双马改性酚醛树脂的耐热性及热分解动力学研究

采用二笨甲烷型双马来酰亚胺对酚醛树脂进行改性,制备出一种耐热性良好的改性酚醛树脂.采用热重分析法研究了双马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂的热分解动力学,并用Kissinger法、Ozawa法、Crane法计算其热分解动力学参数.结果表明,改性树脂的平均表观活化能为376.144kJ/mol,反应级数为0.940,其热分解分为3个...     

萘酚对环保型酚醛树脂的改性研究

对萘酚改性环保型酚醛树脂(PF)进行了研究,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对改性前后PF的耐磨、耐热性能及力学性能进行了对比.结果表明,改性后的PF耐磨性、耐热性和力学性能均比未改性时有很大程度的提高.萘酚改性的PF可将树脂的质量磨损损失降低54.9%,质量磨损损失率降低56.0%.改性PF的初始失重温度提高70～80℃,可将树脂在600℃时的残余量提高37%.改性后PF的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别比未改性时提高了519.7、360.4 MPa和43.2 kJ/m~2.     

改性沥青树脂及其复合材料的制备及相关性能

以煤沥青为原料、三聚甲醛为交联剂,在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下合成了沥青树脂（COPNA树脂）,通过添加酚醛树脂对其进行了改性;分别以沥青树脂和改性树脂为原料,与石墨混合制备了复合材料。考察了酚醛树脂含量对改性树脂的残炭率、甲苯不溶物含量、喹啉不溶物含量、p树脂含量的影响,以及树脂含量对复合材料的电阻率,肖氏硬度的影响;采用FT—IR和H—NMR研究其反应机理;采用TG研究了沥青树脂和改性树脂的热行为。研究表明,酚醛树脂与沥青树脂可以在一定比例范围内进行复配,在加热混合过程中酚醛树脂与沥青树脂发生化学反应,提高了沥青树脂的耐热性。经酚醛树脂改性的沥青树脂具有更高残炭率、更高β树脂含量和更好耐热性。改性后的树脂复合材料具有更高的电阻率、更高的肖氏硬度和更高的耐磨性。     

改性酚醛树脂对石墨电刷性能的影响

采用原位聚合法合成改性酚醛树脂,并用其制作成树脂石墨电刷.测试电刷试样的烧结收缩率、电阻率、肖氏硬度等性能,研究酚醛树脂改性对电刷性能的影响.结果表明:硼改性酚醛树脂中的B会吸收树脂热分解产生的氧,形成的B2O3能促进制品的烧结,产生收缩,获得密度较高、硬度较大的电刷制品.邻甲酚醛环氧树脂和环氧氯丙烷热分解时会产生比普通酚醛树脂更多的小分子气体,导致试样膨胀更大,甚至开裂,烧结后密度、硬度提高较小;硼酸的加入量对试样的电阻率影响较小,随硼酸含量的增加密度先增加后减小,当硼/酚比为0.35时,密度达到了最大.     

硼-腰果酚改性酚醛树脂的制备及固化动力学

针对酚醛树脂(PF)耐热性和韧性不足的缺点,采用硼、腰果酚对酚醛树脂进行改性,考察了硼酸用量和腰果酚用量等对改性酚醛树脂性能的影响。红外(FT-IR)分析结果表明,硼酸与酚醛树脂中的酚羟基发生了反应,生成了新的交联键。通过热重(TG)分析,结果表明经硼改性的酚醛树脂耐热性能明显提高。通过非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了改性酚醛树脂在不同升温速率下的固化行为,采用Ozawa法和Crane方程建立了改性酚醛树脂的固化动力学模型,确定了其固化工艺参数。     

纳米粒子改性硼酚醛树脂的研究

采用原位生成法对硼酚醛树脂进行了纳米粒子填充改性,研究 了纳米粒子填充改性对树脂分子结构、耐热性、冲击性能和流变性能的影响,结果表明,改性对结构无影响;能显著提高树脂的耐药性;提高起始分解温度约150℃;当填充量为质量分数5％时,用TiO2改性的冲击强度可提高到普通酚醛树脂冲击强度的231％;在8％质量分数时TiO2填充树脂仍有较低的粘度。     

氧化石墨烯改性热固性酚醛树脂的热性能研究

采用原位聚合法和溶液共混法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)改性热固性酚醛树脂,分析GO的加入量和加入方式对酚醛树脂热性能的影响。在原位聚合法制备的改性树脂中,GO的引入使酚醛树脂的Tg略有下降,随着GO加入量的增加,树脂的残碳率和第一阶段的热分解温度先升高后降低;相比于原位聚合法,溶液共混法制备的改性树脂中,树脂的耐热性更佳,GO的分散尺度更小。     

双重改性酚醛树脂的合成及性能研究

以环氧大豆油(ESO)和苯胺对酚醛树脂进行改性,得到分子结构中含有苯并噁嗪环的环氧豆油醚化增韧酚醛树脂预聚体,并通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。采用非等温差示扫描量热法及热重分析法分别对该预聚体的热固化温度及固化产物的耐热性进行了研究。同时研究了环氧大豆油不同添加量对改性树脂的冲击强度及弯曲强度的影响。研究结果表明,改性树脂的固化物失重5%时的温度为323℃,比纯酚醛树脂高80℃左右;而冲击强度在ESO添加量40%时为4.61 kJ/m2,是普通酚醛树脂的3~4倍。     

N-(4-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂的制备与表征

采用N-(4-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺(4-HPM)改性酚醛树脂(PF),改性后PF的耐热性能明显优于传统的热塑性PF。质量分数2%的4-HPM改性PF的热分解温度比纯PF提高104.6℃,冲击强度提高130%。改性PF的固化过程分为两个固化阶段:第一阶段是少量羟甲基的缩合;第二阶段为马来酰亚胺的双键打开进行自交联。     

高浓度甲醛和大豆蛋白改性酚醛树脂的研究

以高浓度甲醛和大豆蛋白制备了改性酚醛树脂,采用核磁共振和动态热机械性能仪器分析了不同大豆蛋白含量对改性酚醛树脂结构和耐热性能的影响。研究结果表明:改性酚醛树脂具有高黏度、高固体含量、高缩聚度和高羟甲基酚含量特点;较普通酚醛树脂,改性酚醛树脂强度性能有所提高,固化起始温度和固化温度也有所降低,但耐热性能基本不变;改性酚醛树脂游离甲醛比较低,有利于酚醛树脂的环保性;此外,大豆蛋白结构的存在增强了酚醛树脂微生物降解性能。     

酚醛/PXDM的结构改性及其耐热性能

对苯酚进行分子设计,使对苯二甲基二甲醚(PXDM)与苯酚在碱性催化剂的作用下发生醚交换反应,生成一种对苯二苯基二甲醚结构,再将其与多聚甲醛在碱性条件下反应制备改性酚醛树脂。采用核磁共振波谱仪,红外光谱仪对改性酚醛树脂的结构进行了表征,并研究了改性剂PXDM的引入对改性酚醛树脂耐热性能的影响。结果表明:成功合成了改性酚醛树脂,且其质量损失5%时的温度及负荷变形温度较普通酚醛树脂分别提高了97.8,46.4℃;经过热老化后,改性酚醛树脂的力学性能损失明显小于普通酚醛树脂,说明改性酚醛树脂具有更优异的耐热性能和良好的热稳定性。     

纳米SiO2改性酚醛树脂结合剂耐热性能的研究

通过使用原位聚合和共混两种方法将纳米SiO2粒子分散到酚醛树脂液中,对不同改性下的纳米SiO2含量树脂的TG-DTA曲线分析,结果表明改性后的树脂的热分解温度有了明显的提高,可作为磨料磨具行业中各种磨具的结合剂使用,可提高磨具的耐热性以及磨削比,具有良好的经济实用性。     

萘酚改性烯丙基化环保型酚醛树脂的合成及研究

分别以环保型PF(酚醛树脂)和萘酚改性环保型PF为母体,成功合成了烯丙基化PF和萘酚改性烯丙基化PF,并制备了萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI(双马来酰亚胺)共聚树脂;然后分别以上述树脂作为基体树脂,制备了玻璃纤维增强型复合材料。结果表明:当基体树脂为萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂时,相应复合材料的冲击强度(321.6 kJ/m2)和弯曲强度(524.1 MPa)比萘酚改性烯丙基化PF基复合材料提高了11.0%和46.3%,比未改性环保型烯丙基化PF基复合材料提高了42.8%和258.2%,说明萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂的增韧效果优于萘酚改性烯丙基化PF;萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂基复合材料的耐热性能优于未改性烯丙基化PF体系,这是因为前者800℃时的残炭率(39.62%)高于后者(10.92%)所致。     

酚醛树脂改性研究的最新进展

着重综述了酚醛树脂的耐热性和韧性改性的研究，其中包括了一些新的改性方法，如用纳米材料改性酚醛树脂的耐热性，用聚砜改性酚醛树脂的韧性。     

Studies on modified phenolic resin. Iv: Properties of phenolic resin modified with 4-hydroxyphenyl- maleimide/n-butylacrylate copolymers

Three 4-hydroxyphenylmaleimide/ n-butylacrylate (HPMI/n-BuA) copolymers with different monomer ratios were synthesized. Their average molecular weights, glass transition temperatures (T,_g), and thermal decomposition temperatures were measured. It was found that these copolymers had higher average molecular weights and higher thermal decomposition temperatures than novolac. Modified phenolic resins were prepared by transfer moulding from moulding compounds consisting of novolac, the copolymer, hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine), and glass fibre. Properties of the three kinds of modified phenolic resins were examined by flexural test, impact test, dynamic thermomechanometry, and observation of morphology. It was found that phenolic resin modified with HPMI/ n-BuA (1/3-6) copolymer and modified with HPMI/n-BuA (1/7-0) copolymer showed good toughness and good heat resistance. It was also found that the heat resistance of modified phenolic resins was improved by after-cure, but the mechanical properties were decreased by after-cure: similar behaviour was observed for unmodified phenolic resin.     

碳纳米管改性酚醛树脂的研究

研究了碳纳米管改性酚醛树脂的制备方法，以及碳纳米管预处理方法和碳纳米管用量对酚醛树脂性能的影响，并用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和热分析仪（TG）测得其微观结构和热性能。结果表明，碳纳米管能显著提高酚醛树脂耐热性。     

Thermal degradation of environmentally friendly phenolic resin/Al2O3 hybrid composite

An environmentally friendly phenolic resin/Al₂O₃ hybrid composite was prepared. Al₂O₃ particles were pretreated with a silcane coupling agent, then the mixture of paraformaldehyde and treated Al₂O₃ was grinded with ball crusher for several hours, and added during the phenolic resin polymerization process, finally got the hybrid composite. The kinetic parameters of thermal degradation were calculated by the methods of Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Crane. The thermal degradation activation energy of environmentally friendly phenolic resin/Al₂O₃ hybrid composite is approximate three times of pure phenolic resin. The results show that the heat resistance is obviously improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

摩擦材料中树脂基体的选用

概述了摩擦材料对树脂基体的性能要求，讨论了硼改性酚醛树脂，三聚氰胺-腰果壳油改性酚醛树脂和开环聚合酚醛树脂的改性方法，并对它们的热性能进行了比较分析，测试了以这三种改性酚醛树脂为基体的摩擦材料的摩擦性能，结果表明，三聚氰胺-腰果壳油改性酚醛树脂为适宜的摩擦材料用基本树脂。     

FRP composites based on different types of glass fibers and matrix resins: A comparative study

Flexural properties, impact energy, heat deflection temperature, and resistance to thermal and hydrothermal degradation of composites based on E-glass and N-glass fibers as the reinforcing agents, and epoxy, unsaturated polyester, phenolic, and epoxy-phenolic resin systems as the matrix materials were studied and compared. As a reinforcing agent E-glass fiber is superior to N-glass fiber, particularly with respect to development of flexural strength and modulus, impact strength, and thermal resistance; N-glass fiber, however, imparts to the composites substantially higher resistance to hydrothermal degradation under boiling conditions in different chemical environments. For use of both E-glass and N-glass fibers as reinforcing agents, the general order of resistance to hydrothermal degradation for the composites based on different matrix resins is epoxy > phenolic > unsaturated polyester resin. Incorporation of a low dose of a rubbery polymer, such as styrene butadiene rubber (0.1–0.2%) and liquid polybutadiene (0.5–0.75%), in unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix resin measurably enhances impact energy of the composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.