2Cr12NiMoWV铜的回火转变

研究了２Ｃｒ１２ＮｉＭｏＷＶ钢淬火后,经３５０～７１０℃不同温度回火,其显微组织、相结构和室温力学性能的变化。结构表明：在４００～５００℃回火,出现回火,出现回火脆性,这主要与马氏体中析出Ｍ２Ｃ、Ｍ２３Ｃ６型碳化物,产生二次硬化有关。在５５０～５７０℃回火,出现冲击韧度明显升高的现象,升高值与淬火温度有关。随回火时间的延长,发生了Ｍ７Ｃ３→Ｍ２３Ｃ６碳化物类型的转变。     

W6Mo5Cr4V2钢形变诱发析出碳化物及规律

对Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２钢经１２４０℃奥氏体化后于１７０－１１５０℃形变０－６５％直接淬火过程中诱发析出的碳化物进行了研究。结果表明，在７５０－１１５０℃热形变淬火迁程中均诱发析出直径约１－２μｍ，具有立方ＮａＣｌ晶型的ＭＣ型碳化物；碳化物的分在民形变温度有关，高温形变呈随机分布，而低温下则趋于沿Ｆ１１１Ｇγ滑移面析出呈方向性分布；碳化物的析出量主要由形变温度和该表变温度下热变形奥氏体的组织状态...     

W6Mo5Cr4V2钢形变等温淬火的组织和性能

对Ｗ６ＭＯ５ｃｒ４Ｖ２钢１２４０℃奥氏体化后、在１１５０℃以１．５×１０￣－２／ｓ的形变速率筹温形变０％～６５％，并在２７０℃等温淬火，５６０℃３次回火后的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明：该钢在１０５０℃或更高温度形变会发生动态再结晶，且形变诱发析出了ＭＣ型碳化物，而使贝氏体中具有大量的碳化物颗粒；形变使等温淬火、回火组织的强度、硬度及韧度均有所提高，在１０５０℃形变１５％～２０％具有最佳的强韧性配合。     

热变形对高速钢组织的影响

此文研究了Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２高速钢奥氏体化后在７５０－１１５０℃等温热压变形对该钢组织的影响。结果表明：该钢有１０５０℃或更高温度形变才会发生动态再结晶，而９５０℃或更低温度形变仅发生动态回复；同时热表变诱发析出了ＮａＣｌ晶型的ＭＣ型碳化物；由于形变及碳化物的析了，使得该钢等浊形变后直接淬火组织中的位错马氏体量增多。     

多元低合金化铸造热锻模具钢（JCD钢）组织与性能的研究

试验研究了多元低合金化铸造热锻模具钢（ＪＣＤ钢）的组织与性能。结果表明，ＪＣＤ钢的淬火＋回火组织为低碳马氏体＋贝氏体＋少量碳化物及残余奥氏体。ＪＣＤ钢与５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢相比，具有好的回火稳定性、热稳定性、抗冷热疲劳性，且成本低、寿命长、应用前景广阔。     

热处理对含硼耐磨球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响

采取淬火—回火工艺处理了含硼球墨铸铁。随淬火温度升高，碳化物减少，球状石墨长大；基体组织为球状石墨、硼碳化物、马氏体和残余奥氏体。淬火温度以８５０～９１０℃，回火温度以２９０℃为宜，此时力学性能ＨＲＣ＝５３．５～５４．５，αｋ＝６．０～７．５Ｊ／ｃｍ２。     

铁基合金激光熔覆组织及高温时效转变的TEM研究

利用ＡＴＥＭ研究了铁基多元合金ＦｅＣｒＷＮｉＣ激光熔覆层的微观组织、亚稳相结构特征以及高温时效时的亚稳相转变机制。结果表明组织为亚共晶组织,即γ＋（γ＋Ｍ７Ｃ３）,γ奥氏体为具有较高合金度的过饱和亚稳相,Ｍ７Ｃ３（Ｍ为Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ,Ｗ）为六方结构的Ｃｒ基亚稳合金碳化物。熔覆组织在高温时效时存在两类碳化物形成机制,即亚稳γ中析出Ｍ２３Ｃ６、Ｍ２Ｃ与ＭＣ碳化物以及Ｍ７Ｃ３→Ｍ２３Ｃ６与Ｍ７Ｃ３→Ｍ６Ｃ的碳化物原位转变机制。熔覆组织具有较高的显微硬度并存在显著的二次硬化特征     

LD钢内部裂纹分析

ＬＤ钢（７Ｃｒ７Ｍｏ２Ｖ２Ｓｉ）在锻造过程中易形成内部裂纹。检验中发现裂纹处碳化物大量存在、熔化，其实质为加热温度偏高，碳化物破碎不足。并相应地提出了改进措施。     

M2铸造高速钢的变质研究

研究了ＲＥ－Ａｌ－Ｂ－Ｔｉ复合变质对Ｍ２铸造高速钢凝固组织以及加热过程中共晶碳化物的分解与粒化的影响。结果表明，变质使该钢铸态组织得到细化，共晶碳化物呈断续网状分析，以Ｍ２Ｃ为主，ＭＣ有所增加；变质使Ｍ２Ｃ经８５０℃，３ｈ加热即发生分解并粒化，经１０００℃，３ｈ退火，晶界碳化物大量溶解；变质Ｍ２钢的淬火、回火组织中，碳化物呈粒状弥散分布，因而冲击韧性大大提高，并具有较高的硬度和红硬性。     

W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢超塑性能的研究

对Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２高速钢进行了组织超塑性研究。结果表明：经１０４０℃二次循环淬火处理后的Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４２高速钢，在变形温度为７８０℃－８１５℃，     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.