多级孔分子筛对四氢萘加氢生产轻质芳烃的影响

以多级孔Y分子筛为酸性组分,四硫代钼酸铵为金属前驱物,采用孔饱和浸渍法制备预硫化型催化剂,采用XRD、BET、TEM、NH3-TPD和Py-IR等分析方法表征分子筛结构性质。以四氢萘为模型化合物,在高压加氢微反装置上考察多级孔Y分子筛对四氢萘选择性加氢裂化性能的影响。结果表明,与参比分子筛相比,介孔比例高、介孔孔径尺寸适宜、介孔集中度高和酸性适中的多级孔Y型分子筛能够强化四氢萘转化及提高C_6~C_(10)和C_6~C_8单环芳烃收率;介孔孔径尺寸过大或介孔集中度低会提高重产物收率。实验条件下,C_6~C_(10)和C_6~C_8单环芳烃收率分别可达41.5%和24.0%。     

高温下工业NiW/Al2O3催化剂上萘的加氢饱和反应

在中压固定床中,高温条件下研究了工业NiW/Al2O3催化剂上硫化氢气氛中反应温度、反应压力和空速对萘加氢饱和反应过程的影响。实验结果表明,在液时空速为10—30 h-1,氢油体积比为800,高反应温度区320—380℃的实验条件下,萘加氢主要生成四氢萘和十氢萘,而进一步加氢裂化产物较少;提高反应温度,萘转化率和四氢萘的收率下降,加氢裂化产物略有升高,表明高温不利于芳环的加氢饱和;提高加氢反应压力,萘的转化率和四氢萘的芳环加氢程度提高;综合反应结果,提出了高温条件下萘加氢的简化可逆连串反应途径。     

多级孔分子筛在重油加氢裂化催化剂的应用进展

分子筛是加氢裂化催化剂关键组分,其性质影响着加氢裂化反应效率和产品分布。微孔分子筛的孔结构降低了大分子反应物的扩散效率和酸中心的可及性,不宜直接用作加氢裂化催化剂的载体。本文从分子筛的孔结构和酸中心可及性的角度出发,介绍了具有多级孔体系的分子筛和具有核壳结构分子筛的加氢裂化性能。与相应的参比剂比较,分子筛的多级孔结构能大幅提高反应物种的扩散效率和酸中心的可及性,呈现出更好的催化活性、稳定性以及目标产物选择性。此外,金属加氢活性中心与分子筛裂化活性中心的合理调配,也是多级孔分子筛在重油加氢裂化应用中面临的挑战。     

Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gasoil on NiMoW/AAS-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Trimetallic Catalysts: Effect of the W : Mo Ratio

The effect of the W: (W + Mo) atomic ratio in NiMoW trimetallic catalysts on their catalytic and physicochemical properties is studied. The catalysts are prepared by impregnating a carrier containing amorphous aluminosilicate (AAS) and aluminium oxide with an aqueous solution containing Ni, Mo, W compounds, and citric acid. They are studied via XRF, TEM, NH₃ TPD, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and are tested in the hydrocracking of vacuum gasoil (VGO). The average length of a sulfide active component layer shrinks as the amount of Mo increases and the amount of W in the catalyst is reduced. XPS data indicate that the degree of sulfidation of tungsten in NiMoW trimetallic catalysts is lower than in NiW catalyst. Testing of the catalysts in hydrocracking of a straight-line VGO at 390–420°C, 16 MPa, a feedstock hourly space velocity (FHSV) of 0.71 h^?1, and a H₂: VGO ratio of 1200 L/L shows the activities of hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking grow along with the W: (W + Mo) ratio. When the process pressure is high and the amount of sulfur in the NiW feedstock is low, the catalysts have higher activity in the target reactions of VGO hydrocracking than NiMo catalyst.     

Hydrocracking ofn-heptane on a sulfided NiMo-Y zeolite catalyst: effect of the sulfidation method

The activity and the selectivity of a bifunctional NiMo sulfides-Y zeolite catalyst forn-heptane hydrocracking depend very much on the sulfidation agent, namely hydrogen sulfide, or dimethyldisulfide in solution inn-heptane orn-decane. The presence of a hydrocarbon during the sulfidation lowers the acid activity of the catalyst because of coking of the zeolite acid sites, and also decreases the hydrogenating activity, due to a poorer sulfidation of the catalyst.     

Y分子筛处理方式对催化剂及费托蜡加氢裂化性能的影响

选择Ni／W为加氢金属组分,金属改性Y和Al2O3作为载体,制备不同金属溶液处理加氢裂化催化剂,采用加氢金属溶液调节NH4Y分子筛的物化性质,考察金属预处理方式对催化剂物性结构及加氢裂化反应性能的影响。结果表明,经金属溶液处理后,催化剂活性和柴油选择性比非金属溶液处理的催化剂均有显著提高。NH4Y分子筛经过偏钨酸铵溶液处理后,W^6＋进入分子筛孔道或笼内,与酸性位形成较强的离子键,降低催化剂的B酸,同时使金属离子与酸性位点间的距离适当减小,使得费托蜡加氢裂化在高转化率下得到较好的柴油选择性。     

丝光沸石的酸性调变及其催化四氢萘裂解反应性能

以铵型丝光沸石为母体,采用高温焙烧处理及不同条件酸处理,利用XRD、FT-IR、ICP、²⁷Al NMR和N₂吸附-脱附等考察分子筛物化性质,并探索其催化四氢萘裂解反应的性能差异。结果表明,通过高温焙烧及2a mol·L^-1丁二酸处理,可以有效脱除分子筛铝原子,提高硅铝比,降低酸密度和单位酸量。在四氢萘催化裂解反应中,实现酸催化反应稳定性,以及目的产物选择性的提高。     

低温费托合成蜡油加氢裂化精制技术的研究进展

低温费托合成技术因具有产品质量性好、反应耗能低、生产能力大且催化剂种类广泛等优点在煤化工领域备受关注,低温费托合成的蜡油产品可通过加氢裂化精制获取高品质清洁油品,具有巨大的应用价值。本文首先阐述了费托合成的产物特性,分析了加氢裂化过程的反应特点、双功能催化剂的碳正离子反应机理及蜡油主要反应历程。在此基础上,着重综述了蜡油加氢裂化双功能催化剂的研究进展,讨论了活性金属组分、载体以及助剂对加氢裂化过程的影响,分析表明活性金属的负载量、载体的酸量和孔道结构对催化性能有极大影响,合理优化和平衡加氢金属活性位和裂解酸性位是确保蜡油加氢裂化催化剂活性的关键。更为重要的是,基于分子筛载体的择形效应,实现载体多级孔结构和活性位的理性集成无疑会促进蜡油加氢产物的合理分布。     

Hydrodesulfurization over noble metals supported on ZSM-5 zeolites

Pt/HZSM-5 showed high and stable catalytic activity for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene at 400°C and its catalytic activity was higher than that of commercial CoMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Pt/HZSM-5 zeolite was not poisoned by hydrogen sulfide in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene and hydrocracking of hydrocarbons. The catalytic activity of Pt/HZSM-5 decreased with increase of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio in HZSM-5. The Brønsted acid site of HZSM-5 and spillover hydrogen formed on Pt particle in Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst play an important role for the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene.     

Coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of tetralin on potassium modified Pt/USY catalysts

Coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of tetralin (THN) on Pt/USY catalyst were performed on a high-pressure fixed-bed reactor. The effect of reaction temperature in range of 100–300 °C and the nature of the catalyst (metal and acid sites) on the catalytic performance were studied. The results indicated that the extent of hydrocracking, a sequential reaction of ring opening, should be reduced in order to maintain high yields of the ring opening products (ROP). Introduction of the Pt component accelerated the hydrogenation and ring opening of the THN significantly. It was also found to be an effective way to optimize the acid properties of the catalysts by introducing an appropriate amount of potassium to the catalyst, such that the strong acid sites of the catalysts were diminished, and a higher ROP yield could be obtained as a result of the inhibiting of the hydrocracking activity of the catalyst. When the yield of the C10 fractions could be maintained at 90 wt.%, then a maximal ROP yield of 35.6 wt.% could be obtained on a 0.5 wt.% Pt/USY catalyst loaded with 2.0 wt.% of K.     

磷改性USY分子筛催化剂上四氢萘选择性开环反应性能

通过P改性对USY分子筛酸量进行调节,考察酸量对四氢萘选择性开环反应的影响。结果表明,P改性后USY分子筛弱酸量增加,中强酸略增,强酸基本不变,P_(0.5)-USY分子筛弱酸量增加有利于四氢萘生成不饱和开环产物。负载贵金属Pt后,Pt_(0.4)/P_(0.5)-USY催化剂上四氢萘转化率99.37%,开环选择性40.79%,贵金属Pt的引入对结焦前驱体的生成有抑制作用。     

Methanation of carbon monoxide catalyzed by nickel/zeolite y and nickel/ η-alumina; effect of reduction time

The catalytic behavior of three nickel catalysts, viz. nickel supported on η-alumina and nickel supported on zeolite Y (prepared by impregnation and ion exchange methods) were investigated for the methanation reaction. All the catalysts were reduced in flowing hydrogen at 723 K for times varying from 6 h to 24 h. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were determined using a differential flow reactor. The catalysts were characterized using the techniques of hydrogen chemisorption and x-ray diffraction. Nickel metal areas were found to increase with reduction time for all catalysts. X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystallite size varied with reduction time in the case of Ni/zeolite Y catalyst (both impregnated and ion exchanged). Turnover numbers were found to vary with crystallite size and the maximum values of the turnover number were obtained for the catalysts having crystallite sizes of 14-16 nm. There appears to be strong evidence that reduction time can have an effect on catalytic activity; possibly by its effect on crystallite size. The effect of support on catalytic activity was more complicated as there appeared to be an interaction with reduction time. However, nickel/η-alumina appeared to be a more active catalyst than nickel/zeolite Y.     

Hydrocracking of heavy oil using zeolites Y/Al-SBA-15 composites as catalyst supports

A series of Y/Al-SBA-15 composites were prepared by a two-step synthesis procedure in mild acidic medium. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ sorption isotherms and TEM techniques. Catalytic cracking of cumene and 1,3,5-tri-isopropylbenzene was carried out as the probing reactions on these composites. The XRD results showed that these materials are composites of Al-SBA-15 and Y zeolite. N₂ sorption isotherms and TEM displayed that these composites were abundant in micropores and mesopores. At the same time, the mesopores may communicate with the␣micropores in some domains, which may result in the high catalytic activities of Y/Al-SBA-15 composites for the␣cracking of both small-molecule (cumene) and large-molecule (1,3,5-tri-isopropylbenzene) hydrocarbons. The existence of mesopores may also make the acid sites easily accessible for reactants. Catalysts of W–Ni supported on Y/Al-SBA-15 and modified Y zeolites with mesopores were prepared by impregnation method, and the hydrocracking of heavy oil was performed on these catalysts. The catalyst using zeolite Y/mesoporous Al-SBA-15 composites as support gave higher yield of diesel compared to the catalysts using modified zeolite Y as support. In addition, the higher aromatics potential of heavy naphtha and the significantly lower BMCI (U.S. Bureau of Correlation Index) of tail oil revealed Y/Al-SBA-15 composite catalyst possessed integrated performance in the hydrocracking of heavy oil. These results proved that the combination of Y zeolites and mesoporous Al-SBA-15 plays a great role in improving the performance of catalysts for hydrocracking heavy oils.     

流动体系中溢流氢在苯加氢催化反应中的作用

在连续常压固定床反应器上考察了 Pt/Al2 O3分别和惰性石英砂、脱铝 Y沸石、WO3/Al2 O3等组成的机械混合物上苯加氢反应的性能。发现虽然 Y沸石本身没有加氢活性 ,但它的加入可以显著提高 Pt/Al2 O3的活性 ,因为在 Pt中心上得到活化的氢可以快速溢流到邻近的沸石颗粒表面的酸中心上 ,并和吸附在其上的苯发生加氢反应生成环己烷和甲基环戊烷。由于深度脱铝的 Y沸石表面酸中心数减少而导致其上的甲基环戊烷的选择性降低。对于 Pt/Al2 O3和 WO3/Al2 O3的机械混合物来说 ,未在流动体系中观察到活性显著提高的现象。     

渣油加氢裂化反应中油溶性催化剂的抑焦性能

以辽河常压渣油为研究对象,通过高压釜模拟渣油加氢裂化反应,对不同油溶性催化剂体系反应后的生焦量、生焦状况及产物进行分析,深入研究渣油加氢裂化反应中油溶性催化剂的抑焦性能.研究表明,随着活性金属含量的增大,油溶性单金属Co催化剂和Ni催化剂的生焦量减少,Co - Fe或Ni - Fe复配体系具有协同效应,抑焦性能增强,由...     

NiMo/HY催化剂上四氢萘加氢裂化反应网络与热力学平衡分析

采用固定床反应器对四氢萘在NiMo/HY工业催化剂上的加氢裂化反应过程进行了研究,考察了反应温度对产物分布的影响,提出了四氢萘加氢裂化反应网络。该网络包含加氢、异构、脱氢、开环、脱烷基等12个反应,通过热力学计算,得到了这些反应的平衡常数,并据此求得各类产物的平衡收率及其随温度、压力和氢气/四氢萘（摩尔比）的变化规律。由热力学平衡分析得到的产物收率随反应条件的变化规律与实验结果较为吻合,表明本文构建的反应网络可以较好地描述NiMo/HY催化剂上的四氢萘加氢裂化反应体系。     

Hydro-conversion of 1-methyl naphthalene into (alkyl)benzenes over alumina-coated USY zeolite-supported NiMoS catalysts

Hydro-conversion reactions were carried out at 360 °C under 5 MPa of H₂ pressure to study ring opening reactions of 1-methyl naphthalene using NiMoS supported on γ-alumina and alumina-coated/mixed USY zeolites. The catalysts were characterized using N₂ BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pyridine FT-IR, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) to study the influence of morphological and acidic properties on hydrogenation (HYD) and hydrocracking (HC) reactions. NMACZ-2 (NiMoS supported on the minimum amount of alumina-coated USY zeolite) showed enhanced reactivity for HC and produced (alkyl)benzenes with the highest yield, of ca. 80%. By-products were tetralin, decalin and cyclo-paraffin species. The tetralin species produced using NMACZ-2 moved into the alumina-coated USY zeolite support before undergoing HYD to produce decalin species, which were rapidly and selectively hydro-cracked into (alkyl)benzenes. A large amount of decalin was produced through the HYD of tetralin without significant cracking, possibly due to the weak acid character of γ-alumina. Bulk phase Mo oxide species on NMAZ (physical mixture of alumina and USY zeolite), as well as deactivation of the catalysts due to coke formation over the naked zeolite surface, inhibited the ring opening of tetralin, decreasing the yield of (alkyl)benzene. Various morphologies, such as the MoS₂ structure and acidic characteristics of the catalysts, were crucial factors affecting the HC reactivity of 1-methyl naphthalene.     

钙改性MCM-22分子筛催化剂上单十二烷基磷酸酯的绿色合成

引言单十二烷基磷酸酯(MAP)是一类应用较广的阴离子表面活性剂,通常由长链醇和磷酰化剂反应制得[1]。采用等摩尔比磷酸法制备烷基磷酸单酯是一条绿色的合成路线[2],但是由于磷酸浓度低,反应活性不高,一般使用催化剂来加快反应[3-6],但是其合成是一种大分子反应,且反应过程中伴随相应的双十二烷基磷酸酯的生成,选择单酯选择性好且优良的催化剂成为必要。     

Zr改性Y分子筛中油型加氢裂化催化剂设计制备

采用等体积浸渍法对Y分子筛进行了Zr修饰改性,系统考察了不同用量Zr对改性Y分子筛的结构、催化剂的理化性质和加氢裂化反应性能的影响规律。通过XRD、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR和TEM等方法对改性分子筛和催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明：Zr改性降低了Y分子筛的酸量,随着改性Zr用量的增加,这种变化趋势不断增大。同时,Zr改性有效地削弱了分子筛催化剂中金属活性组分与载体间的作用,提高了W物种在催化剂表面的分散程度。加氢裂化反应结果表明：与Y分子筛催化剂相比,Zr改性Y分子筛催化剂的减压馏分油(VGO)转化率降低,中间馏分油选择性提高约20%,随着改性Zr用量的增加,VGO的转化率不断降低,中间馏分油选择性略有增加。     

A role of molybdenum and shape selectivity of catalysts in simultaneous reactions of hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization

The hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of n-heptane containing 0.2 mole% dibenzothiophene (DBT) were performed simultaneously using NiPtMo catalysts supported on HZSM-5, LaY and γ-Al₂O₃ in a high pressure fixed bed reactor. Molybdenum played an important role in both hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). We found that the sulfur compound, dibenzothiophene (DBT). in the reactant was adsorbed on a molybdenum site and converted to hydrogen sulfide so that the active sites of the catalysts for hydrocracking were less poisoned by DBT and the conversion of n-heptane over molybdenum impregnated catalyst was higher than that over molybdenum-free catalyst. The crystal structures of the molybdenum supported on the zeolite and γ-Al₂O₃ were mainly MoO_2.5 (OH)_0.5[021] and MoO₃[210] respectively as shown by XRD analysis. The structure of MoO_2.5(OH)_0.5 was easily reduced to MoS₂[003] during the reaction. After the reaction of 100 hours over the catalyst supported on γ-Al₂O₃ the crystal structure of MoO₃[210] partially changed to MoO₃[300] and the structure of MoS₂[003] was not observed. Because of the reactant shape selectivity of zeolite, the acid and the metal sites in the intracrystalline of the catalysts supported on zeolites were less poisoned by DBT. Therefore, both hydrocracking and HDS using n-heptane containing 0.2 mole% of DBT were successfully demonstrated over the prepared catalysts.