实验室橡胶小料称量装置的设计

通过对实验室橡胶小料称量装置的设计,包括对称量盘、开口容器、导料口及倾料口等的设计,解决了在实验室对多种橡胶小料的称量、初混及储存,大大节省了其它称量工具的使用,降低环境污染,减少物料损耗,提高称量精度及工作效率;通过对物料进行初混和集中导出,减少后续的混炼时间,降低胶料焦烧的可能性,提高混炼胶的质量;同时可配合混炼工序的进程,对小料进行适当的保存待用。     

Control of A Fully Automated Ozone Application System

A fully automated system is controlling a two-stage ozonation system treating 140 × 10³ m3/h (6.4 mgd) of potable water in a full-scale water treatment plant. A supervisory computer has a data communications path to each of six ozone generators and a direct link to the ozone destruct system. Total ozone requirement is calculated, the most power-efficient equipment configuration is selectedt and the flow of ozone to each contactor is controlled. Inaddition, graphic display ofequipment status and process variables is provided system events are logged, and strip charts and reports are produced.     

Extraction of Anthocyanins Using a Laboratory Robot and Innovative Extraction Technologies

Solid‐liquid extraction using a laboratory robot, where anthocyanins are leached from dried red vine leaves, is evaluated with respect to precision and accuracy. The solid handling of the robot results in standard deviations between ± 0.6 and ± 1.8 depending on the particle size. For liquid handling the standard deviations are slightly higher depending on the volatility of the solvents. The validated, fully automated natural plant extraction robot achieves varying yields based on dry matter for methanol, water, and ethanol which are improved with increasing particle size. Manually performed extraction kinetics experiments are compared with the robot. With respect to process intensification, a comparison of yields obtained by microwave‐ and ultrasonic‐supported extraction compared to laboratory robot shaking and stirred single‐stage batch experiments was performed.     

高效液相色谱法测定草酸艾司西酞普兰中的有关物质

建立了草酸艾司西酞普兰中有关物质测定的高效液相色谱测定方法。采用高效液相色谱法,用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾（0.5%三乙胺,用磷酸调节pH至4.0）—甲醇（45∶55）为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为240 nm;柱温：25℃。草酸艾司西酞普兰与各杂质分离良好,最低检测限为5 ng。该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高、专属性好,可用于草酸艾司西酞普兰原料有关物质的检查。     

热脱附-气相色谱法测定环境空气中的微量乙酸

以Chromosorb106吸附管吸附环境空气中的微量乙酸，样品经自动热脱附仪解吸，用HP-20M色谱柱分离，氢火焰离子器检测，方法最低检出浓度为0．10mg／m^3，相对标准差为5％以下，加标回收率在86～105％之间。方法操作简便、快逮，适用于环境空气中微量乙酸的监测。     

注入水对地层油高压物性影响实验研究

为揭示注入水对地层油高压物性的影响规律,采用从油田获取的油、气、水样品,开展了不同含水百分比条件下地层流体高压物性模拟实验。结果表明:随着水或聚合物溶液的注入,模拟地层油的饱和压力和溶解气油比都降低,且降低的幅度随含水百分比的增大而增大。当含水百分比为80%时,注水使模拟地层油的饱和压力降低10.33%、溶解气油比减小16.00%,注聚合物溶液使模拟地层油的饱和压力降低8.75%、溶解气油比减小12.93%。不同含水百分比条件下,注水时气水比平均值为2.09 cm3/g,注聚时气水比平均值为2.01 cm3/g。注入水进入油藏与地层油充分接触后会从油相夺取部分气体成为含气水。     

离子液体作为气相色谱固定相的参数测定

将疏水性离子液体[BMIM]PF6用于气相色谱固定相中,检测分离环己烷、甲苯、邻二甲苯混合有机溶剂,并与邻苯二甲酸二壬酯填充柱对这3种物质的分离效果进行比较。实验结果表明：邻苯二甲酸二壬酯柱虽然也能将这3种物质分开,但各物质出峰太慢、保留时间长、峰高太低,而疏水性离子液体[BMIM]PF6柱对这3种物质有很好的分离效果,各物质保留时间缩短、峰高增强,由此得出离子液体作为气相色谱固定相对分离这类有机物的优势。     

壳聚糖改性膨润土处理实验室废水的研究

利用脱乙酰度为90％、浓度为0．5％的壳聚糖溶液对膨润土进行改性,制备了壳聚糖改性膨润土,并应用于实验室废水,对水处理影响因素进行了优化,在pH=6、投加量为1．2g／mE,搅拌时间分别为10、12rain条件下,改性后膨润土对实验室     

气体搅拌的萃取塔气—液—液系统流体力学性能和传质特性

１引言采用机械搅拌的萃取塔已广泛地应用在石油和化学工业生产中。近年来,一些研究学者又开发了用气体进行搅拌的萃取过程［１～３］,与机械搅拌相比,采用气体搅拌具有塔内无运动部件、操作稳定、结构简单、能耗低等特点,无疑给操作带来方便。如果在塔内装入静态混合...     

全贫液、半贫液低温甲醇洗工艺技术比较

系统分析比较了全贫液低温甲醇洗吸收流程与半贫液低温甲醇洗吸收流程之间的流程设置特点、关键运行参数、消耗、技术经济指标,得出2种流程的优势和劣势。低温甲醇洗工艺吸收流程的选择需综合考虑能耗、装置规模和投资、可操作性等因素。全贫液低温甲醇洗流程适合中、小规模的合成气装置,半贫液低温甲醇洗流程适合中、大规模的合成气装置。     

气相色谱法测定石脑油中甲醇的质量分数

针对石脑油中w（甲醇）的不同,分别建立了气相色谱分析方法.石脑油中常量w（甲醇）的测定,采用《石脑油单体烃组成的测定方法》,利用HP-PONA专用色谱柱直接进样在气相色谱中分析;保留指数定性,面积归一定量;石脑油中微量w（甲醇）的测定,采取用水等体积萃取的方法,将甲醇从石脑油中萃取出来,取水相在气相色谱中利用聚乙二醇色谱柱进行分离,外标法定量,检出限＜ 1.0 mg/kg.采取以上2种气相色谱分析方法,测定石脑油中不同的w（甲醇）,操作方法简便易行,结果准确,取代了需特殊配置的多阀双柱气相色谱仪的分析方法.     

Comparing Anode Gas Recirculation with Hydrogen Purge and Bleed in a Novel PEMFC Laboratory Test Cell Configuration

In automotive‐type polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems, impurities and inert gases accumulate in the anode gas recirculation loop. Therefore, the impurity limits, dictated by the current hydrogen fuel specification (ISO 14687‐2:2012), also require quantification with representative fuel cell test systems applying anode gas recirculation, that enables high fuel utilization rates and accumulation of impurities.We report a novel PEMFC laboratory test cell configuration mimicking automotive conditions. This setup enabled comparison of two operation modes, hydrogen bleed and purge, within 84.4%–98.6% fuel utilizations. The results indicate that similar enrichment dynamics apply to both bleed and purge modes.The configuration employed a membrane dryer to circumvent the 60 °C limit of commercially available recirculation pumps. The membrane dryer allows heat and humidity extraction from the anode exit gas stream, enabling the adoption of conventional recirculation pumps, minimizing water condensation, and making sampling with on‐line gas analysis instruments easier. The results show that anode gas recirculation systems with hydrogen bleed can be implemented in conventional test stations by resorting to commercially available recirculation pumps. This enables realistic and cost‐effective determination of impurity effects for fuel cell system development and new hydrogen fuel standards.     

Gas Absorption with or without Chemical Reaction in a Falling Liquid Film

Model equations describing the absorption of gas in a liquid film falling down a vertical wall were solved for the case of zero, first, and second order reaction by the method of backward implicit finite difference numerical scheme. The concentration profiles thus obtained were used to evaluate absorption rates and enhancement factors for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The predicted results were compared with published literature to confirm the validity of the model. Effect of interfacial drag on gas absorption with chemical reaction was also studied. The results indicated that shear stress increases the rate of absorption in case of cocurrent flow and vice versa for countercurrent condition.     

循环流动液相微萃取色谱法分析废水中酚类化合物

将循环流动液相微萃取（CFME）和气相色谱-氢火焰离子检测器（GC—FID）相结合,对废水中酚类化合物进行了分析,对影响CFME的因素进行了条件优化,并与国家标准进行了对比。结果表明,优化后的CFME法与国家标准有很好的线性关系,具有操作简单、成本低廉、快速准确的优点。     

Determination of Fecal Sterols Following a Diet with and without Plant Sterols

The aim of this study was to develop a method for neutral fecal sterols determination in subjects receiving a normal diet with or without a plant sterols-enriched beverage using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sample preparation conditions (homogenization of lyophilized feces with water) were evaluated. Sterol determination required direct hot saponification, unsaponifiable extraction with hexane, and the formation of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives. The method allows the quantification of cholesterol, plant sterols and their metabolites (coprostanol, coprostanone, cholestanol, cholestanone, methylcoprostanol, methylcoprostanone, ethylcoprostenol, stigmastenol, ethylcoprostanol and ethylcoprostanone). Good linearity was obtained (r > 0.96) and interference was only observed for coprostanone, where the standard addition method proved necessary for quantification. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.10 to 3.88 µg/g dry feces and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 0.34 to 12.94 µg/g dry feces. Intra- and inter-assay precision (RSD %) were 0.9–9.2 and 2.1–11.3, respectively. Accuracy, expressed as percentage recovery (80–119%) was obtained for all determined sterols.     

负载Ag~+ D72树脂色谱柱分离纯化花生四烯酸工艺的建立

目的建立负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱分离纯化花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid,AA或ARA)的工艺。方法采用负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱对微生物油脂中的ARA进行分离纯化,确定最佳分离纯化参数,利用气相色谱法检测ARA的含量。结果负载Ag+D72树脂的最大饱和吸附量约为9 mg/g干树脂,在吸附温度0℃、不饱和脂肪酸甲酯上样质量浓度5 mg/ml,5%丙酮正己烷溶液(体积比)洗脱、解吸温度30℃、洗脱流速2 ml/min的条件下,ARA的纯度达89.4%,收率达79.3%。结论负载Ag+D72树脂色谱柱可有效分离纯化微生物油脂中的ARA,为进一步生产高纯度的ARA,进而规模化生产ARA产品提供了参考。     

多柱串联色谱法分析炼厂气组分

主要介绍了采用四柱串联色谱法和三阀自动切换系统分析炼厂气组分的方法，并且做了大量的实验，实验表明此方法简便，快速，灵敏度高，并具有较好的精密度与准确度，是一种分析炼厂气组分的理想方法。     

Numerical Simulation of Gas‐Liquid Flow in a Stirred Tank with Swirl Modification

Although the standard k‐? model is most frequently used for turbulence modeling, it often leads to poor results for strongly swirling flows involved in stirred tanks and other processing devices. In this work, a swirling number, R_S, is introduced to modify the standard k‐? model. A Eulerian‐Eulerian model is employed to describe the gas‐liquid, two‐phase flow in a baffled stirred tank with a Rushton impeller. The momentum and the continuity equations are discretized using the finite difference method and solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The inner‐outer iterative algorithm is used to account for the interaction between the rotating impeller and the static baffles. The predictions, both with and without R_S corrections, are compared with the literature data, which illustrates that the swirling modification could improve the numerical simulation of gas‐liquid turbulent flow in stirred tanks.     

高效液相色谱法测定二苯硫脲含量

建立了外标法分析对称二苯硫脲含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。色谱柱为菲罗门Hydro-RP柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,4μm）;流动相为甲醇-水混合溶液;检测波长：272 nm;流速：0.8 mL/min;进样量：20μL,保留时间约8.0 min。利用该方法对二苯硫脲进行分析,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9998,相对标准偏差为1.9%,回收率为99.58%～101.23%,最小检出限14 ng。该方法具有快速、准确、简便等特点。     

Studies on the Hydrodynamics of Chaotic Bubbling in a Gas‐Liquid Bubble Column with a Single Nozzle

In this work, the chaotic bubbling mechanism in a gas‐liquid bubble column with a single nozzle was investigated. The signal for the analysis was the time series of pressure fluctuations measured from a pressure transducer probe placed in the bubble column close to the nozzle. In order to study the bubbling process, statistical analysis, qualitative and quantitative nonlinear analyses were carried out for the pressure fluctuations. Power spectra used as standard statistical measures provided preliminary evidence that bubbling in the middle values of gas flow rates may be chaotic in nature. Phase plots provided a qualitative means of analyzing the fine geometry structure of the attractor reconstructed from the bubbling time signal. Positive finite estimates of the Kolmogorov entropy provided a quantitative evidence of behavior consistent with chaos. Besides previous diagnostic tools, the local nonlinear short‐term prediction was also used as a supplement method. It was found that the bubbling process exhibits a deterministic chaotic behavior in a certain range of the gas flow rate. When increasing the gas flow rate, the sequence of periodic bubbling, primary and advanced chaotic bubbling, and jetting or random bubbling were successively observed. However, no clear period doubling sequence leading to chaotic behavior was observed. The sharp loss of the ability to predict the pressure signal successfully with the nonlinear prediction method provides the strongest evidence of the presence of the chaotic bubbling. The variations of the nonlinear invariants, such as the Kolmogorov entropy and the correlation dimension together with the plot of the correlation integral with the operation conditions, might be developed as potential and effective quantitative tools for flow regime identification of the bubbling process.