. The effect of replacing DOP with EC on the properties of PVC films was also investigated. The tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus and impact strength values of PVC/EC films were higher in comparison to PVC/DOP and PVC/ESBO films at a fixed plasticizer loading of 40 wt.%. Also, the films prepared with a mixture of DOP + EC showed higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to that of films prepared with only DOP. The PVC/EC films showed good thermal stability and reduced oxygen transmission rate (OTR) compared to PVC/DOP films. The addition of graphene and nanoclay in the PVC/plasticizer system exhibited an increase in oxygen transmission. However, the oxygen barrier property of nano filler incorporated PVC/EC films was better than PVC/DOP films. All the films showed negligible water vapor transmission rate (WVTR).     

废弃环氧模塑料填充聚氯乙烯的研究

用废弃环氧模塑料粉作为填料,采用模压成型的方法制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）/废弃环氧模塑料复合材料,研究了废弃环氧模塑料粉的组成和性质及其与PVC的界面黏结情况,分别考察了温度和废弃环氧模塑料粉含量对复合材料力学性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,废弃环氧模塑料粉具有一定的活性,能与极性树脂PVC发生作用而产生界面接枝;在模压温度为200 ℃,废弃环氧模塑料粉含量为60 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的拉伸强度为32.13 MPa,弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为60.70 MPa和4.68 kJ/m2,基本可满足相关产品的要求;随着废弃环氧模塑料粉含量的增加,复合材料的储能模量提高,损耗峰向高温方向移动,且损耗峰形先变宽后变窄。     

纤维表面处理对PVC/木纤维复合材料性能的影响

比较了两种方法处理木纤维对聚氯乙烯(PVC)／木纤维复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,将木纤维先用一定浓度的NaOH溶液浸泡再用硅烷偶联剂处理时,木纤维在PVC基体中分散更均匀,与PVC界面的粘合性提高;复合材料的力学性能如拉伸强度、冲击强度、断裂伸长率等有明显提高。     

改性椰壳粉／PVC复合材料结构和性能的研究

研究了偶联剂改性椰壳粉的种类及用量、椰壳粉的质量分数对椰壳粉／PVC复合材料性能的影响,并用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了拉伸断面。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂KH-550质量分数为2％时效果较好,拉伸强度提高了12．6％,冲击强度提高了30．6％;经过硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性,能增大椰壳粉填充质量分数,提高复合材料的维卡软化点温度,改善了椰壳粉纤维在PVC基体中分散性和相容性。     

Synthesis of chloromethyl benzimidazole grafted polybenzimidazole with enhanced UV absorption and its effect as a stabilizer on the ultraviolet-aging behaviors of poly(vinyl chloride) films

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is particularly susceptible to UV damage, and its durability can be reduced substantially when it is exposed to outdoor environments. In this study, high-molecular-weight polybenzimidazole (PBI) was synthesized and then grafted with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole. The polybenzimidazole grafted with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole (PBI-g-CMBeIm) could absorb over 99% of UV light in the region 220–420 nm. Then, PVC–PBI-g-CMBeIm blend films were prepared by a solution-casting method, and the effects of the PBI-g-CMBeIm content and UV-irradiation time on the properties of these films were investigated. The results show that the benzimidazole moieties incorporated into the macromolecular chain of PBI provided additional conjugation units, and this allowed the films to have a stronger UV absorption and broader λ range. The yield strength of the PVC–PBI-g-CMBeIm blend films irradiated for 1000 h ranged from 16.5 to 27.7 MPa; this increased 3.2–14.4 MPa compared with that of the pure PVC. The strength retention rate of the pure PVC was 28.8%, whereas that of the PVC–PBI-g-CMBeIm blend films was in the range 34.1–55.2%. The addition of PBI-g-CMBeIm also effectively increased the thermal degradation temperature of the blend films and slowed down their thermal degradation rate. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47626.     

高岭土增强PVC/橡胶非硫化复合体系的研究

研究了橡胶种类及用量、增塑剂用量、表面处理剂种类及用量对聚氯乙烯／橡胶非硫化复合体系力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜分析了有机胺类表面处理剂改性高岭土／聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶的界面结合状况。结果表明,当丁腈橡胶（NBR）用量为30份,增塑剂DOP用量为60份,表面处理剂1质量分数为3％,并且填有60份的高岭土时,可得到力学性能较佳的高岭土／聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶共混物。     

芳香酸钙刚性粒子增韧聚氯乙烯

选用硬脂酸(HSt)与钛酸酯偶联剂131分别对芳香酸钙(CaT)表面进行处理;观察了处理前后CaT在聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的分散状况与界面结合。研究了CaT对PVC拉伸性能、冲击性能的影响。结果表明,CaT表面未处理,当其含量为4份时,PVC的缺口冲击强度由2.9kJ/m~2提高至3.6kJ/m~2,拉伸强度略有上升;CaT表面经3%HSt处理后,分散性能变好,改性效果明显,当其含量为4份时,PVC的综合性能最好,其拉伸强度由53.5MPa提高至56.0MPa,缺口冲击强度由2.9kJ/m~2上升至3.7kJ/m~2。CaT表面经2%钛酸酯偶联剂131处理后,界面结合性能明显变好,当其含量为6份时,PVC的综合性能最好,其拉伸强度由53.5MPa上升至57.5MPa左右,缺口冲击强度由2.9kJ/m~2上升至4.05kJ/m~2;扫描电子显微镜发现CaT表面处理后,在PVC中分散更加均匀,界面结合得更好,更大程度发挥了刚性粒子增韧效果。     

智能卡行业中影响卡体黏合强度的因素及化学分析在智能卡制作中的应用

智能卡的加工制作过程是多层塑料薄膜的热压复合过程,其各层之间的黏合强度与制卡用塑料薄膜的相容性、薄膜材料的表面状态和洁净度有关.总结了在热压加工过程中由于各种原因,各层薄膜之间出现的层压不牢现象,并给出了几种常用的相关测试方法.     

Characterizations and electrical conductivity of (poly[vinyl chloride])/(poly[ethylene oxide]) conductive films: The effect of carbon black loading and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether

The effect of carbon black (CB) loading filled (poly[vinyl chloride])/(poly[(ethylene oxide]) (PVC/PEO) conductive films with and without poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) was studied. The PVC/PEO/CB and PVC/PEO/PEGDE/CB conductive films were prepared by a solution casting method. The results indicate that the addition of PEGDE of PVC/PEO/CB/PEGDE conductive films exhibited higher tensile properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability compared with PVC/PEO/CB conductive films. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of PVC/PEO/PEGDE/CB conductive films showed a rough surface and a good distribution of CB on the surface of PVC/PEO/CB conductive films. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum showed that the interaction between the PVC/PEO films and the CB‐PEGDE phase on the surface of the conductive films does not change the functional group of the PVC/PEO/PEDGE/CB conductive films. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:139–146, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Tensile properties,morphology, and electrical conductivity of (Poly[vinyl chloride])/(Poly[ethylene oxide])/Polyaniline conductive films

The effect of polyaniline (PAni) on the tensile properties, electrical conductivity, morphology, and thermal degradation of (poly[vinyl chloride])/(poly[ethylene oxide])/PAni (PVC/PEO/PAni) conductive films was studied. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PVC/PEO/PAni conductive films decreased with an increase in the PAni loading. At high PAni content, the PVC/PEO/PAni conductive films exhibited higher electrical conductivity and thermal stability than lower filler loadings. A scanning electron micrograph morphology study showed that the PAni could significantly improve interaction at the interface of the filler into the PVC/PEO phase. The PVC/PEO/PAni conductive films are known to interact with chemical samples while maintaining good compatibility and good application of conductive polymer for use in gas sensors. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:44–49, 2018. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers