三异丙醇胺对复合硅酸盐水泥的增强效果研究

通过试验研究了三异丙醇胺（TIPA）对掺矿渣粉、石灰石及粉煤灰的复合硅酸盐水泥的增强效果。结果表明,复合硅酸盐水泥的强度与混合材“矿渣粉-石灰石-粉煤灰”的组成密切相关,TIPA对复合硅酸盐水泥的增强效果也因混合材不同而存在一定的差别。对大部分复合硅酸盐水泥而言,TIPA的早强作用不明显,后强作用比较明显。粉煤灰掺量较高时,TIPA的增强效果较为突出;矿渣粉含量较高时,增强效果较弱。     

几种水泥助磨剂对粉煤灰水泥性能的影响

本文就三种水泥助磨剂-三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺和自制助磨剂对粉煤灰水泥性能的影响进行了实验探讨,对生产实践提供了参考.实验分别将三乙醇胺(TEA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)及实验室自制的自制助磨剂以0.03％～0.08％的不同比例添加到粉煤灰水泥中,通过胶砂实验测试水泥强度并结合XRD和SEM表征,分析三乙醇胺,三异丙醇胺和实验室自制助磨剂对水泥水化过程的影响.结果表明:三种助磨剂都对粉煤灰水泥有很好的增强作用,TEA增强主要表现在后期28 d,胶砂实验的水泥试块抗压强度提高了26.8％到33.4％;TIPA增强作用主要表现在前期3d,胶砂实验的水泥试块抗压强度提高了7.1％到22.2％;自制助磨剂早期3d和后期28 d增强效果都明显,胶砂实验的水泥试块3d抗压强度提高了4.6％到8.6％,28 d强度提高了24.4％到30.4％.XRD和SEM研究显示各助磨剂增强机理并不一样.     

三乙醇胺对水泥-粉煤灰体系水化进程与强度的影响机制

为掌握三乙醇胺(TEA)水泥-粉煤灰体系水化与强度的影响规律及其机理,促进粉煤灰的有效利用,采用等温量热法测试分析了不同温度条件下TEA对水泥-粉煤灰体系水化放热行为和体系活化能的变化,通过热重和X射线衍射分析了掺TEA水泥-粉煤灰体系的物相组成及其变化,研究了TEA对水泥-粉煤灰体系水化进程和强度的影响规律.结果 表明,TEA和温度均水泥-粉煤灰体系水化放热和强度发展存在较大影响.TEA提高了粉煤灰在72 h内的反应热,促进了水泥-粉煤灰体系早期的水化放热,并且在高温下更加明显,水泥-粉煤灰体系活化能随着TEA掺量增加而降低,TEA对水泥熟料矿物铝酸三钙(C3A)、硅酸三钙(C3S)和硅酸二钙(C2S)在不同龄期内的水化进程影响不同,TEA在早期对C3A熟料的水化具有明显的促进作用,而对C3S和C2S的水化则有延缓作用.     

一乙醇二异丙醇胺对水泥性能的影响试验研究

研究了一乙醇二异丙醇胺（EDIPA）对水泥性能的影响，结果表明：EDIPA在水泥增强和助磨方面的促进作用与TEA、TIPA、DEPA类似，显著提高了水泥28 d抗压强度，增强效果优于TIPA；助磨剂复配中EDIPA掺加比例建议在0.012%～0.014%，搭配其他增加早期强度的原材料使用经济成本相对合算；助磨性能方面略优于TEA、TIPA、DEPA。     

陶瓷抛光砖粉与水泥熟料的相互作用

通过化学结合水量和水化热的测定,研究陶瓷抛光砖粉与水泥熟料的相互作用,并将之与粉煤灰对比.结果表明:陶瓷抛光砖粉的掺入降低了复合胶凝材料的总水化程度,但促进了复合胶凝材料中水泥熟料的水化;以相同掺量取代水泥熟料,掺抛光砖粉可明显促进水化样早期水化,降低水化热,至水化后期这种促进作用有所降低.在最佳掺量约30％的条件下,抛光砖粉对水泥熟料水化反应的促进作用明显,此时熟料水化程度最高,表现为等效结合水量值最大.掺粉煤灰对水化样的早期水化促进作用不明显,但至水化后期会加速水化.粉煤灰掺量越大,粉煤灰自身的反应程度越低,水泥水化的程度越高.     

链烷醇胺对水泥水化过程及性能的影响

链烷醇胺是水泥化学添加剂的重要化学组分之一,典型的如三乙醇胺(TEA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)、二乙醇单异丙醇胺(DEIPA)等。本文综述了链烷醇胺的基本性质和其对硅酸盐水泥的水化反应过程及性能的影响,探讨了TEA、TIPA及DEIPA对硅酸盐水泥水化作用过程及影响机理。     

氨基三元醇对钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系水化的影响

为探讨不同分子结构氨基三元醇(ATA)对钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系水化的影响,采用胶砂强度和水化热测试、X射线衍射、热重–差示扫描量热分析和扫描电子显微镜观察,研究了三乙醇胺(TEA)、二乙醇单异丙醇胺(DEIPA)和三异丙醇胺(TIPA)对钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系的力学性能和水化特性的影响。结果表明:3种不同分子结构的ATA不同程度提高了钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系抗压强度;在相同掺量下,3种不同分子结构的ATA对钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系的强度影响规律与ATA分子结构中含有的甲基数量相关,影响大小顺序为:TEA、DEIPA、TIPA。在掺量为0.03%时,ATA对复合体系的增强效果最显著。这是由于ATA提高了复合胶凝材料中钢渣–矿渣复合胶凝体系的水化速率,促进了钢渣和矿渣的水化,消耗了氢氧化钙并形成了更加致密的基体结构。     

三异丙醇胺对石灰石硅酸盐水泥的水化机理及微观结构的影响

通过水泥净浆和砂浆强度试验、测量水化热、硬化水泥浆体的热分析、微观结构的扫描电镜观察和孔结构的测量,研究了三异丙醇胺（triisopropanolamine,TIPA）对石灰石硅酸盐水泥强度、水化过程和硬化水泥浆体的微观结构的影响。结果表明：掺加TIPA能够显著提高石灰石硅酸盐水泥净浆和砂浆的后期强度;TIPA对C4A...     

补偿收缩混凝土的自收缩特性

通过对比掺与不掺膨胀剂的混凝土的早期自收缩及其胶凝材料体系的水化热和化学结合水量发展规律,研究了膨胀剂对低水胶比混凝土自收缩的补偿作用效果。结果表明:8%掺量(质量分数)的钙矾石系膨胀剂(U型)对硅酸盐水泥混凝土和粉煤灰混凝土的自收缩有一定程度的补偿效果,而对矿渣混凝土的自收缩没有补偿。在较早期,膨胀剂促进复合胶凝材料的水化,在后期,膨胀剂也促进了矿渣–水泥体系的水化,其总放热量和化学结合水量均高于未掺膨胀剂的,但抑制了硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰–水泥体系的正常水化,使其水化放热速率降低,总放热量和化学结合水量减小。     

醇胺类物质对A矿水化的影响

通过化学结合水分析、水化热分析和DTA-TG分析,研究了三乙醇胺(TEA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)和乙二醇对A矿水化的影响。研究结果表明,TEA、TIPA和乙二醇使A矿28d以前龄期的化学结合水量提高,水化热增加,水化速率加快,对A矿水化的促进作用为TEATIPA乙二醇;28d及其以后的龄期水化率和空白样接近。     

Effect of organic alkali on hydration of GGBS-FA blended cementitious material activated by sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate (SC) activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA) is a potential substitute of traditional cement with ultra-low carbon footprint. However, its hydration rate and strength growth are limited, owing to the slow leaching of ions during the activation of weak base. In this work, 60% wet-grinded GGBS and 40% FA were blended as the binder, and two organic alkalis, i.e. triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), were adopted to facilitate the ions dissolution and pozzolanic reaction of SC activated GGBS-FA blended cementitious material (SCSF). The compressive strength was tested and the hydration kinetics was studied by hydration heat and chemical shrinkage. Besides, ions leaching behavior was characterized by ICP; hydrates and microstructure were also detected by XRD, TG-DTG and SEM. Results indicated that the addition of TEA or TIPA significantly promoted the ions dissolution. 0.05% TEA increased the concentration of leached Ca²⁺, Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ by 36%, 33% and 1545%, respectively. This solubilizing effect was also found in TIPA. Moreover, these two chemicals could promote the formation of hydrates, such as C-S(A)-H gel, hydrotalcite, calcite and aragonite, especially at the early period; these also activated the hydration process of SCSF effectively, and the compressive strength of the mortar reached above 40.0 MPa at 7 d and 48.0 MPa at 28 d. The carbon emission of the designed system is 85.9% and 55.9% lower than that of PC and strong base activated GGBS system, respectively.     

Effect of TEA on fly ash solubility and early age strength of mortar

The investigations focused on the dissolution behaviour of fly ash in alkaline solution and the effect of triethanolamine (TEA) addition. TEA is known as a grinding aid in cement production and is an Al and Fe chelating agent. To determine the effect of TEA on the dissolution behaviour of fly ash constituents, fly ash was mixed with a KOH solution at pH 13 and different dosages of TEA. Samples were taken after different times and analysed by ICP-OES. The effect of TEA on the heat evolution rates of fly ash cement pastes was investigated using isothermal calorimetry. Strength tests were also conducted to investigate the effect of TEA on plain Portland cement and fly ash/cement mortars. TEA was found to increase the dissolution rate of Al, Ca and Fe from fly ash. A slight, but reproducible, effect on heat evolution rates and an increase in early age strength was observed for fly ash cements.     

Utilization of fly ash coming from a CFBC boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke in Portland cement

Fly ash coming from a circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke (CFBC fly ash) is very different from coal ash from traditional pulverized fuel firing due to many differences in their combustion processes, and thus they have different effects on the properties of Portland cement. The influences of CFBC fly ash on the strength, setting time, volume stability, water requirement for normal consistency, and hydration products of Portland cement were investigated. The results showed that CFBC fly ash had a little effect on the strength of the Portland cement when its content was below 20%, but the strength decreased significantly if the ash content was over 20%. The water requirement for normal consistency of cement increased from 1.8% to 3.2% (absolute increment value) with an addition of 10% CFBC fly ash; and the free lime (f-CaO) content of CFBC fly ash affected the value of increasing. The setting time decreased with an increase of CFBC fly ash content. The volume stability of the cement was qualified even when the content of SO₃ and f-CaO reached 4.48% and 3.0% in cement, respectively. The main hydration productions of cement with CFBC fly ash were C-S-H (hydrated calcium silicate), AFt (ettringite), and portlandite.     

掺粉煤灰和矿粉对混凝土开裂性能的影响

选用粉煤灰、矿粉作为掺合料以单掺和复掺的形式掺入到硅酸盐水泥混凝土中,检测其坍落度和3d、28d抗压强度以及早期抗开裂性能。研究结果表明:矿粉、粉煤灰均会降低混凝土3d强度,矿粉可以提高混凝土28d强度,粉煤灰掺量过大会降低混凝土28d强度。随着矿粉掺量的增加,混凝土坍落度随之降低,粉煤灰刚加入时会使混凝土坍落度降低,但是随着掺量的升高,坍落度会逐渐增大;开裂方面:单掺时,粉煤灰与矿粉都在掺量为37%时,抗开裂效果最佳,其中粉煤灰效果最好,复掺时,随着矿粉相对掺量的变大,裂缝的面积和数目都在增大。     

三乙醇胺助磨剂对蔗渣灰颗粒特性及蔗渣灰砂浆性能的影响

为研究不同质量掺量三乙醇胺(TEA)作助磨剂对蔗渣灰颗粒特性的影响,通过方孔筛筛余量、粒径分布、比表面积和颗粒形貌测试对蔗渣灰颗粒特性进行表征,研究蔗渣灰颗粒特性对蔗渣灰砂浆强度及抗氯盐侵蚀性的影响。结果表明,TEA可优化蔗渣灰颗粒粒径分布,在最佳质量掺量0.08%条件下,＜32 μm的颗粒占比增加8.2个百分点,比表面积可提升至5.503 5 m²/g,颗粒形貌更趋于圆球状。同时,蔗渣灰砂浆的强度和抗氯盐侵蚀性能随着TEA掺量的增加呈现先增后降的变化规律,TEA在0.08%(质量分数)最佳掺量时,蔗渣灰砂浆的抗压强度相比于普通水泥砂浆提升19.88%,氯离子扩散系数下降79.63%。通过X射线衍射和压汞孔分析测试揭示了蔗渣灰颗粒特性对蔗渣灰砂浆性能的影响机理,研究表明:经过TEA助磨剂优化后的蔗渣灰火山灰反应活性得到提升,蔗渣灰砂浆基体中生成更多水化产物,提高了密实度;优化后的蔗渣灰颗粒充分发挥了填充效应,降低蔗渣灰砂浆的孔隙率,提高了蔗渣灰砂浆的强度和抗氯盐侵蚀性能。     

低等级粉煤灰的活化处理与应用技术研究

采用物理活化 (机械磨细 )与化学活化 (加复合化学激发剂 )相结合的高效复合活化技术对低等级粉煤灰进行活化处理 ,可得到高活性粉煤灰。该粉煤灰可用于生产高掺量粉煤灰水泥、各种免烧的高强新型绿色墙体材料与地面材料以及配制中低强度等级高掺量粉煤灰混凝土等。     

The leachability of heavy metals in hardened fly ash cement and cement-solidified fly ash

The effect of mix proportion, leachant pH, curing age, carbonation and specimen making method etc. on the leaching of heavy metals and Cr(VI) in fly ash cement mortars and cement-solidified fly ashes has been investigated. In addition, a method for reducing the leaching of Cr(VI) from cement-solidified fly ashes is proposed. The results mainly indicate that: (1) either Portland cement or fly ash contains a certain amount of heavy and toxic metals, and the leaching of them from hardened fly ash incorporated specimens exists and is increased with fly ash addition and water to cement ratio; (2) the leachability of some heavy metals is greatly dependent on leachant pH; (3) when carbonation of cement mortars occurs the leaching of chromium ions is increased; (4) the amount of heavy metals leached from cement-solidified fly ashes depends more on the kind of fly ash than their contents in fly ash; and (5) with ground granulated blast furnace slag addition, the leaching of Cr(VI) from solidified fly ashes is decreased.     

Durability of biomass fly ash concrete: Freezing and thawing and rapid chloride permeability tests

Strict interpretation of ASTM C 618 excludes non-coal fly ashes, such as biomass fly ashes from addition in concrete. Biomass fly ash in this investigation includes (1) cofired fly ash from burning biomass with coal; (2) wood fly ash and (3) blended fly ash (wood fly ash mixing with coal fly ash). A set of experiments conducted on concrete from pure cement and cement with fly ash provide basic data to assess the effects of several biomass fly ashes on the performances of freezing and thawing (F-T) and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). The F-T tests indicate that all fly ash concrete has statistically equal or less weight loss than the pure cement concrete (control). The RCPT illustrate that all kinds of fly ash concrete have lower chloride permeability than the pure cement control concrete.     

原状粉煤灰对超高性能混凝土性能的影响

为提高粉煤灰的综合利用率,降低原料成本,采用未经磨细和分选的原状粉煤灰等质量替代硅灰来制备超高性能混凝土(UHPC),并研究了不同掺量的原状粉煤灰对UHPC力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明:原状粉煤灰的掺入可使UHPC中胶凝材料的粒度呈梯度分布,形成良好的微级配;并且使新拌混凝土的流动度增大,影响了钢纤维在UHPC基体中的分布;当原状粉煤灰掺重不超过30%时,UHPC抗折强度随着原状粉煤灰掺量的增加呈现不同程度的增长,30%原状粉煤灰掺量的UHPC抗折强度与不掺粉煤灰的空白样相比提高了34%;由于原状粉煤灰水化缓慢,当原状粉煤灰掺量在0%~40%时,UHPC抗压强度随着原状粉煤灰掺量的增加有所下降。孔结构分析表明:UHPC的平均孔径以及总孔体积均随着原状粉煤灰的掺入而减小,基体更加密实;当原状粉煤灰掺量为30%时,SEM照片显示钢纤维与UHPC基体结合紧密,界面黏结增强。