含硅铬铁矿粉微波加热体还原显微矿相结构分析

本文研究了含硅铬铁矿粉在碱度1.60~1.80的条件下微波加热体还原物料的显微矿相结构。在温度1 100℃、1 200℃、1 300℃(大气压且无保护气氛)时,含硅铬铁粉矿在微波冶炼条件下的显微矿相结构以热碎裂还原结构以及铬铁矿粉颗粒周围渣相结构为主,随着冶炼温度的提高热碎裂也逐渐加剧。被还原的铬铁矿颗粒表面由最初边缘到内部的细小热碎裂还原结构扩展到最后的完全崩裂结构,且Cr Fe金属相中铬、铁含量也随着冶炼温度的提高而增加。最终在1 300℃时实现渣金相完全分离。     

含碳铬矿粉微波加热体还原显微矿相结构的研究

本文研究了含碳铬矿粉在C:O原子摩尔比为0.84、CaO:SiO2分子摩尔比为0.39条件下微波加热体还原物料的显微矿相结构.在温度为1 000℃、1 100℃、1 200℃、1 300℃(大气压力下且无保护气氛)时,还原物料的显微矿相结构主要为铬矿微细热碎裂还原结构和矿颗粒周围的渣相结构,显微热碎裂还原结构随温度的提高而加剧.被还原的铬矿颗粒由最初边部微细热碎裂还原结构扩展到整体热碎裂还原崩解结构,且金属CrFe相中的Fe随着温度的提高而增加.在1 300℃时,由于碳量的不足,导致金属CrFe相局部氧化,还原率降低.     

微波加热高碳铬铁粉气-固相流化脱碳热力学研究

微波加热高碳铬铁粉流态化脱碳是一种简捷的无渣脱碳法,既能获得中低碳铬铁粉,又可避免有害铬渣的排放。高碳铬铁粉气-固相流化脱碳,气体脱碳剂的选择、气-固相流化脱碳热力学条件以及铬氧化热力学就成为试验研究的基础问题。热力学计算研究表明,微波加热温度分别高于298,1380和1435K时,气体脱碳剂O2、CO2、H2O（g）开始和高碳铬铁粉颗粒发生气-固相流化脱碳反应。由于脱碳生成的铬铁素体易被气体脱碳剂所氧化,使得脱碳反应由高碳铬铁粉颗粒表面的气-固相脱碳反应转变为颗粒内部的铬铁碳化物与铬铁氧化物之间的固一固相反应,从而可在一定的微波加热温度、流化时间下实现高碳铬铁粉的深度脱碳。     

自熔性烧结含碳球团铁连晶形成动力学过程

链连晶是保持含碳球团热强度的金属骨架。在还原气氛条件下，反应温度600～700℃时，金属铁雏晶形成；铁连晶的形成存在一个临界温度700～750℃。实验表明，低于这个临界温度，即使长时间保温，铁连晶也不易形成；只有当加速率足够大时才会导致铁连晶的形成。在温度确定后，碳的固溶过程是时间的函数，在极短的时间内快速升温是提高含碳球团强度的有效途径。     

微波作用下碳灰颗粒的形貌变化

强辐射激光已被发现可使纳米碳灰颗粒内部发生快速的结构变化,甚至可用来直接制备出洋葱状的巴基葱.研究了作用面更广的辐射场,即微波与碳灰纳米颗粒之间的相互作用.以金属基底作辅助,发现玻璃真空腔中的样品在微波照射下亦出现快速的内部结构变化,并呈现出洋葱状的多缺陷巴基葱.利用高分辨透射电镜和气体发光等手段研究了这一变化过程,发现C2分子仍为这一过程中的最小基本单元,这为该结构的变化机理提供了有效依据.     

紫外激光辐照对碳纳米管形态的影响

采用波长为355 nm的紫外激光对双壁碳纳米管（DWNTs)长丝进行了辐照实验并用扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉曼光谱进行了检测。在紫外激光作用下，随着激光线能量的不同，双壁碳纳米管长丝内发生了一定的形态变化。入射激光线能量为103 mW·cm-2/mm数量级时双壁碳纳米管长丝中的变化最为明显。当入射激光线能量在此数量级以下时，双壁碳纳米管中的结构变化较小，主要出现了一些团聚的铁颗粒;激光线能量达到该数量级时，产生了大量铁颗粒，部分双壁碳纳米管转化为碳纳米葱;激光线能量超过此数量级时，铁颗粒减少而碳纳米葱增多，尺寸增大。     

铁镍合金与碳纳米管复合物的制备及吸波性能

以采用溶胶凝胶结合氢气还原法制备出的铁镍合金纳米颗粒为催化剂,原位裂解苯,成功合成铁镍合金与纳米碳管的复合物。场发射扫描电镜和高分辨透射电镜结果显示复合物为一维纳米管状结构。微波电磁参数测量结果表明:随着试样厚度的增加,匹配频率处的理论反射损耗量呈下降趋势;当厚度为1.5mm时,FeNi22@C复合物的微波吸收效果最好,在频率11.35GHz处反射损耗量为-4.74dB;可以通过改变铁镍合金中各成分的比例、复合物吸收厚度,调整复合物的复数介电常数和复数磁导率,优化复合物的微波吸收性能。     

三价铁源制备LiFePO_4的研究进展

介绍了近年来兴起的以三价铁化合物为铁源制备LiFePO4正极材料的碳热还原法,概述了FePO4、Fe2O3等三价铁源的性质、晶体结构、相结构、微观形貌及不同制备方法与工艺参数对三价铁源微观结构的影响等方面的研究进展。比较了不同碳源和不同三价铁源制备的LiFePO4正极材料的电化学性能。同时,指出了未来电池材料专用三价铁源制备的研发方向。     

江西某地褐铁矿石的显微特征及成因意义

江西的石碳纪早期地史是从西往东由滨海相转为海陆交互相再到河湖相。中部局部有铁矿层存在，但都比较薄，且以鲕状赤铁矿为主。而沉积成的褐铁矿矿层未见报道。笔者调查江西新余某地的石碳纪早期梓山组地层时，发现一褐铁矿矿层。在铁矿层露头采集样品，经磨制成光片，反光显微镜观察，发现一些特有的胶态结构特征。     

不同气氛保护下退火制备的CuO/SiO2复合薄膜微观结构分析

采用射频磁控共溅射法在Si (111)衬底上沉积Cu/SiO2 复合薄膜,然后在N2和NH3保护下高温退火,再于空气中自然冷却氧化,制备出CuO结构,并对其微观结构进行分析. N2保护下退火温度为1100℃时样品中主晶相为立方晶系的CuO (200）晶面,薄膜样品表面出现纳米线状结构,表面组分主要包括Cu,O元素,冷却氧化形成CuO/SiO2复合薄膜. NH3气氛保护下退火,随着退火温度的升高,CuO由单斜晶相逐渐转变为立方晶相,CuO薄膜结晶质量提高. 样品于900℃和1100℃退火后,形成有序散落的微米级颗粒,前者由粒状团簇组成,颗粒表面比较粗糙;后者由片融状小颗粒融合而成,颗粒表面比较光滑.     

热处理对羰基铁粉磁性能和吸波性能的影响

为了改善羰基铁粉的微观结构和吸波性能,对羰基铁粉吸收剂在氮气氛下进行了热处理,热处理温度为300℃,热处理时间为30 h,研究了羰基铁粉的磁性能和在2～18 GHz的吸波性能。以热处理前后羰基铁粉作为吸收剂制备了单层吸波涂层,涂层的厚度为1.2 mm时,热处理羰基铁粉吸波涂层在10.2～15.4 GHz反射率R小于-10 dB,反射率小于-10 dB的频宽为5.2 GHz,反射率小于-5 dB的频宽为10 GHz;最大吸收峰在12.8 GHz,反射率R为-22.68 dB。磁性能研究表明,热处理后随着矫顽力的增加,在2～18 GHz羰基铁粉的微波吸收峰向高频移动,而且吸收峰变宽,吸波性能得到大幅提高。     

Engineering Iron Oxide Hollow Nanospheres to Enhance Antimicrobial Property: Understanding the Cytotoxic Origin in Organic Rich Environment

Engineered magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with surprisingly high antimicrobial activity and excellent safety profiles to mammalian cell lines have been developed. Hematite hollow nanospheres (HNSs) are prepared by a facile hard templating method; reduction of hematite HNSs by H₂ leads to magnetite HNSs. The antimicrobial activity of magnetite HNSs towards Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) bacteria is evaluated against hematite HNSs and conventional magnetite (C‐magnetite; diameter <50 nm). Superior antibacterial performance is observed for magnetite HNSs towards both E. coli and S. epidermidis over hematite HNSs and C‐magnetite. The origin of the antimicrobial activity of magnetite HNSs is the high leaching of iron ions in the presence of microorganisms, which leads to high generation of reactive oxygen species. Magnetite HNSs allow multiple‐fold increase in the generation of soluble iron ions over hematite HNSs and C‐magnetite, showing that control over both the composition and nanostructure is crucial to tune the antimicrobial activity of iron oxides. Based on the current findings, magnetic HNSs show promising potential antimicrobial applications.     

矿井提升机的变频调速改造

矿井提升机是煤矿、铁矿、有色金属矿生产过程中的最要设备。提升机的安全、可靠运行，直接关系到企业的生产状况和经济效益。本文介绍的是四川某煤矿斜井绞车提升机采用森兰SB61G75kw变频器进行改造的实例及所取得的一协能等效益。     

Si取代对BiNbO4烧结及微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备样品,研究了SiO2掺杂对BiNbO4烧结特性、微观结构、介电性能的影响。利用HP8753E网络分析仪测试样品微波性能。实验结果表明,Si取代后样品逐渐出现了三斜相,随着Si取代量的增加,BiNbO4陶瓷的烧结温度升高,晶粒变大、形状变不规则、样品Q值减小、谐振频率温度系数由正值向负值转变。     

Microwave Arcing Induced Formation and Growth Mechanisms of Core/Shell Metal/Carbon Nanoparticles in Organic Solutions

Well‐graphitized core/shell iron/carbon nanoparticles (Fe@CNPs) were formed in toluene solutions containing Fe(CO)₅‐C_60/70 via an novel microwave arcing process. High temperature γ‐Fe phase was found to be stable at room temperature when encapsulated inside graphene shells. In the absence of C_60/70, the structures of graphene shells are poor. Pre‐synthesized Co nanoparticles were used as templates for the growth of graphene shells in toluene‐C_60/70 solutions. Via acid etching and removal of the central core Co nanoparticles, hollow carbon nanoparticles could be obtained. Further thermal annealing by focused microwave irradiation leads to merging of small core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles into large ones, as well as conversion of body centered cubic (bcc) α‐Fe to face centered cubic (fcc) γ‐Fe. The possible growth mechanisms of core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles were discussed.     

Influence of MWCNTs on the formation,structure and magnetic properties of magnetite

Solvothermal method was utilized to prepare iron oxide powders and iron oxide–MWCNT nanocomposites using iron chloride III, ethylene glycol and sodium acetate. The influence of MWCNTs on the formation, structure and magnetic properties of magnetite was investigated. The contraction of lattice parameter was occurred in the magnetite–MWCNT nanocomposite, which indicated that there is a competition between the reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ by the decomposition of ethylene glycol assisted by sodium acetate, and the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ by MWCNTs leading to the vacancies. The amount of these vacancies represents the degree of phase transition from near magnetite to near maghemite. Magnetic properties of the product were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. Saturation magnetization of magnetite was 91 emu/g that is about the bulk magnetization. The observed magnetic moments per formula unit, estimated by saturation magnetization are in good agreement with magnetic moments per formula unit calculated from iron ion distribution among the two interstitial (tetrahedral and octahedral) sites. The results were confirmed by FESEM, TEM and UV–vis analyzes.     

Large‐Scale Synthesis of Uniform and Crystalline Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Reverse Micelles as Nanoreactors under Reflux Conditions

We have synthesized uniform and highly crystalline magnetite nanoparticles from the reaction of iron salts in microemulsion nanoreactors. The particle size can be controlled from 2 nm to 10 nm by varying the relative concentrations of the iron salts, surfactant, and solvent. Transmission electron microscope images of the nanoparticles reveal that they are very uniform in size distribution. Structural characterization using X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism shows that the nanoparticles are magnetite. The magnetic characterization of the nanoparticles showed that they are superparamagnetic at room temperature. Using a similar synthetic procedure, we have been able to synthesize nanoparticles of several mixed metal ferrites including cobalt ferrite, manganese ferrite, nickel ferrite, and zinc ferrite.     

BaTiO_3掺杂羰基铁粉复合材料吸波性能研究

BaTiO_3介电材料在微波频段具有良好的介电频散特性,可通过在羰基铁粉吸收剂中掺杂 BaTiO_3改良其频散特性。采用固相合成法在不同温度下制备了 BaTiO_3粉体,测试表明,制备的 BaTiO_3粉体形成了单一的四方相晶体结构,具有很高的纯度和结晶度、较好的频散特性。在羰基铁粉中掺杂不同含量的 BaTiO_3粉体,使用同轴线方法测试了复合粉体在2～18 GHz 频段范围内的介电常数和磁导率,基于传输线理论计算获得了复合粉体的反射系数,对比结果显示:BaTiO_3粉体的掺入,明显改进了羰基铁粉介电常数的频散特性,有效地提高了低频波段(2～5 GHz)的吸收性能,含有4%BaTiO_3(质量分数)的样品在3 GHz 处的反射系数达到-8 dB。适当比例 BaTiO_3和羰基铁的混合粉体有望成为性能优越的低频波段吸波材料。     

Interstitial iron concentrations across multicrystalline silicon wafers via photoluminescence imaging

We present high‐resolution images of the lateral distribution of interstitial iron across wafers from various positions along the length of a directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon ingot. Iron images were taken on wafers in the as‐cut state and also after two different phosphorus gettering steps performed at 845°C for 30 min, one with an additional anneal at 600°C for 5 h (referred to as extended gettering). The iron images were obtained by taking calibrated photoluminescence (PL) images of the low injection carrier lifetimes, before and after dissociation of iron–boron pairs via strong illumination. The iron images clearly reveal the internal gettering of iron during ingot cooling to grain boundaries and dislocation clusters, resulting in much lower dissolved iron concentrations at those features. In contrast, the PL images of gettered wafers exhibit a reversed distribution of dissolved iron compared to the as‐cut wafers, in other words, with higher interstitial iron concentrations at the grain boundaries than within the grains, most probably owing to the precipitated iron at the grain boundaries partly dissolving during the high‐temperature gettering process. Phosphorus gettering was found to result in a significant reduction of interstitial iron both inside the grains and at grain boundaries. The extended gettering resulted in a further significant reduction in all parts of the wafers and along all sections of the ingot. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

合金铸铁光束相变硬化层的组织和硬度

采用５ｋＷ光束加热设备对珠光体合金灰铸铁进行了表面相变硬化处理。研究了相变层的组织和硬度特征,以及光束能量参数对相变层组织和硬度的影响规律。实验结果表明,合金铸铁光束表面相变硬化层由与基材相邻的不完全相变区及表面完全相变区组成。完全相变区的组织是马氏体,随能量密度提高马氏体针片尺寸增加,硬度降低。不完全相变区是残余珠光体与托氏体型珠光体的混合组织,其硬度较完全相变区显著下降。采用光束相变硬化处理可在灰铸铁表面获得深度 ０．２ｍｍ以上,硬度近 ９００ｋｇ／ｍｍ２的强化层。