颗粒增强铝基复合材料阳极氧化与耐蚀性的研究

基体中加入与铝合金基体电位不同、高体积分数的碳化硅和石墨颗粒增强材料,可能导致材料的耐蚀性降低.采用盐雾腐蚀和硬质阳极氧化方法对4种喷射沉积制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料和一种喷射沉积锭坯颗粒增强铝基复合材料的腐蚀行为及阳极氧化工艺进行了研究.结果表明,颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有较高的腐蚀率,腐蚀形态均为明显的点蚀;在适当阳极氧化工艺条件下,颗粒增强铝基复合材料表面可以制得优良耐蚀性的硬质阳极氧化膜.     

增强颗粒与基体适配性对颗粒增强铝基复合材料强化机理的影响

用粉末冶金法制备了分别用Al2O3、SiC颗粒增强的颗粒体积分数为25%的6061Al基复合材料,在不同温度对其进行固溶-时效热处理,通过拉伸曲线分析和断口SEM分析研究了增强颗粒与基体适配性对颗粒增强铝基复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,低强度Al2O3颗粒不适合用于增强高强度的6061Al基体;研究了增强颗粒与基体适配性对颗粒增强铝基复合材料强化机制的影响,发现主要通过影响应力传递机制来影响复合材料性能;揭示了适配性与增强颗粒开裂、复合材料屈服之间的关系,得出增强颗粒相对于基体强度越高,颗粒开裂越少,并总结了一种表示增强颗粒与基体适配性关系的方法。     

高体积分数SiCp/7075Al复合材料的时效析出行为

高体积分数SiC颗粒增强7系铝基复合材料(SiCp/7XXXAl)具有高比强度比刚度等特点,因此适宜作为结构件在航空航天、汽车等领域应用。本文采用压力浸渗法制备了45vol.%的SiCp/7075Al复合材料,并对复合材料和基体合金的时效行为进行了系统的研究。DSC分析结果发现复合材料的η′相和η相的放热峰分别比基体7075合金降低了4.4℃和0.5℃。复合材料与7075铝合金达到峰时效的时间均为9h,峰时效时复合材料与基体7075铝合金的硬度分别提高了38.7%(从213.4到296HB)和107.6%(从98.2到203.9HB)。颗粒的加入使得基体中的位错密度显著增加,这有利于析出相的形核。但另一方面,合金元素在界面的偏聚会抑制析出相的析出。因此,SiCp/7075Al复合材料的析出行为是两方面共同作用的结果。     

纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备工艺进展

介绍了纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展现状,重点介绍和评述了国内外几种制备工艺的研究现状和应用,分析了纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的微观结构,指出了纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料研究中存在的几个重要问题,展望了其未来的发展趋势.     

非连续体增强铝基复合材料热机械处理工艺与性能研究

研究了不同工艺参数对粉末冶金法制造的非连续体增强铝基复合材料性能的影响规律，发现热挤压可大大改善复合材料的组织与性能。复合材料的最佳热处理工艺也与单一合金材料有很大不同。分析了影响复合材料基体时效力学的主要因素。     

不同碳化硅和球形石墨含量对混杂增强铝基复合材料力学性能的影响

目的 研究不同增强相配比对SiCp与球形石墨颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料力学性能的影响.方法 以6092铝合金为基体,采用粉末冶金法制备了球形石墨颗粒(Gr)、SiCp单相增强以及SiCp和Gr混杂增强的铝基复合材料,通过挤压塑性变形与T6强化热处理进一步改善材料的力学性能.结果 所制备的复合材料无孔洞等缺陷,致密度达99...     

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究与进展

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料因低廉的价格与优异的性能日益受到人们关注.介绍了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料常用的制备方法(搅拌铸造法、压力浸渗法以及粉末冶金法);指出了各种制备工艺的优缺点;阐述了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料优良的性能,特别是其力学性能、耐磨性能、阻尼性能与电磁屏蔽性能;展望了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展趋势.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料在航空航天领域的应用

详细介绍了制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料较为成熟的4种工艺,分析了各自的优缺点,综述了颗粒增强铝基复合材料在国内外航空航天领域中的一些成功应用,同时对我国发展颗粒增强铝基复合材料提出了一些建议.     

陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备与性能

陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料是近年来开发的一种新材料。本文介绍了各种陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备方法及组织性能研究现状。认为今后一段时期应着重研究以下几方面问题：对泡沫铝基复合材料制备工艺做进一步的研究，优化工艺参数，使工艺更稳定可靠；分析陶瓷颗粒对泡沫铝基复合材料发泡工艺、气泡尺寸及形状的影响．深入探讨其机理，进一步解决气孔结构和均匀性问题；系统研究泡沫铝基复合材料微观组织及界面结合形态；系统研究泡沫铝基复合材料的机械性能、物理性能及其影响因素，为该类材料的应用奠定理论基础；广泛开展泡沫铝基复合材料的推广应用研究，使之尽快为工农业生产的发展做出贡献。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状

本文综合评述了颗粒增强铝基复合材料增强相的选择及其有关性能。着重介绍了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的各种制备工艺及特点，以及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的机械性能和物理性能，并列举了颗粒增强铝基复合材料在一些领域中的应用情况。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...