槽钢冲缺口模具设计

分析了槽钢零件的结构特点及原生产工艺存在的缺点与不足,介绍了在槽钢上冲缺口的工艺、模具结构及冲模工作过程,使用该冲缺口模具提高了生产效率,满足了产品的质量要求,维修方便,降低了成本,提高了经济效益.     

轧钢加热炉改造

针对轧钢加热炉加热能力不足,炉墙冒火,自动化控制水平落后的情况,对加热炉进行了改造,延长了加热炉的长度,更换了单蓄热式空气烧嘴,并对自动控制系统进行了升级改造,从而消除了炉墙冒火的现象,提高了加热能力和自动控制水平,降低了煤气消耗,取得了良好的经济效益。     

挂钩冲压工艺及模具设计

针对零件结构及使用要求,对其冲压工艺进行了分析,通过利用孔变形补偿法,确定了一种经济性加工工艺方案及零件的毛坯尺寸,设计了实用的模具结构,满足了零件的使用要求,降低了生产成本.     

高速热冲压液压机的研制

提出了研制高速热冲压液压机的必要性,确定了高速热冲压液压机的总体设计方案,详述了此类液压机的液压原理及其应用。该产品的研制成功,给国内热冲压成形工艺的研究提供了高性能的设备,同时提高了液压机的生产效率,降低了液压机的能耗,得到了国内外广大客户的认可。     

基于Web的远程液压传动系统设计模式研究

为实现液压传动系统设计模式的转变以及设计资源、技术资源与产品信息的远程共享,提出了基于Web的远程液压传动系统设计模式,介绍了系统的体系结构,阐述了系统的工作流程,详细介绍了系统的各功能模块,分析了系统实现的关键技术与方法,并对该设计技术的发展趋势提出了展望。     

镁合金熔体防氧化燃烧技术的进展

综述了相关文献,介绍了镁合金氧化燃烧的机制,总结了在熔炼过程中防止镁合金氧化燃烧的各种技术,并对其利弊作了分析,指出了未来发展的方向.     

Ф5500×1800自磨机传动轴端漏油问题的处理

针对自磨机传动轴端漏油的问题,提出了引流回源的导油建议,通过引流回源,彻底解决了漏油的问题,保证了设备的正常运转,减轻了工人的劳动强度,并取得了一定的经济效益.     

导向筒挤压成形工艺及模具设计

探讨了导向筒挤压的可行性,对几种工艺方案进行了分析,选择了最优方案并制定了工艺流程,在此基础上设计了导向筒挤压模具。采用冷挤压工艺加工后,提高了零件精度和表面质量,改善了强度和韧性,减少了切削加工量,节约了原材料,提高了生产效率,也改善了零件的组织性能。     

带内螺纹的望远镜镜身注塑模具设计

分析了望远镜镜身的结构,提出了塑件成型及模具设计的关键点,设计了模具的整体结构。设计了可相对运动的组合式型芯,以增加内抽芯机构的运动空间,通过塑件推出时带动螺纹滑块的移动实现了内侧抽芯。设计了矩形型芯镶块、加工了避空结构,采用螺钉固定,解决了狭小空间安装小型芯的问题,避免了模具干涉。采用了锥面配合,提高了模具的定位精度,减小了配合件的摩擦。经生产验证,该模具生产的塑件质量满足图纸要求。     

床身铸造工艺设计及仿真模拟

研究了床身铸件的铸造工艺方法。比较了几种传统的工艺方案,针对床身铸件导轨长而厚大、壁厚较薄,内腔结构复杂的特点,采用平做立浇工艺。结果表明,该工艺降低了造型高度,简化了模样制作,方便了内腔型芯的制作和安放,同时将导轨部位放置在下型,保证了导轨的质量。在设计中按大孔出流理论设计浇注系统,保证了足够的流速,在导轨的端部设计了独特的阻流和过渡浇口,减少了紊流,改善了热平衡条件。通过对基本工艺的仿真模拟,分析了工艺的可行性,确定了整套完整、合理的工艺方案。     

水钢100 t转炉出钢过程回磷分析与实践

转炉出钢过程常伴有钢水回磷现象,导致钢水磷含量上升甚至出格,影响钢材成品质量和经济技术指标。为有效控制转炉出钢过程回磷,通过现场取样、数据采集、模拟试验及FactSage软件分析了出钢过程钢水回磷机理,研究探讨了渣中FeO、SiO₂、出钢温度、钢包渣碱度对回磷的影响。研究结果表明,出钢过程下渣,渣中FeO含量与出钢温度过高,钢包渣SiO₂含量与碱度不在合适范围均会增大钢水回磷率,最高达41%。结合水钢生产实践,出钢温度控制为1 625~1 640 ℃、转炉终渣FeO质量分数为15%、钢包渣碱度为3.6~4.1、控制含硅合金加入、控制出钢过程下渣量的条件下,可高效调节出钢过程回磷,将回磷率降低至15%以下。通过控制出钢温度、终渣FeO、碱度等,可有效降低因下渣导致的回磷。     

极地海洋环境服役材料的摩擦学研究进展

随着北极航行的发展及极地资源开发的需要，如何提高极地海洋环境服役材料的摩擦学性能愈发重要。在极地海洋环境中，碎冰、冰层和海水中的腐蚀性物质会使材料受到摩擦磨损、腐蚀及其耦合的影响;低温潮湿环境会增加材料的脆性、使材料表面覆冰、改变材料的摩擦磨损机理;强紫外线会加速涂层老化;这些因素都会降低材料的耐磨性能，最终导致材料失效。因此，极地海洋环境服役材料的摩擦学与材料的性能、服役寿命息息相关。本文介绍了极地探索所面临的摩擦磨损问题;阐述了极地温度、极地海洋大气及海水成分、海冰运动和极地微生物等极地海洋环境特点及其对材料摩擦学性能的影响;重点介绍了金属材料、无机非金属材料、高分子材料在极地海洋环境下的摩擦学进展;探讨了提升材料在极地海洋环境下的耐磨防腐技术，如改性、表面修饰等;最后，结合极地海洋环境服役材料摩擦磨损研究中所面临的问题及发展趋势，对未来极地海洋服役材料的摩擦学研究工作进行展望。     

精密检测在轧机牌坊空间位置测量中的应用

轧机在长期使用中机架牌坊内各窗口接触面、机架底面均会产生不同程度的腐蚀和磨损,使机架与轧辊轴承座间隙逐渐增大,加剧牌坊衬板的磨损,不能保证牌坊的窗口尺寸,从而不能保证轧机的功能精度。通过对轧机设备进行高精度的空间位置检测,可以撑握轧机的位置参数,为保证轧机功能精度提供强有力的数据支撑,以便更有针对性地对轧机进行维护、维修,保证轧机的稳定运行。以某1 580 mm热轧板带生产线精轧机组设备空间位置测量为实例,详细介绍了采用全站仪和激光跟踪仪进行测量的准备工作、注意事项、施工步骤、数据分析及调整结果,有助于该技术的推广应用。     

德育的现代转型刍议

我国改革开放的迅猛发展,要求德育实现从传统向现代的转型。这种转型因其受到国情,民情,社情,世情的制约,会很艰难,但当前大学生“三德”匮乏的现实增强了转型的紧迫感。改革传统的德育体制应首先从注重人格教育,公民教育,精英教育入手。     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Modeling of Microstructure and Microsegregation in Solidification of Multi-Component Alloys

Driven by industrial demand, extensive efforts have been made to investigate microstructure evolution and microsegregation development during solidification of multicomponent alloys. This paper briefly reviews the recent progress in modeling of microstructures and microsegregation in solidification of multicomponent alloys using various models including micromodel, phase field, front tracking, and cellular automaton approaches. A two-dimensional modified cellular automaton (MCA) model coupled with phase diagram software PanEngine is presented for the prediction of microstructures and microsegregation in the solidification of ternary alloys. The model adopts MCA technique to simulate dendritic growth. The thermodynamic data needed for determining the dynamics of dendritic growth are calculated with PanEngine. After validating the model by comparing the simulated values with the prediction of the Scheil model for solute profiles in the primary dendrites as a function of solid fraction, the model was applied to simulate the microstructure and microsegregation in the solidification of Al-rich ternary alloys. The simulation results demonstrate the capabilities of the present model not only to simulate realistic dendrite morphologies, but also to predict quantitatively the microsegregation profiles in the solidification of multi-component alloys. This article was presented at the Multi-Component Alloy Thermodynamics Symposium sponsored by the Alloy Phase Committee of the joint EMPMD/SMD of The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS), held in San Antonio, Texas, March 12-16, 2006, to honor the 2006 William Hume-Rothery Award recipient, Professor W. Alan Oates of the University of Salford, UK. The symposium was organized by Y. Austin Chang of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Patrice Turchi of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer of the Technische Universitat Clausthal, Clauthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.     

棒材高精度轧制工艺与实践

针对酒钢棒材生产线圆钢产品尺寸精度符合GB/T 702—2017标准要求,但不能满足用户的高尺寸精度要求的问题,结合该产线设备布置情况,分析了影响棒材产品尺寸精度的因素,即孔型设计不合理,轧机、轧辊装配加工精度控制不严,轧制过程未消除张力,以及操作调整水平较低。为此,通过优化设计成品孔型、重新分配精轧机组压下量、提高孔型加工及精轧机组轧机装配精度、优化导卫与活套等措施,明显提高了棒材产品的尺寸精度,生产的φ22 mm棒材不圆度不超过0.20 mm。     

铝合金微弧氧化的研究进展

综述了微弧氧化技术的发展历程、成膜机理,论述了铝合金微弧氧化的特点。基于铝合金微弧氧化工艺研究现状,详细阐述了氧化时间、占空比、电压、电流密度、电解液浓度、基体粗糙度、纳米颗粒添加剂以及复合工艺等对铝合金微弧氧化膜层的组织与性能的影响。如电流密度会影响涂层的生长机理,使膜层的表面结构和内部缺陷产生较大的差异;采用不同的电解液所得到的膜层的厚度和粗糙度有明显的区别;在不同的电压参数下膜层的均匀性及膜层中微孔的尺寸大不相同;制备微弧氧化复合涂层以及采用纳米增强颗粒可使膜层的结构和性能有大幅提升。通过改变以上影响因素对铝合金微弧氧化膜层组织和结构加以调控,从而实现了对膜层性能的优化,如膜层的硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、抗疲劳性能的提高。最后对铝合金微弧氧化的发展方向提出了展望。     

Atomistic Modeling of Multicomponent Systems

The need to accelerate materials design programs based on economical and efficient modeling techniques provides the framework for the introduction of approximations in otherwise rigorous theoretical schemes. Several quantum approximate methods have been introduced through the years, bringing new opportunities for the efficient understanding of complex multicomponent alloys at the atomic level. As a promising example of the role that these methods might have in the development of complex systems, in this work we discuss the Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys and its application to a variety of multicomponent systems for a detailed analysis of their defect and phase structure and their properties. Examples include the study of the phase structure of new Ru-rich Ni-base superalloys, the role of multiple alloying additions in high temperature intermetallic alloys, and interfacial phenomena in nuclear materials, highlighting the benefits that can be obtained from introducing simple modeling techniques to the investigation of complex systems. This article was presented at the Multi-Component Alloy Thermodynamics Symposium sponsored by the Alloy Phase Committee of the joint EMPMD/SMD of The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS), held in San Antonio, Texas, March 12-16, 2006, to honor the 2006 William Hume-Rothery Award recipient, Professor W. Alan Oates of the University of Salford, UK. The symposium was organized by Y. Austin Chang of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Patrice Turchi of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer of the Technische Universitat Clausthal, Clauthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.     

钢筋混凝土中钢筋锈蚀与防护研究概况

为了对进一步研究钢筋混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与防护提供参考,本文通过查阅相关文献,对钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土力学特性的影响、钢筋锈蚀的影响因素、钢筋锈蚀的检测与评定方法以及钢筋锈蚀的防护与修复技术进行了论述。结果表明,钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土力学特性的影响有三个方面;氯化物、混凝土碳化、硫酸盐、水和氧气、环境温度、混凝土裂缝是影响钢筋锈蚀的因素;钢筋锈蚀的检测与评定方法有电位图法、电位梯度法、交流阻抗法、恒电流脉冲法、极化曲线法、线性极化法、光纤监测法。指出完善混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的智能检测方法,建立更符合工程实际的混凝土结构失效评估指标体系,研究具有实际应用价值的混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的防护方法及混凝土中已锈蚀钢筋的修复方法是今后研究的发展方向。