复杂边界水流数学模型的斜对角笛卡尔方法

在水流数值模拟中，对不规则边界的处理一直是人们关心的问题。本文所介绍的斜对角笛卡尔方法是在直角坐标系下发展的一套处理复杂边界的新方法，它具有拟合精度高、处理简单、计算高效等特点，较之传统采用的锯齿法及贴体坐标法有其独特的优点。该方法被应用到福建泉州湾潮流实际计算之中，取得了满意的结果。     

An efficient dynamic uniform Cartesian grid system for inundation modeling

A dynamic uniform Cartesian grid system was developed in order to reduce the computational time in inundation simulation using a Godunov-type finite volume scheme. The reduction is achieved by excluding redundant dry cells, which cannot be effectively avoided with a conventional Cartesian uniform grid system, as the wet area is unknown before computation. The new grid system expands dynamically with wetting, through addition of new cells according to moving wet-dry fronts. The new grid system is straightforward in implementation. Its application in a field-scale flood simulation shows that the new grid system is able to produce the same results as the conventional grid, but the computational efficiency is fairly improved.     

A three-dimensional fictitious domain method for the simulation of fluid-structure interactions

The Distributed-Lagrange-Multiplier based Fictitious Domain (DLM/FD) method previously proposed by Yu [J. Comput. Phys. 207 (2005), 1–27] for the simulation of fluid/flexible-body interaction problems is extended from the 2D to the 3D case in this study. We first demonstrate that the Lagrange multiplier problem can be more efficiently solved with a direct-forcing scheme instead of the original Uzawa iterations without the sacrifice of the accuracy. The type of the interpolation function (i.e. smoothed delta function) for the transfer of the quantities between the Eulerian and Lagragian frames is shown not to affect the results significantly. Secondly, the fictitious domain method is implemented in the three-dimensional case. The new 3D codes are applied to the flapping of a 3D flexible plate in a uniform flow, and the deformation of tri-leaflets at opening stage.

     

Simulation of flows with moving contact lines on a dual-resolution Cartesian grid using a diffuse-interface immersed-boundary method

In this paper, we investigate flows with moving contact lines on curved solid walls on a dual-resolution grid using a diffuse-interface immersed-boundary(DIIB) method. The dual-resolution grid, on which the flows are solved on a coarse mesh while the interface is resolved on a fine mesh, was shown to significantly improve the computational efficiency when simulating multiphase flows. On the other hand, the DIIB method is able to resolve dynamic wetting on curved substrates on a Cartesian grid, but it usually requires a mesh of high resolution in the vicinity of a moving contact line to resolve the local flow. In the present study, we couple the DIIB method with the dual-resolution grid, to improve the interface resolution for flows with moving contact lines on curved solid walls at an affordable cost. The dynamic behavior of moving contact lines is validated by studying drop spreading, and the numerical results suggest that the effective slip length λ_n can be approximated by 1.9Cn, where Cn is a dimensionless measure of the thickness of the diffuse interface. We also apply the method to drop impact onto a convex substrate, and the results on the dual-resolution grid are in good agreement with those on a single-resolution grid. It shows that the axisymmetric simulations using the DIIB method on the dual-resolution grid saves nearly 60% of the computational time compared with that on a single-resolution grid.     

FAC方法在地下水数值模拟中的应用

为了解决有限单元法和有限差分法在模拟条带状水文地质体时可能产生海量数据和耗费大量计算机时的困难,本文提出采用基于区域分解原理的快速自适应组合网格方法FAC法(Fast Adaptive Composite Grid),讨论了FAC法建立和求解地下水模型的基本原理,并将其应用于一个矿山边坡防渗墙体防渗性能的研究。算例采用三层网格建立模型并求解,准确描述出防渗帷幕墙体内部地下水运动的规律,为即将开始的防渗墙设计提供了参考依据。     

RCCD三维温度场仿真分析的浮动网格法

针对碾压混凝土坝（RCD）三维有限元仿真分析,计算量过于庞大的问题,提出了基于“层合单元”及“生长单元”的“浮动网格法”。该方法可以大大减少单元数目,大幅度地提高计算效率,能精细地模拟施工过程且易编程,能快速得到高精度的坝体三维温度场的仿真解,具有广泛的工程应用前景。     

干湿边界的斜对角笛卡尔方法在平面二维水沙数学模型中的应用

复杂边界,尤其是发生干湿变化的动边界,一直是二维水沙数学模型计算的难点,也是控制计算收敛和精度的关键。本文主要介绍在二维浅水方程和泥沙数学模型中采用斜对角笛卡尔方法结合干湿边界点的变化来处理复杂边界问题,并将这一方法应用到北京首都国际机场扩建工程跑道高程设计和华能丹东电厂海水蓄水库泥沙淤积的模型计算中。计算表明,该方法拟合精细、处理简单、计算高效,与实测结果吻合较好。     

二维同位与交错网格水流数值模拟比较

在边界拟合正交曲线坐标系下,建立了求解变量分别位于同位与交错网格条件下的二维水流数值模拟计算模式。利用实验资料对其进行了验证,同时对两种模式的计算结果进行了比较分析。在运用界面动量插值的条件下,采用同位网格模式对二维流场进行数值模拟可获得较满意的结果。     

一种区域降水量网格算法

传统的区域降水量计算方法有3种:算术平均值法、三角法和等雨量线法.实际应用中,由于资料条件所限,3种区域降水量计算方法都存在局限性,提出了一种新的区域降水量网格算法,将双调和方程模型用于三维网格的生成,所得网格方程为多阶可微的连续函数,光滑性极佳,同时对散乱数据具有很强的适应性,解决了以往方法中存在的弊端.用江西省84个县的代表雨量站和全省325个雨量站的资料验证所提出的区域降水量计算方法,获得了满意的结果.     

基于自适应网格的急流条件下污染物输运高效高精度模拟

为了高效准确模拟急流条件下突发水污染事件中污染物的输运规律,基于自适应网格技术构建了Godunov格式有限体积模型。模型利用自适应结构网格离散二维浅水控制方程,对水位梯度或污染物浓度梯度较大的区域进行精细网格划分,同时细化干湿边界区域网格。模型采用MUSCL-Hancock方法求解二维浅水控制方程,使模型具有时空二阶精度;利用HLLC格式近似Riemann解计算界面通量,对界面两侧的Riemann变量进行非负重构和局部底部高程修正以确保模型计算的和谐性和稳定性。算例验证表明:自适应网格技术可以自动识别水位梯度或污染物浓度梯度较大的区域以及干湿边界区域并细化该区域网格,保证模型模拟精度的基础上,提升模型模拟效率;该模型能够准确高效地模拟急流条件下污染物的输运过程,适用于突发水污染事件的评估、预警和应急管理。     

Simulation of violent free surface flow by AMR method

A novel CFD approach based on adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) technique is being developed for numerical simulation of violent free surface flows. CIP method is applied to the flow solver and tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing with slope weighting(THINC/SW) scheme is implemented as the free surface capturing scheme. The PETSc library is adopted to solve the linear system. The linear solver is redesigned and modified to satisfy the requirement of the AMR mesh topology. In this paper, our CFD method is outlined and newly obtained results on numerical simulation of violent free surface flows are presented.     

河道油藏的自适应网格积分方程粗化算法

本文以河道的观测深度为确定性数据由贝叶斯理论通过随机建模的方法生成横截面为抛物线形状的河道油藏边界面。在粗网格内先统计渗透率在粗化网格的概率分布,然后由渗透率积分方程利用渗透率在粗化网格中的概率分布计算粗化网格的等率渗透率,再利用等效渗透率计算粗化网格的压强分布。计算压强时并将渗透率自适应网格技术应用于河道油藏的粗化算法中。在渗透率或孔隙度变化异常区域自动采用精细网格,用直接解法求解渗透率或孔隙度变化异常区域的压强分布,整个区域还采用了不均匀网格。利用本文方法计算了河道油藏的压强分布,结果表明河道油藏的不均匀自适应网格积分方程粗化算法的解在渗透率或孔隙度异常区的压强分布规律更逼近采用精细网格的解,在其他区域压强分布规律非常逼近粗化算法的解,但计算的速度比采用精细网格提高了100多倍。     

三维溃坝波绕方柱剧烈流动的数值模拟

该文采用自主开发的非定常黏性流动问题求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,对三维溃坝波和直立方柱相互作用问题进行数值模拟.求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU是基于开源代码OpenFOAM的数据结构、工具箱和基本流场求解器,专门面向研究船舶与海洋工程水动力学问题而开发的数值计算程序,它可以模拟三维波与物体相互作用等复杂问题,能够较精确的模拟波浪破碎、翻卷等复杂自由面演化过程.计算结果给出了三维溃坝波的演化过程,包括溃坝波和直立方柱相互作用过程中的波面爬高、破碎及翻卷现象,给出了方柱附近的涡流场;并分析了流体黏性效应的影响,得到了直立方柱受溃坝波拍击作用的水动力时间演化过程图,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.计算结果表明,采用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器可以有效地模拟有复杂波面演化的剧烈流动问题,较准确地预报波浪在结构物上的爬高和拍击力.     

3-D numerical simulations of violent sloshing by CIP-based method

The violent sloshing flow inside a rectangular tank is computed by the CIP (Constrained Interpolation Profile) ^[1] based Cartesian grid method. Two kinds of CIP scheme, the original CIP scheme and the RCIP scheme, have been applied to the flow solver. 2-D and 3-D computations using the two CIP schemes are carried out and their performances are discussed by comparing the results of the impact pressures on the wall and the free surface profiles to the experimental measurements.

     

双层悬栅消力池的水力特性数值模拟

针对物理模型试验难以得到详细的流速、压强等水力参数数据问题,利用流体力学软件FLUENT建立RNG k-ε双方程紊流模型进行数值模拟,得到消力池内最大水深、流态、流速以及压强等水力参数,通过数学模型计算值与物理模型试验值对比分析以及数值模拟计算值之间对比分析,结果表明:数学模型计算值与物理模型试验值吻合较好,且布置双层悬栅时,计算值与试验值误差较小;双层悬栅使水流产生漩涡的能力较强,从而使水流对护坦冲击较小,护坦处涌浪降低,对压强变化影响较大,说明双层悬栅具有更好的消波稳流作用。     

强人类活动平原地区河网提取中的流路强化方法

我国北方强人类活动平原地区的水资源问题越来越严峻,基于分布式水文模型的水循环模拟是流域水资源研究的基础,其中基于DEM的河网水系提取是基础环节。平原地区由于沟谷发育不明显,且人工河道和沟渠众多,流域汇流结构支离破碎,常用的河网提取模型往往很难得到正确的结果。本文借助已有的主要干流数字化河网水系,提出了流路强化处理方法,用于对平原地区的DEM进行预处理,经过处理后的DEM输入河网提取模型,可以得到流路正确、且河网密度更精细的河网水系拓扑结构,为分布式水文模型的高精度水文单元划分奠定基础。该方法在强人类活动干扰的典型流域——海河流域进行了应用,对比了流路强化处理前后的河网提取结果,表明该方法是一种方便、快捷、高效的处理方法。     

A numerical study of violent sloshing problems with modified MPS method

A numerical study on violent liquid sloshing phenomenon in a partially filled rectangular container is carried out by using moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method. The present study deals with the implementation of five modifications all together over the original MPS method. The modifications include improved source terms for pressure Poisson equation, special approximation technique for the representation of gradient differential operator, collective action of mixed free surface particle identification boundary conditions, effecting Neumann boundary condition on solving the PPE and fixing judiciously the parting distance among particles to prevent collision. The suitability of the kernel function used in the original MPS method along with these five modifications is investigated for violent sloshing problems. The present model ensures a good agreement between numerical results with the existing experimental observations. The model is successfully applied to a partially filled tank undergoing horizontal sinusoidal excitation to compute the sloshing wave amplitudes and pressure on tank walls. The assessment of dynamic behaviour manifested in terms of base shear, overturning moment and impact pressure load exerted on tank ceiling induced by violent sloshing motion using MPS method is not reported in the open literature and has been efficiently carried out in the present study.     

网格反应池局部流场的数值模拟

基于N-S方程和标准k—ε模型,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS的CFD功能,在不同网格参数下对反应池局部流场进行模拟,得到不同的流动现象,对部分参数进行分析,结合微涡旋理论,对参数影响大小进行比较。     

一种新的径流过程随机模拟方法

利用Copula函数构造边缘分布为PⅢ型分布的两变量联合分布,用以描述径流过程的年径流量与最大月径流量。根据该联合分布进行随机抽样,再优选实测径流过程,采用典型解集方法分解转化为模拟径流过程线,从而建立一种新的径流过程随机模拟方法。基于Copula函数的解集随机模型与现有的径流过程随机模拟模型如季节性一阶自回归模型、典型解集模型相比,其所模拟的年径流量统计特征的相对均方差等指标均较优,能较好地模拟原序列的统计特性,为水文水资源随机模拟研究提供了一种新的途径。