The coupling between hydrodynamic and purification efficiencies of ecological porous spur-dike in field drainage ditch

In this study, a series of ecological porous spur-dikes are arranged in an experiment channel to simulate a real field drainage ditch. The inside and outside flow fields of spur-dikes are determined by numerical simulations and experimental methods. An Ammonia-Nitrogen(NH_3-N) degradation evaluation model is built to calculate the pollution removal rate by coupling with the inner flow field of the porous spur-dikes. The variations of the total pollutant removal rate in the channel are discussed in terms of different porosities and gap distances between spur-dikes and inlet flow velocities. It is indicated that a reasonable parameter matching of the porosity and the gap distance with the flow velocity of the ditch can bring about a satisfactory purification efficiency with a small delivery quantity of ecological porous materials.     

Effects of surfactant on bubble hydrodynamic behavior under flotation-related conditions in wastewater

Bubble behavior is fundamental to the performance of froth flotation operations used in wastewater treatment processes. To fully understand and characterize bubble behavior under flotation-related conditions in wastewater, the high-speed photographic method has been employed to examine the motion of single bubbles and size distribution of bubble swarms with intermediate sizes ranging from 1 to 4 mm in the presence of surfactants in a laboratory scale flotation column. Both distilled water and synthetic municipal wastewater have been used to make solutions as well as two types of common surfactants. The instantaneous bubble motion has been recorded by a high speed camera. Subsequently, bubble trajectory, dimensions, velocity and distribution have been determined from the recorded frames using the image analysis software. The experimental results show that the addition of surfactant into wastewater has similar effects on bubble hydrodynamic behavior as in pure water (e.g., improving trajectory stabilization, dampening bubble deformation, slowing down terminal velocity, reducing bubble size and increasing the specific surface area of bubble swarm) due to the Marangoni effect. However, it is interesting to note that surfactant effects on single bubble hydrodynamics in wastewater are slightly stronger than those in pure water while surfactant effects on size parameters of bubble swarms in wastewater are significantly stronger than those in pure water. This finding suggests that besides surfactant, inorganic salts present in synthetic wastewater have an important influence on bubble dispersion.     

The prediction of external flow field and hydrodynamic force with limited data using deep neural network

Predicting the external flow field with limited data or limited measurements has attracted long-time interests of researchers in many industrial applications.Physics informed neural network(PINN)provides a seamless framework for combining the measured data with the deep neural network,making the neural network capable of executing certain physical constraints.Unlike the data-driven model to learn the end-to-end mapping between the sensor data and high-dimensional flow field,PINN need no prior high-dimensional field as the training dataset and can construct the mapping from sensor data to high dimensional flow field directly.However,the extrapolation of the flow field in the temporal direction is limited due to the lack of training data.Therefore,we apply the long short-term memory(LSTM)network and physics-informed neural network(PINN)to predict the flow field and hydrodynamic force in the future temporal domain with limited data measured in the spatial domain.The physical constraints(conservation laws of fluid flow,e.g.,Navier-Stokes equations)are embedded into the loss function to enforce the trained neural network to capture some latent physical relation between the output fluid parameters and input tempo-spatial parameters.The sparsely measured points in this work are obtained from computational fluid dynamics(CFD)solver based on the local radial basis function(RBF)method.Different numbers of spatial measured points(4-35)downstream the cylinder are trained with/without the prior knowledge of Reynolds number to validate the availability and accuracy of the proposed approach.More practical applications of flow field prediction can compute the drag and lift force along with the cylinder,while different geometry shapes are taken into account.By comparing the flow field reconstruction and force prediction with CFD results,the proposed approach produces a comparable level of accuracy while significantly fewer data in the spatial domain is needed.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach with a specific deep neural network configuration is of great potential for emerging cases where the measured data are often limited.     

某滨海地区水库库前生态净化系统方案设计

本文以华东某省L市的一个工业应急备用水源工程为例,主要围绕净化工艺选择、系统总体布局、湿地功能分区设计、植物群落配置和土壤盐分影响控制措施等方面介绍了滨海地区水库库前生态净化系统的方案设计,并对项目效益进行了分析,最终分析结果显示,库前湿地净化技术的应用具备显著的经济效益、突出的生态环境效益和良好的社会效益,以期为我国...     

窄边非加热区对窄缝流道内流场和温场影响的数值模拟

本文运用商用流体动力学软件CFX数值模拟了非加热区对窄缝流道内流场和温场的影响。研究表明,窄缝内横截面中心线上的速度呈梯形分布,窄边附近流速较低,中间高;宽边完全加热时,流体不足以带出加热板发出的热量,使得角部出现热集中现象;而在角部设计有非加热区后,角部热集中现象得到解决,并且非加热区的存在并没有降低主流的速度。     

Oscillatory velocity in boundary layer over mobile sediment bed under asymmetric wave and current conditions

The oscillatory flow provides the major dynamic force for the mass and energy transport in estuary and coastal areas.An analytical approximate velocity formula ...     

Adsorption of phosphorus in sediment re-suspension under sudden expansion flow conditions

Based on the study of hydraulic characteristics of the sudden expansion water flow of an annular flume, this paper determines the vertical velocity distribution and the turbulence intensity distribution in the mainstream and the recirculation regions to analyze the basic features of this flow field. The adsorption of the phosphorus in the sediment is studied by adding the bacteriostatic agent. The results show that the flow speed in the mainstream region is higher than that in the recirculation region. However, the turbulence intensity in the recirculation region increases more than that in the mainstream region. The adsorption of the phosphorus in the sediment includes the physisorption and the biosorption, and the former is stronger than the latter. With the biosorption in the phosphorus removal process, the phosphorus released by the sediment is mainly completed by the poly-P bacteria in the anaerobic condition. The adsorption of the phosphorus in the sediment in the mainstream region of a sudden expansion water flow is strong and stable, whereas the adsorption in the sediment in the recirculation region is largely fluctuated.     

干湿条件下透水型生态混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验研究

随着工业化、 城镇化的迅速发展,水工建筑的抗硫酸盐侵蚀研究成为广大学者关注的重要领域.文章通过室内模拟试验,探讨了干湿条件下透水型生态混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.结果显示,硫酸盐溶液会对生态透水混凝土产生十分明显的侵蚀作用,且硫酸钠溶液的浓度越大,对生态透水混凝土的侵蚀作用越强.在相关河道工程设计建设中必须予以充分考虑,适...     

Experience in metrological checkup of means of geodetic measurement under field conditions

Means for checkup of geodetic instruments should be available. __________ Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 3, March 2006, pp. 42–44.     

水资源利用压力下的政策选择——生态补偿机制

选取2004年中国52个城市的截面数据．通过建立计量模型对其经济增长与水资源利用压力指标之间的关系进行了实证检验,并分析流域上下游城市经济增长与水资源利用压力指标的发展阶段与趋势,提出生态补偿机制是缓解流域水资源利用压力、解决流域水问题的一项政策选择。     

丁坝冲刷坑及下游回流区流场和紊动特性试验研究

通过超声多普勒测速仪NDV对已形成冲刷坑的情况下的丁坝流场和紊动动能进行细致的三维测量,结果表明,冲刷坑的存在使得回流范围比平底情况有所减小,较强的紊动动能主要分布在坝头和冲刷坑内,其中以坝头处水流分离区紊动动能最为强烈,主回流区交界处次之.冲刷坑的存在也使得丁坝后回流区的水流和紊动动能分布有较大调整.     

不同水动力扰动下沉水植物对沉积物重金属释放的影响

在风浪扰动条件下,沉积物再悬浮会造成重金属的二次释放。沉水植物可以有效地改变水流条件并抑制颗粒物再悬浮,从而一定程度地改善水体的生态环境。该文通过室内环形风动水槽模拟实验,利用ADV测流技术与悬浮颗粒物(SPM)浓度表征悬浮量的方法,分析不同水动力条件下沉水植物苦草对水流条件的影响及再悬浮过程8 h内SPM的浓度变化,并测定试验周期(35天)内重金属(Ni、Cd)于上覆水、间隙水及沉积物中的分布情况,研究不同水动力下水生植物对重金属再悬浮的影响规律。结果表明,在风速分别为3.21 m/s(小风)、5.95 m/s(中风)和8.78 m/s(大风)时3种风力的扰动作用下,植物有效高度内流速低且流速梯度小,而冠层至水面高度内流速梯度较大,水流结构以植物冠层为拐点,呈"S"形分布。上覆水SPM浓度与无植物时相比显著降低,沉积物再悬浮率下降量(W)与风速(v)呈对数关系(W=0.2194ln(v)-0.2445)。不同水动力条件下,重金属(Ni、Cd)在上覆水、间隙水及沉积物中分布情况及变化规律相似。试验期间间隙水与沉积物中重金属含量变化整体呈现下降趋势,上覆水重金属含量上升。间隙水重金属释放量与风速呈对数关系,Ni、Cd释放量分别为39.55 ng(小风)/77.91 ng(中风)/110.04 ng(大风),以及1.10 ng(小风)/1.81 ng(中风)/2.80 ng(大风)。     

Unsteady flow structures in centrifugal pump under two types of stall conditions

The stall is an unsteady flow phenomenon that always causes instabilities and low efficiency for pumps. This paper focuses on the unsteady flow structures and evolutions under two types of stall conditions in centrifugal pump impellers. Two centrifugal pump impellers, one with 6 and another with 5 blades, are considered and a developed large-eddy simulation method is adopted. The results show that the alternative stall occurs in the impeller with 6 blades, while, the rotating stall is observed in that with 5 blades. The flow structure and the pressure fluctuation characteristics are further analyzed. For the alternative stall, the stall cells are fixed relative to the impeller, but a large vortex in the stalled passage is always swaying. The outlet vortex is generated from it, and then develops and sheds periodically. For the rotating stall, the stall cells first occur in the suction side of the blade. With the growth of the stall cells, the block area gradually increases until the inlet region is almost blocked, then moves to the pressure side with a continuous decay. When the rotating stall occurs, the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation is much larger than that under the alternative stall condition. The propagation of the stall cells has a significant effect on the pressure fluctuations in the impeller.     

重点河湖生态流量管控下的美丽幸福太湖流域片建设

为着力建设美丽幸福太湖,通过开展太湖流域片重点河湖生态流量研究及保障工作,深入系统调研典型河湖生态流量管控工作现状和主要问题,从确定生态保护对象、合理拟定保护目标、强化调度管理、做好监测预警、落实管控责任等方面提出了进一步加强生态流量管控的若干建议。     

不同径流下水库优化调度结果的比较分析

为了了解入库径流变化时水库优化调度的决策如何变化,探讨不同的径流过程优化调度结果的共同点,根据某实例的丰、平、枯水年的典型径流,用改进遗传算法进行水库优化调度仿真计算,对计算结果进行了分析比较,其结果对水库在径流不确定的条件下实现优化调度有一定的指导意义。     

寒冷地区高温干燥条件下混凝土面板裂缝控制

希尼尔水库位于新疆巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州境内,气候特点为高温、干燥、冬季寒冷。根据混凝土面板产生裂缝的原因,并结合工程区的气候特点,认为控制面板的塑性收缩、干缩与冷缩裂缝是防止裂缝产生的重点。通过采用高性能混凝土,合理的养护措施(微喷灌洒水技术),有效地防止了裂缝的产生,保证了工程质量。     

Optimising the performance of a lab-scale tidal flow reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater.

A gravel-based tidal flow reed bed system was operated with three different strategies in order to investigate its optimal performance for the treatment of a high strength agricultural wastewater. According to the three strategies, individual reed beds were saturated and unsaturated with the wastewater for different periods while reasonably stable hydraulic and organic loadings were maintained. Experimental results demonstrated that the system produced the highest pollutant removal efficiencies with a relatively short saturated period and long unsaturated period, highlighting the importance of oxygen transfer into reed bed matrices during the treatment. Significant removals of some major organic and inorganic pollutants were achieved under all three operational conditions. Nitrification was not the major route of ammoniacal-nitrogen removal when the system was under high organic loading. Due to the filtration of suspended solids and the accumulation of biomass, gradual clogging of the reed bed matrices took place, which caused concerns over the long-term efficiency of the tidal flow system.     

宁夏经济生态系统水资源合理配置研究

干旱地区经济发展与生态保护对水资源具有强烈的依赖作用，水资源的合理配置是缓解资源、经济与生态矛盾的根本途径。“宁夏经济生态系统水资源合理配置研究”项目正是基于干旱地区缺水的实际，针对其特有的水资源特点，提出了面向经济生态系统的水资源合理配置研究框架，开发建立了平原区分布式水循环模型、广义水资源合理配置模型等多个独创性模型，得出了对地区经济发展和水资源合理利用具有重要现实意义的战略结论。     

Influence of upstream disturbance on the draft-tube flow of Francis turbine under part-load conditions

Owing to the part-load operations for the enhancement of grid flexibility, the Francis turbine often suffers from severe low-frequency and large-amplitude hydraulic instability, which is mostly pertinent to the highly unsteady swirling vortex rope in the draft tube. The influence of disturbances in the upstream(e.g., large-scale vortex structures in the spiral casing) on the draft-tube vortex flow is not well understood yet. In the present paper, the influence of the upstream disturbances on the vortical flow in the draft tube is studied based on the vortex identification method and the analysis of several important parameters(e.g., the swirl number and the velocity profile). For a small guide vane opening(representing the part-load condition), the vortices triggered in the spiral casing propagate downstream and significantly affect the swirling vortex-rope precession in the draft tube, leading to the changes of the intensity and the processional frequency of the swirling vortex rope. When the guide vane opening approaches the optimum one(representing the full-load condition), the upstream disturbance becomes weaker and thus its influences on the downstream flow are very limited.