流变相反应法合成Zn_(1-x)Co_xO室温稀磁半导体

利用流变相反应法制备得到Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08)稀磁半导体材料。X射线衍射分析,发现Co的掺杂并未改变ZnO的纤锌矿结构,并没有杂质相的生成,衍射峰的峰位随着Co掺杂向高角度移动,Co已进入ZnO晶格。电镜及吸收光谱进一步表明样品中没有第二相的出现,Co2+成功掺入ZnO晶格。采用超导量子干涉磁强仪测量Zn0.96Co0.04O的磁性,样品在300K存在明显的磁饱和现象和磁滞回线,表明具有室温下铁磁性,其磁性来源可以用束缚磁极化子(BMPs)模型解释。     

Influence of Zn^2＋ or Cu^2＋ on Reduction and Recalcination Behavior of Fe2TiO5

Fe2O3, TiO2, CuO and ZnO powders were mixed according to the formula of （1-x）TiO2 xCuO-Fe2O3 or （1-x）TiO2 xZnO-Fe2O3 （x=0, 0.2 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1）, and well ball-milled with H2O for 3 h to ensure homogeneity of the powdered solids, then fired at 1200℃ for 4 h. The fired samples were reduced at 500℃ with hydrogen gas. The reduced samples were subjected to recalcination at 500℃ in CO2 atmosphere. Both of fired, reduced and calcined samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, reflected light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different phases were formed after firing of Cu^＋2 or Zn^2＋ substituted Fe2TiO5. Magnetization （Bs） of the formed phases after firing are very low corresponding to diluted magnetic semiconductors （DMS） and increases with increasing the substituted cations （Cu^＋2 or Zn^2＋）. The reduction of the fired samples enhanced the Bs values whereas the reducibility increases with increasing the Cu^＋2 or Zn^2＋ content. Samples show different tendency toward CO2 decomposition which is very important for environmental minimization for CO2.     

Machinable REPM with Excellent Intrinsic Coercive ForcePrepared by DS Technology

To obtain excellent magnetic properties of machinable REPM prepared by directional solidification (DS) technology Space A, a composition area with θ=0°~5° where easy axis is parallel to solidified direction of alloys, has been established in Zr-Sm-La-Co-Cu-Fe system. In 2/17+1/5+Co, and 2/17+1/5 region near Co phase of Space A, one obtains:Vf = 80.933 - 2.739Zr - 1.828Sm - 0.773Co - 0.147Cu + 0.415Fe + 0.218LaNonequilibrium solidification process of alloys in 2/17+1/5+Co region, is as follows: L→Co,L→2/17, L+2/17→1/5 and L→1/(5-x)+1/(5+x). The product of partially completed peritectic reaction, and 1/(5-x) and 1/(5+x) phases can all be transformed into a homogeneous 1/5 phase after solution treatment in 1413 K for 5 h. Containing 3~6% Co phase magnetically hardened by 0.5~2.5% V, the DS magnets have been achieved with both improved toughness and excellent coercive force of 520 kA/m.     

微波多元醇法制备单分散Ni1-xZnxFe2O4/MWCNTs与磁性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为模板,三乙二醇(TREG)为溶剂,采用微波多元醇法制备MWC-NTs负载组成可控的Ni1-xZnxFe2O4(x=0.4、0.5、0.6)纳米复合材料Ni1-xZnxFe2O4/MWCNTs。其结构和形貌通过XRD、SEM、TEM和EDX进行表征,用VSM测试样品的磁性,并探讨了微波功率、微波时间对镍锌铁氧体负载的影响。结果表明立方系尖晶石结构的单分散Ni1-xZnxFe2O4磁性纳米粒子均匀负载在碳纳米管表面,平均粒径约为6nm;其磁性能与镍锌铁氧体的组成有关,随着Zn含量的增加,饱和磁化强度(Ms)先增大后减小,当x=0.5时Ms达到最大值。矫顽力(Hc)都比较小,在室温下表现为超顺磁性。     

Electronic structure studies of nanoferrite Cu(x)Co(1-x)Fe2O4 by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Pure and mixed cobalt copper ferrites are of great interest due to their widespread application in electronics and medicine. We report on the electronic structure of a nanoferrite Cu(x)Co(1-x)Fe2O4 (0.0 < or = x < or = 1.0) system studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These magnetic nanoferrites (average crystallite size approximately 31-43 nm) were synthesized by an auto combustion method and are characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements at the O K and Co, Cu, and Fe L-edges. The O K-edge spectra suggest that there is a strong hybridization between O 2p and 3d electrons of Co, Cu and Fe cations and Fe L3,2-edge spectra indicate that Fe ions coexist in mixed valence states (Fe3+ and Fe2+) at tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel structure. Copper and cobalt ions are distributed in the divalent state in octahedral sites of the spinel structure. The origin of high saturation magnetization and coercivity in cobalt-copper ferrites are explained in light of these results.     

Distribution of cations in nanosize and bulk Co-Zn ferrites

The structural and magnetic properties of Co(1-x)Zn(x)Fe2O4 ferrites (Co-Zn ferrites) are investigated in a narrow compositional range around x = 0.6, which is of interest because of applications in magnetic fluid hyperthermia. The study by x-ray and neutron diffraction, M?ssbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements is done on nanoparticles prepared by the coprecipitation method and bulk samples sintered at high temperatures. In spite of the known preference of Zn2+ for tetrahedral (A) sites and Co2+ for octahedral [B] sites, the cations are distributed nearly evenly over the two sites of spinel structure and there is also a variable number of [B] site vacancies (see text), making cobalt ions trivalent. In particular for x = 0.6, the cationic distribution is refined to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the 13 nm particles (T(C) = 335 K) and bulk sample (T(C) = 351 K), respectively.     

La0.67Sr0.33Co1-xFexO3体系的输运行为

研究了Co位Fe掺杂对La0．67Sr0．33Col—xFexo3体系的电输运性质和超大磁阻效应的影响．实验结果表明：在低掺杂(x≤0．1)时电阻率表现出金属性输运行为，在高掺杂(x＝0．2和0．3)时则为半导体行为．Fe掺杂削弱了Te处的MR峰值，但增加了低温下(T《Te)的MR值．La0．67Sr0．33Col—xFe2o3体系的磁电阻的起源可由外加磁场导致的自旋态转变来解释。     

Phase Transformation and Magnetostriction of (R-Pr)(Fe-T)_2 (R=Dy Tb; T=Co, Ni)

1. IntroductionMuch attention has been focused onmagnetostrictive materials RFe2, particularly,Tbo.zv~o.sDyo.vs~o.vFez (Terfenol-D), due to theirexcellellt magnetoelastic properties for the transducer deviceslll. Clark et al. firstly suggestedthat the pseudobinary compounds combined byTb, Dy and Fe could be constructed in an effortto reduce the anisotropy while maintaining largemagnetostrictionlZ]. Clark et al. also found in thecompensated system Tbl--.Pr.FeZ that (Tb, Pr)Fe3phase appea…     

Effect of reducing atmosphere on the magnetism of Zn(1-x)Co(x)O (0≤x≤0.10) nanoparticles

We report the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn(1-x)Co(x)O?(0≤x≤0.10) nanoparticles synthesized by heating metal acetates in organic solvent. The nanoparticles were crystallized in the wurtzite ZnO structure after annealing in air and in a forming gas (Ar95%?+?H5%). The x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data for different Co content show clear evidence for the Co(2+) ions in tetrahedral symmetry, indicating the substitution of Co(2+) in the ZnO lattice. However, samples with x = 0.08 and higher cobalt content also indicate the presence of Co metal clusters. Only those samples annealed in the reducing atmosphere of the forming gas, that showed the presence of oxygen vacancies, exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The air annealed samples remained non-magnetic down to 77?K. The essential ingredient in achieving room temperature ferromagnetism in these Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanoparticles was found to be the presence of additional carriers generated by the presence of the oxygen vacancies.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备锌掺杂Sr_3Co_2 Fe_(24)O_(41)Z型铁氧体及其性能

利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成了锌掺杂Sr_3(Zn_xCo_(1-x))_2Fe_(24)O_(41),(x=0～0.8)的Z型铁氧体.测试其结构、磁性能、电磁性能与吸波特性.实验结果表明,适量掺杂Zn~(2+)有利于磁性能及吸波性能的改善,在x=0.2时比饱和磁化强度最大,可达51.36 A·m~2·kg~(-1);吸波性能优良,最大吸收量为35.12dB;合成最佳温度为1200℃烧结2小时.     

掺杂Mg对纳米CoFe2O4/SiO2复合薄膜结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法制备了纳米Co_1-xMg _xFe₂O₄/SiO₂(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) 复合薄膜。利用XRD、SEM、原子力显微镜、振动样品磁强计对薄膜的结构、形貌和磁性进行了分析, 研究了Mg²⁺含量对样品结构和磁性的影响。结果表明, 样品中Co_1-xMg _xFe₂O₄具有尖晶石结构, 晶粒尺寸在38~46 nm之间。随着Mg²⁺含量的增加, Co_1-xMg _xFe₂O₄的晶格常数减小, 样品的饱和磁化强度减小, 矫顽力先增大后减小。样品Co_0.4Mg_0.6Fe₂O₄/SiO₂垂直和平行膜面的矫顽力分别为350.7 kA·m^-1和279.4 kA·m^-1, 剩磁比分别为67.2%和53.9%, Co_1-xMg _xFe₂O₄/SiO₂复合薄膜具有较明显的垂直磁各向异性。     

Size dependent magnetization and high-vacuum annealing enhanced ferromagnetism in Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanowires

Diameter controllable ZnO nanowires have been fabricated by thermal evaporation (vapor transport) with various sizes of gold nanoparticles as catalysts. Diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanowires were then made by high energy Co ion implantation. The as-implanted and the argon-annealed Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanowires displayed weak ferromagnetism while the high-vacuum annealed nanowires exhibited strong ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. Size dependent behavior has been observed in the magnetic field and temperature dependences of magnetization. The shrinkage of the nanowire diameter reduced the spontaneous magnetization as well as the hysteresis loops. Field cooled and zero-field cooled magnetization and coercivity measurements were performed between 2 and 300 K to study the evolution of magnetism from the weak to the strong ferromagnetic states. In particular, superparamagnetic features were observed and shown to be intrinsic characteristics of the DMS Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanowires. The room-temperature spontaneous magnetization of individual Zn(1-x)Co(x)O nanowires was also established by using magnetic force microscope measurements.     

Fabrication and magnetic property of BaSm(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (x < or = 0.4) nanofibers

BaSm(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (x < or = 0.4) ferrite nanofibers were prepared by sol-gel method from starting reagents of metal salts and citric acid. These nanofibers were characterized by TG-DTA, FTIR, SEM, XRD and VSM. These results show that the BaSm(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (x < or = 0.4) ferrite nanofibers were obtained subsequently from calcination at 750 degrees C for 1 h. The BaSm(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (x < or = 0.4) microstructure and magnetic property are mainly influenced by chemical composition and heat-treatment temperature. The grain sizes of BaSm0.3Fe11.7O19 ferrite nanofibers are in a nanoscale from 40 nm to 62 nm corresponding to the calcination temperature from 750 degrees C to 1050 derees C. The saturation magnetization of BaSm(x)Fe(12-x)O19 ferrite nanofiber calcined at 950 degrees C for 1 h initially decreases with the Sm content from 0 to 0.3 and then increases with a further Sm content, while the coercivity exhibits a continuous increase from 348 kA x m(-1) (x = 0) to 427 kA x m(-1) (x = 0.4). The differences of magnetic properties are attributed to lattice distortion and enhancement for the anisotropy energy.     

Effects of Transition Metal (TM = V,Cr, Mn,Fe, Co,and Ni) Elements on Magnetic Mechanism of LiZnP with Decoupled Charge and Spin Doping

The electronic structure and magnetism of a series of 111-type diluted magnetic semiconductors Li(Zn,TM)P (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are investigated on the basis of density functional theory. Our results indicate that V-, Cr-, Mn-, and Fe-doped LiZnP are magnetic while Co- and Ni-doped LiZnP systems show no magnetisms. But all TM-doped LiZnP systems prefer antiferromagnetic behavior by magnetic coupling calculations. In contrast, V/Li- and Cr/Li-codoped LiZnP prefer ferromagnetic ordering, and Mn/Li-, Fe/Li- and Co/Li-codoped LiZnP display antiferromagnetic spin ordering. Hence, Li dopant is very vital for the ferromagnetic formation of Li(Zn,TM)P materials. It is revealed that the magnetic moments come mainly from the TM 3d orbitals. The ferromagnetic coupling between the TM atoms is explained by through-bond spin polarization. Our work demonstrates that the magnetic properties of Li(Zn,TM)P can be mediated by doping different TM atoms. These results may provide theoretical guidance for further experimental research on DMS.     

纳米Zn1-xFexSe薄膜的制备和结构研究

采用双源热蒸发方法制备了纳米 Zn1-xFexSe稀释磁性半导体薄膜,根据 X 射线衍射谱和Raman散射谱研究了薄膜的晶体结构和声子谱特征。结果表明:Zn1-xFexSe薄膜中纳米晶粒的晶格常数随Fe含量增加而增大;通过 Raman 散射光谱观察到明显的声子限域效应,与 ZnSe体材料相比,Zn1-xFexSe薄膜同光学声子模对应的 Raman 散射峰表现出宽化和红移;纳米晶粒的晶格膨胀导致 Raman散射峰红移随Fe含量增多而相应加大。     

Effects of the inhomogenous co doping on the magnetoresistance of Zn1-xCo(x)O epitaxial films

A series of Zn1-xCo(x)O epitaxial films around 100 nm with nominal Co concentration from 5% to 15% was prepared by ultra high vacuum (UHV) magnetron reactive sputtering. The optical, magnetic and magneto-transport properties of this series of Zn1-xCo(x)O epitaxial films were investigated, respectively. Resonant Raman spectra indicate the high structural and crystalline quality of these Zn1-xCo(x)O (5 < or = x < or = 15%) films, and confirm a consistent correlation between the substituting Co ions content with the Co doping concentration as well. Paramagnetism, superparamagnetism and ferromagnetism with altered Curie temperature from low temperatures to above room temperatures have been observed in these films by SQUID magnetometry. The broad blocking temperature range indicates the presence of inhomogenous distribution of the magnetic nano-clusters in the superparamagnetic films. However, the magneto-transport behaviors do not strongly respond to the change of the magnetic properties from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism of these Zn1-xCo(x)O films. The lack of efficient coupling between the inhomogenous magnetic nanoclusters and the carrier system in ferromagnetic Zn1-xCo(x)O films highlights the absence of the intrinsic magnetic origins in high structural quality Zn1-xCo(x)O (5 < or = x < or = 15%) epitaxial films. On the other hand, the competition between the spin alignments and the inhomogenous local disorder effect by magnetic ions is suggested to be responsible for the carrier properties and the oberseved magnetoresistance in these Co doping Zn1-xCo(x)O (5 < or = x < or = 15%) epitaxial films.     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂中过渡金属离子的状态及其间的相互作用

讨论了Ｂ位二元复下钛矿型复合氧化物ＬａＭｙＭ＇１－ｙＯ３（Ｍ，Ｍ＇＝Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ；ｙ＝０．０￣１．０）中过渡金属离子的状态及其间的相互作用。在Ｍｎ－Ｃｏ复合体系中，富锰区（ｙ〉０．５）Ｍｎ＾３＋－Ｏ＾２－－Ｍｎ＾４＋的铁磁超交换作用对样品的磁性起决定作用。富钴区（ｙ〉０．５）Ｃｏ＾２＋和Ｃｏ＾ＩＩＩ离子的存在及其浓度是影响磁性和电导性的主要因素。ｙ＝０．５时样品的结构决定了样品的强铁磁性质。在     

Spin-on spintronics: ultrafast electron spin dynamics in ZnO and Zn₁-xCoxO sol-gel films

We use time-resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy to probe the electron spin dynamics in ZnO and magnetically doped Zn(1-x)Co(x)O sol-gel thin films. In undoped ZnO, we observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the ensemble spin dephasing time T(2), i.e., longer coherence times at higher temperatures, reaching T(2) ～ 1.2 ns at room temperature. Time-resolved transmission measurements suggest that this effect arises from hole trapping at grain surfaces. Deliberate addition of Co(2+) to ZnO increases the effective electron Lande? g factor, providing the first direct determination of the mean-field electron-Co(2+) exchange energy in Zn(1-x)Co(x)O (N(0)α = +0.25 ± 0.02 eV). In Zn(1-x)Co(x)O, T(2) also increases with increasing temperature, allowing spin precession to be observed even at room temperature.     

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of nanocrystalline Pr(1-x)A(x)Mn(1-y)Co(y)O3 (A = Ca, Sr) (x = 0.3; y = 0.5) manganites

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of sol-gel prepared, nanocrystalline oxides Pr(1-x)A(x)Mn(1-y)Co(y)O3 (A = Ca, Sr) (x = 0.3; y = 0.5) (cubic, space group Fm3m) have been studied. From the X-ray data, the crystallite size of Pro.7Ca0.3Mn0.5Co0,503 and Pr0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3 samples is found to be approximately 24 nm and approximately15 nm respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy image shows average particle size of approximately 34 nm and approximately 20 nm. Magnetization measurements indicate a Curie temperature of approximately 153 K and approximately172 K in applied magnetic field of 100 Oe for Pr0.7Ca0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3 and Pr0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Co0.O3 compounds. The magnetization versus applied magnetic field curves obtained at temperatures below 150 K show significant hysteresis and magnetization is not saturated even in a field of 7 T. The magnetocaloric effect is calculated from M versus H data obtained at various temperatures. Magnetic entropy change shows a maximum near T(c) for both the samples and is of the order approximately 2.5 J/kg/K.     

Organic multiferroic tunnel junctions with ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) barriers

Organic materials are promising for applications in spintronics due to their long spin-relaxation times in addition to their chemical flexibility and relatively low production costs. Most studies of organic materials for spintronics focus on nonpolar dielectrics or semiconductors, serving as passive elements in spin transport devices. Here, we demonstrate that employing organic ferroelectrics, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), as barriers in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) allows new functionality in controlling the tunneling spin polarization via the ferroelectric polarization of the barrier. Using first-principles methods based on density functional theory we investigate the spin-resolved conductance of Co/PVDF/Co and Co/PVDF/Fe/Co MTJs as model systems. We show that these tunnel junctions exhibit multiple resistance states associated with different magnetization configurations of the electrodes and ferroelectric polarization orientations of the barrier. Our results indicate that organic ferroelectrics may open a new and promising route in organic spintronics with implications for low-power electronics and nonvolatile data storage.