羟基丙烯酸酯高亮耐油清漆的研制

通过选择适当的羟基丙烯酸树脂和醇酸树脂,配以异氰酸固化剂,研制了一种用于油箱表面罩光的羟基丙烯酸酯高亮耐油清漆。检测结果表明,该涂料具有良好的耐腐蚀性能、高光泽、高丰满度和优异的耐油性能。在各种油箱及汽车、摩托车配件中具有广阔的应用前景。     

储罐底板网状阳极的设计与安装

储罐在输送油品过程中经常遭受内外介质的腐蚀,罐底板腐蚀尤其严重。本文探讨选用丙稀酸聚氨酯作为储罐防腐涂料,联合系统中的阳极网、贵金属氧化物阳极带、导电连接片、电缆接头、参比电极、测试接线箱等对储罐底板实施阴极保护,并指出网状阳极组成与安装。     

摩托车油箱涂装配套体系设计

着重讨论了羟基丙烯酸树脂、醛酮树脂、固化剂、流平剂、烘烤条件等因素对摩托车油箱涂装配套体系中层间附着力的影响.试验发现,当羟基丙烯酸树脂与醛酮树脂搭配使用,选择HDI三聚体类固化剂和聚丙烯酸酯溶液类流平荆,涂料施工烘烤条件为90℃/30 min或120 ℃/20 min时,摩托车油箱涂装配套体系中层间附着力0级,柔韧性1 mm,冲击强度50 kg·cm,铅笔硬度2H.     

Cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide

Cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) was studied in a batch reactor at 50 °C and 207 bar with either triallyl pentaerythritol ether or tetraallyl pentaerythritol ether as the cross-linker and with 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile) as the free radical initiator. All polymers were white, dry, fine powders. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the polymer particles was not affected by cross-linking. As the cross-linker concentration was increased, the polymer glass transition temperature first decreased, then increased. Water-soluble and water-insoluble polymers were synthesized by adjusting the cross-linker concentration. Viscosity measurements showed that the polymer thickening effect strongly depended on the degree of cross-linking. Finally, cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid in scCO₂ was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The use of cross-linker decreased the monomer conversion in this system.     

关于我国丙烯酸产业发展的几点思考

介绍了国内外丙烯酸生产消费状况及今后的发展趋势,指出了建设丙烯酸装置应注意的几个方面:包括技术来源、市场情况、原料来源、产品方案。建议我国丙烯酸行业加大科研投入,重点开发新的低成本丙烯酸生产路线及其下游产品的生产技术。     

固体超强酸非均相催化酯化合成丙烯酸丁酯

研究了在间歇搅拌釜中以固体超强酸为催化剂 ,由丙烯酸和丁醇合成丙烯酸丁酯。分别考察了不同类型固体超强酸的催化酯化作用 ,并且研究了搅拌速度、催化剂用量以及焙烧温度对酯化反应的影响。研究结果表明以TiO2 /SO2 - 4为催化剂在 363 15～ 373 15K温度下反应具有很好的催化酯化作用。     

丙烯酸工艺技术路线分析以及直氧法探究

丙烯酸广泛用于化工行业酯类聚合单体等原料.丙烯酸作为乙烯类单体在聚合反应中聚合速率较快,它的生产工艺方法很多,主要采用甘油等原料,生产工艺方法主要有丙烷脱氢氧化以及丙烯直接氧化两种工艺方法.本文通过对比不同的生产工艺路线,依据丙烯酸生产的现状、各主要企业的产能、装置运行情况,提出了直氧法生产丙烯酸的工艺现状以及改进,提...     

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

Polyacrylic acid was synthesized in water by persulfate-initiated polymerization (solution polymerization) of glacial acrylic acid in the absence of a chain-transfer agent. The final product is odorless and colorless. Chelation for calcium ions using a calcium electrode show that our poly(acrylic acid) has a higher chelation capacity than that of existing commercial poly(acrylic acids). A design of experiments was performed to optimize the synthesis conditions to obtain poly(acrylic acid) with a high maximum chelation value. These studies also helped us to gain insight into its high chelation capacity. The chelation capacity for calcium reaches its highest values when polymerization near isothermal conditions is done ∼ 95°C with an acrylic acid concentration of ≤21 wt % and an addition time >1 h. These conditions favor higher molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) with a polydispersity ∼ 4. The dispersion properties of our poly(acrylic acid) are similar to those of the commercial ones. This dual capability of chelation and dispersion is absent in commercial chelants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and their analogs. At pH > 7, chelation of calcium by our poly(acrylic acid) is much higher than that observed with EDTA. Characterization by NMR, Raman, FTIR, and molecular modeling are included in an attempt to understand structural features that can explain the higher chelation capacity of our atactic poly(acrylic acid).     

石油储罐外壁隔热防腐涂料的研制

介绍了一种丙烯酸聚氨酯类石油储罐外壁隔热防腐涂料,并对涂料配套体系、施工工艺加以说明。     

丙烯酸及其酯类废水处理方法研究进展

对目前常用的丙烯酸及其酯类废水的主要处理方法——焚烧法、湿式催化氧化法、生物法、超临界水氧化法及其他一些方法进行了简单的介绍。总结了各种方法在丙烯酸及其酯类废水处理中的应用现状以及研究进展,讨论了各种方法在处理丙烯酸及其酯类废水中的优缺点以及应用前景,展望了丙烯酸及其酯类废水处理未来的发展方向。     

新型石油储罐防腐用乙烯基酯树脂

介绍了乙烯基酯树脂(丙烯酸类改性环氧树脂)的耐化学品性、耐热性的原理。结合国外应用实例说明乙烯基酯树脂制成的涂料,可以解决石油储罐的现有问题,提高储罐耐腐蚀水平,将会成为石油储罐防腐蚀的发展方向。     

丙烯酸催化合成新进展

丙烯酸是一种重要的化工中间体和聚合物单体,需求量巨大。我国丰富的煤炭资源和可再生生物质资源为煤基和生物质基丙烯酸合成路线提供坚实的物质保障。本文将综述这两条主要路线,具体包括以煤基化工原料CO、低碳醇（甲醇和乙醇）、甲醛、乙酸、乙烯等为原料的丙烯酸合成路线;以生物质基平台化合物甘油、3-羟基丙酸、乳酸、富马酸、黏糠酸等为原料的丙烯酸合成路线;并对这些路线进行了比较,为路线的选择提供参考。重点关注了这些过程中的催化问题：反应所需的活性位、副反应分析、催化剂的类型与特点以及催化性能与失活机理,为未来实用煤基和生物质基丙烯酸生产用高效稳定廉价催化剂的设计开发提供理论参考。     

水解酸化工艺预处理腈纶废水的研究

采用水解酸化工艺预处理腈纶废水,通过投加微生物固定化载体结合高效微生物对工艺过程进行优化,并对其进行了相关研究。在处理过程中有很多影响因素对水解酸化过程的速度和效率有重要的影响,并直接影响到水解酸化反应器的出水水质及处理效果。实验中主要考察了水力停留时间、进水CODCr负荷和温度等影响因素对水解酸化反应器出水的影响,同时考察了水解酸化反应器稳定运行后对废水可生化性的改善,以水解酸化反应器进出水的CODCr为主要指标进行监测,对类似的废水处理有一定的借鉴价值。     

Stabilization of Acrylic Esters

Acrylic acid (AA) and its esters are monomers which can easily be polymerized. In order to avoid the unintentional polymerization during the manufacture and storage, the acrylic esters are stored under air‐atmosphere to which 15 ppm (g g^–1) hydroquinone monomethylether (MeHQ) has been added. The consumption of the stabilizers, oxygen (O₂) and MeHQ, play an important role in the prognosis of the stability of the monomers. In earlier works the O₂/MeHQ‐consumption of acrylic acid during the inhibition period without radical‐starter‐addition was examined [1]. In this paper it could be shown that the examinations on acrylic acid are not transferable to different acrylic esters. The O₂‐consumption rates in the acrylic esters are approximately ten times smaller than in acrylic acid, depending on temperature and monomer. The inhibition periods of the acrylic esters are about the factor ten greater in comparison to acrylic acid. A correlation between the concentration of the C=C double bond in the esters and the O₂‐consumption is possible with the measurements of the O₂‐consumption in the different acrylic esters as a function of temperature. The O₂‐consumption of any acrylic ester can be calculated in this way on the basis of the C=C double bond concentration. The same applies to the inhibition period (the time up to the start of the polymerization). An estimation of the stability is possible with these two parameters.     

浅层气浮及其在水处理中的应用

比较了传统气浮和浅层气浮的优、缺点,结合吉林某化纤集团的污水处理工程,研究了浅层气浮对腈纶废水的处理效果。结果表明,腈纶废水预处理中,浅层气浮机对CODCr的平均去除率达到11.3%以上,而传统矩形池气浮机仅为5.6%左右,不到浅层气浮机的一半,说明浅层气浮处理腈纶废水性能优越。     

The effect of hydrogen bonding on the phase behavior of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-ethylene-cosolvent mixtures at high pressures

Experimental cloud-point data to 260 °C and 2,500 bar are reported to demonstrate the impact of two cosolvents, acetone and methanol, on the phase behavior of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-2.4 mol% acrylic acid) (EAA_2.4), poly(ethylene-co-3.9 mol% acrylic acid) (EAA_3.9), poly(ethylene-co-6.9 mol% acrylic acid) (EAA_6.9), and poly(ethylene-co-9.2 mol% acrylic acid) (EAA_9.2) in ethylene. In pressure-temperature (P-T) space, the miscibility of EAA copolymers in ethylene decreases significantly with temperature and with increasing acrylic acid content of EAA due to self-association of the acrylic acid segments. Acetone and methanol, both dramatically enlarge the solubility of EAA copolymers due to the hydrogen bonding with acrylic acids in the EAA. At low concentrations, methanol is a better cosolvent than acetone. However, the impact of methanol diminishes rapidly with increasing methanol concentration once all the acrylic acids in the EAA are hydrogen bond with methanol molecules.     

pH-Sensitive performance of dextran–poly(acrylic acid) copolymer and its application in controlled in vitro release of ibuprofen

Dextran–poly(acrylic acid) copolymers (D-A) are prepared through copolymerizing of acrylic acid (AA) with dextran. Their structural properties and performances are characterized using various methods. The results indicate that the carboxyl groups of poly(acrylic acid) strongly interact with the proton acceptors of glucose units in dextran, and the effects of AA/dextran molar ratio on the pH sensitivity of obtained copolymers are remarkable. The D-A copolymer shows a smart pH response, specifically, shrinkage in a low pH medium and swelling at high pH. The potential application of D-A copolymer as a drug delivery matrix is explored using ibuprofen as a model drug.     

丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯分析新方法的研究

本文研究一种一次性即可快速有效测试釜内和空间丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯浓度的新方法。摒弃了先前在测定丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯浓度时必须两种物质分别独立操作的方法,既减轻了工人的劳动强度,又为公司节约了资金。本方法适于腈纶生产厂釜内和空间丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯浓度的测试。     

Improving water solubility of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐styrene) copolymers by adding styrene sulfonic acid as a termonomer

Acrylic acid is often used to make water‐soluble polymers while styrene is often modified to add special functions to polymers. However, when styrene and acrylic acid are copolymerized, the resulting polymer is much less water soluble. To regain water solubility, the effect of styrene sulfonic acid on solubility of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐styrene) copolymers was investigated. Even though acrylic acid polymers are known for their water solubility, the presence of styrene units within acrylic acid copolymers reduces the solubility of the copolymer substantially at the natural pH of the solutions. By adding styrene sulfonic acid as a termonomer, polymers that are water soluble at the natural pH of the polymerization could be obtained. The solubility of the polymer after removal of the solvent and by redissolving at different concentrations and pH levels is also reported. Solubility increases at higher pH especially with low styrene concentration in the copolymer. It was found that incorporation of as little as 5 mol % of styrene into poly(acrylic acid) reduced the aqueous solubility to less than 0.5 g dL^?1 at pH 7. Upon adding 7 mol % styrene sulfonic acid as a termonomer, the water solubility increased to 5 g dL^?1 at pH 7. At higher levels of styrene, more styrene sulfonic acid was needed, especially at low pH. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Grafting onto polyester fibers. IV. Synergism during graft copolymerization of binary mixtures of vinyl monomers onto polyester fibers

Graft-copolymerization reactions of binary mixtures of vinyl monomers (acrylamide–acrylic acid and acrylonitrile–acrylic acid) with polyester fibers have been studied by chemical initiation technique using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The total graft add-on was determined gravimetrically, while the modified Kjeldahl's method for N-estimation was employed to determine acrylamide and acrylonitrile grafts in their mixtures with acrylic acid grafts. Synergism of very high order was noticed during the graft-copolymerization reactions. In the case of the acrylamide–acrylic acid system a very high order of synergism (129.15%) was noticed at equimolar proportions of the monomers in the grafting bath. Both acrylamide and acrylic acid showed synergistic influence over each other during graft-copolymerization reactions. In the case of the acrylonitrile–acrylic acid system, however, the presence of acrylonitrile reduced the graft yield of the acrylic acid component showing a negative synergism; but acrylic acid enhanced the acrylonitrile graft yield to a considerable extent. The results have been explained in terms of reactivity ratios of the monomers. The conductivity results of the monomer mixtures also supported the experimental results.