导电聚苯胺/纳米镍粉复合屏蔽材料的研究

制备了导电聚苯胺/纳米镍粉复合屏蔽材料.实验中把导电聚苯胺与镍粉以28的比例制成复合粉,然后再将复合粉与环氧树脂以37的比例混合,制成屏蔽涂料.检测结果显示,当聚苯胺电导率为102S/cm、镍粉颗粒尺寸为50～180nm、涂层厚度为0.45mm时,在30～1500MHz的频段范围可获得80～100dB的屏蔽效能.分析表明,大幅度提高吸收损耗,适当降低反射损耗可以减少二次电磁污染.这种屏蔽涂料不仅可用于电器机壳,而且也可用于电子元件、器件.     

镍基电磁屏蔽涂料的研究

研究了制备低频、宽带（9kHz-1.3GHz）电磁屏蔽涂料的镍基填充体系的电磁屏蔽和持性,实验证明加入金属纤维比使用纳米级镍粉更能提高涂料的电磁屏蔽效能。     

氧化铁-石墨/ABS复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能

研究将氢氧化铁和可膨胀石墨粉末混合均匀,在高温下迅速膨化,制备得到了一种具有导电和亚铁磁性的电磁屏蔽功能微集料,将功能微集料与ABS树脂复合,制备得到了一种对电磁波具有反射和吸收功能的复合材料.利用XRD、SEM对功能微集料物相和形貌进行了分析,并对样品的电磁屏蔽传输系数曲线、最大电磁屏蔽效能及屏蔽机理进行了探讨,分析了石墨及氧化铁-石墨功能微集料含量对复合材料低频电磁屏蔽效能的影响.实验结果表明,随着膨化温度升高,氧化铁粒子在膨胀石墨表面、褶皱和沟壑中的分散性逐渐提高,粒径逐渐变小;在1MHz～1.8GHz低频范围内,氧化铁-石墨填充ABS复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能优于柔性石墨/ASB复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能,且其屏蔽方式兼有电损耗和磁损耗机制.     

LDPE-Ni/多晶铁纤维电磁屏蔽包装材料研究

为制备一种性能优良,使用方便的电磁屏蔽包装材料,用多晶铁纤维和镍粉作为导电填料,填加到LDPE中,制备成了LDPE-Ni/多晶铁纤维电磁屏蔽材料.研究发现,该材料的屏蔽效能值为20dB;"渗滤阈值"为20%～25%;由于多晶铁纤维的复合磁损耗机理,材料的具有一定的吸波功能;当多晶铁纤维和镍粉的含量为18%时,复合材料达到最大拉伸强度12.5MPa,而其断裂伸长率呈下降趋势.     

高浓度纳米镍的制备及其电磁屏蔽性能的研究

由导电填料与聚合物复合而制备的电磁屏蔽复合材料因为具有密度小、耐腐蚀性好、加工性能好、导电性能易调控等优点而得到广泛的研究。就金属导电填料而言,金属镍是一个很好的选择,它具有很好的化学稳定性能和抗氧化性能,且价格便宜,作为一种典型的铁磁性材料,纳米镍具有较高的矫顽力,可产生大的磁滞损耗,对于电磁波的吸收是很有利的,从而利于提高材料的综合电磁屏蔽性能。通过一系列的研究选择合适的方法制备较大量的纳米镍粉,然后将它作为导电填料研究其电磁屏蔽性能。选择湿化学还原法制备纳米镍粉,在水体系中以水合联氨为还原剂将镍盐还原制备纳米镍粉。在高浓度条件下,镍原子团聚的机会增多,结果导致镍颗粒的尺寸增大,为了控制尺寸,常用的方法是在反应体系中加入可溶性高分子作为保护剂,但是反应后从金属粒子上将高分子完全除去是很困难的,在金属粒子表面残余的高分子将影响金属粒子的导电性能,为了避免高分子保护剂对金属粒子导电性能的负面影响并且获得足够多的纳米粉,在不加可溶性聚合物或其它保护剂的条件下,通过系列研究发现选择合适的制备条件可以生产出高浓度且分散性能较好的纳米镍粉(1M),利用XRD,SEM表征发现所得产品为直径约60nm的类球形面心立方结构...     

纳米Ni粉的表面改性及电磁波吸收性能研究

使用稀盐酸处理纳米镍粉表面的Ni2O3,然后用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米镍粉表面进行改性,采用活性试验、红外光谱、热分析等手段对改性后的粉体进行了表征,并通过矢量网络分析仪,利用同轴波导的方法对粒子进行了电磁参数的测定.将试验所得到的电磁参数数据通过计算机模拟转化成材料对电磁波功率损耗值.结果表明,稀盐酸可以去除纳米镍粉表面氧化层;用4%十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)改性纳米镍粉能够显著提高纳米镍粉在有机介质中的分散性,提高了电磁波吸收性能.     

水泥基纳米石墨复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

以纳米石墨微片作为导电填料,水泥作为基体,制备高导电性复合材料,研究其电磁屏蔽等性能.探讨纳米石墨微片、含水量、龄期对复合材料的导电性及电磁屏蔽效能的影响.结果表明,质量分数为15%的纳米石墨微片制得的复合材料的性能为最佳,其体积电阻率为22.3Ω·cm,电磁屏蔽效能达到22.60dB(1.5GHz).     

导电纳米镍粉表面改性研究

为了提高纳米镍粉作为导电材料的分散性以及与基体的结合,对此进行了表面改性.使用稀盐酸处理纳米镍粉表面的Ni2 O3,然后用油酸对纳米镍粉表面进行改性,采用活性试验、红外光谱、热分析等手段对改性后粉体进行了表征,并对以改性纳米镍粉为填料的导电屏蔽涂料进行了电阻率和屏蔽效能的测试.结果表明:稀盐酸可以去除纳米镍粉表面氧化层;用5.5%油酸(Ni质量)改性纳米镍粉能够显著提高纳米镍粉在有机介质中的分散性,取得了良好的改性效果.     

超细镍粉／微米镍粉复合电磁屏蔽涂料的研究

在水溶液中制备了大量的直径约为0.5μm的超细镍粉,将其与微米镍粉以不同的比例进行复合作为导电填料制备电磁屏蔽涂料.结果表明当超细镍粉与微米镍粉的比例适当时(质量比=1:1),得到的涂料在130MHz～1.5GHz频段内具有比纯微米镍粉涂料更好的电磁屏蔽性能(40～55dB).     

硅烷偶联剂改性纳米镍粉及其电磁性能研究

使用稀盐酸处理纳米镍粉表面的氧化层,然后用硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对纳米镍粉表面进行改性,采用活性指数、红外光谱等手段对改性后粉体进行了表征;并通过矢量网络分析仪,利用同轴波导的方法对粒子进行了电磁参数的测定.将实验所得到的电磁参数数据通过计算机模拟转化成材料对电磁波功率损耗值.结果表明,稀盐酸可以去除纳米镍粉表面氧化层;用5%(质量分数)硅烷偶联剂改性纳米镍粉能够显著提高纳米镍粉在有机介质中的分散性,提高了电磁波吸收性能.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...