大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源微颗粒的提取及鉴定

目的 分离并纯化SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),在此基础上收集骨髓间充质干细胞来源的微颗粒(bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived microparticles,BMSC-MPs),并对其进行鉴定.方法 采用全骨髓贴壁法分离纯...     

骨髓间充质干细胞在肾衰竭治疗方面的研究进展

肾衰竭(kidney failure,KF)是临床常见肾脏疾病,常由肾毒性物质或肾脏严重缺血等因素引起,根据其发病时程,可进一步分为急性肾衰竭(acute kidney failure,AKF)和慢性肾衰竭(chronic kidney failure,CKF)。近年来,随着各项医疗技术的发展,许多疾病均得到了有效控制,但是,KF这种疾病尚未得到有效治疗,相关的死亡率也未得到明显改善,其发病率甚至有逐年增高的趋势。目前,相关研究表明,骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)对KF具有一定的治疗作用。本文就近年来BMSCs在KF治疗方面的研究进展作一综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠胰腺损伤组织的修复作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠胰腺损伤组织的修复作用。方法应用贴壁法分离、纯化、扩增大鼠MSCs,经流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期及表面标志后,用DAPI标记,经尾静脉注入胰腺损伤模型大鼠体内,15d后,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察MSCs在大鼠胰腺组织的定位,组织病理切片观察胰腺损伤组织的病理改变,PCR检测胰腺损伤区组织的Sry基因。结果体外纯化、扩增、富集的MSCs经流式细胞仪检测,86.67%的细胞处于G0/G1期,细胞表面CD34呈阴性表达,CD44呈阳性表达。DAPI标记的MSCs移植治疗15d后,激光共聚焦显微镜下可见,MSCs在损伤的胰腺组织中多见,在正常胰腺组织中偶见;组织病理切片可见损伤的胰腺组织结构开始恢复,胰岛再建;PCR结果显示,治疗组胰腺组织可扩增出Sry基因。结论MSCs对大鼠胰腺损伤组织可能具有修复作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤的抑制作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤的抑制作用。方法采用经典Kaplan法复制电离辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤模型。应用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养C57BL/6小鼠MSCs,DAPI标记,经尾静脉注入荷瘤小鼠后,分别于1、5、10d处死小鼠,取胸腺组织,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察MSCs在胸腺瘤组织中的定位;第1次全身大剂量照射后6个月取胸腺组织,HE染色观察胸腺组织的病理变化,并判断成瘤情况。结果激光共聚焦显微镜下观察可见,MSCs经尾静脉输注后可迁徙至小鼠胸腺组织内;病理观察显示,胸腺组织皮髓质结构清楚,淋巴样肿瘤细胞较少,细胞形态、大小不一,偶见核分裂象;MSCs输注使辐射诱导的胸腺瘤成瘤率由57.00%±9.78%降低至37.50%±7.55%。结论已成功建立辐射诱发的小鼠胸腺瘤模型;输注的MSCs可迁徙至胸腺组织中,并降低胸腺瘤的成瘤率。     

脐带间充质干细胞长期体外培养的生物学特性及遗传稳定性

目的观察脐带间充质干细胞(umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,UC-MSCs)体外长期培养的生物学特性及遗传稳定性。方法从剖宫产足月健康新生儿脐带中分离培养UC-MSCs,并连续传代,显微镜下观察细胞形态。分别检测P3和P12代UC-MSCs的增殖能力、免疫表型、向成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的分化诱导率、衰老情况、成纤维细胞集落形成单位(CFU-F)及染色体核型。结果 P3代UC-MSCs为形态相对均一的梭形贴壁细胞,呈平行排列生长或旋涡状生长;P12代UC-MSCs宽大扁平,贴壁性减退,漂浮细胞增多,胞浆内出现黑色颗粒和空泡;P3和P12代UCMSCs均表达CD73、CD90、CD105,不表达CD34、CD45、HLA-DR;P3较P12代UC-MSCs的细胞增殖能力及向成脂肪细胞分化诱导率均明显升高(P均0.05);向成骨细胞分化诱导率及细胞衰老率均明显降低(P均0.05);成纤维细胞集落数及染色体中期分裂相明显增多(P0.05)。结论长期体外培养的UC-MSCs生物学特性发生改变,遗传学特性稳定,但染色体中期分裂相减少。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

目的建立大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)体外分离培养及鉴定的方法 ,为MSCs的系列研究奠定基础。方法采用全骨髓直接贴壁筛选法分离培养MSCs并传代,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,以MTT法检测细胞增殖水平并绘制生长曲线。取第3代MSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞表型,应用成骨细胞诱导液和脂肪样细胞诱导液诱导MSCs定向分化,鉴定其分化能力。结果全骨髓细胞培养5d,镜下可见贴壁细胞增殖明显,细胞形态较均一,大部分呈梭形,7d左右可传代,经2～3次传代后细胞呈单一梭形的成纤维样细胞,即MSCs;细胞生长曲线呈S形;经流式细胞仪检测,MSCs细胞76.01%处于G0/G1期,7.13%处于G2/M期,16.86%处于S期;MSCs表面不表达CD34;在特定诱导液作用下,MSCs可分别向成骨样细胞及脂肪样细胞分化。结论已成功建立了分离培养及鉴定MSCs的方法 ,可用来评价体外培养的MSCs。     

细胞传代对骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨细胞分化的影响

目的 观察在成软骨诱导培养条件下,细胞传代对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)体外成软骨能力的影响.方法 不同代MSCs成软骨诱导后,观察细胞生物学特性以及通过免疫荧光,RT-PCR测定特异性软骨细胞外基质aggrecan的表达情况.结果 经成软骨诱导后,第2、4代MSCs表达aggrecan明显较第6、8代细胞高.结论 MSCs很可能由多种形态功能接近,分化潜能有略有差异的细胞组成;在成软骨诱导培养条件下,对此传代后成软骨能力减弱.     

人胎盘来源的造血干细胞和间充质干细胞的分离及鉴定

目的建立人胎盘来源的造血干细胞(placenta hematopoietic stem cells,hP-HSCs)和间充质干细胞(placentaderived mesenchymal stem cells,hP-MSCs)的分离方法,并进行鉴定和组分分析。方法选取10份新生健康婴儿胎盘组织,采用机械破碎法联合磁珠分选法分离h P-HSCs,胎盘绒毛膜组织块贴壁法分离hP-MSCs,利用形态学观察、集落培养、流式细胞术等进行鉴定。结果 hP-HSCs:分离后有核细胞数(total nucleated cell number,TNC)为(11. 82±2. 46)×10~8个,TNC回收率≥80%;细胞活性为(99. 7±0. 3)%;细胞表面抗体CD34~+CD45dim表达率为(8. 69±0. 36)%,CD34~+总数为(108. 0±6. 48)×10~6个;集落形成总数为(1. 88±1. 07)×10~6。hP-MSCs:冻存细胞总数为(40. 78±9. 35)×10~7个;细胞活性为(99. 0±1. 5)%;细胞表面抗体CD34~+CD45~+表达率为(0. 1±0. 1)%,CD44~+CD105~+为(99. 6±0. 2)%,CD14~+CD19~+为(0. 1±0. 1)%,CD90~+CD73+为(98. 9±0. 2)%;且具有良好成脂、成骨分化潜能。结论成功建立了hP-HSCs和hP-MSCs体外分离培养方法,为胎盘的临床应用奠定了基础,并提供了细胞种子资源。     

去上皮羊膜及其浸提液体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的分化

目的观察去上皮羊膜及其浸提液体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)向上皮细胞的分化,并探讨其机制。方法从胎儿四肢长骨分离BMSCs,扩增后采用流式细胞术分析第3代(P3)细胞表面抗原(CD29、CD34、CD71和HLA-DR)的表达,并用4,6-乙酰基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)标记第4代BMSCs(P4-BMSCs)。机械法去除正常胎盘羊膜上皮,制成去上皮羊膜,并制备去上皮羊膜浸提液。将DAPI标记的BMSCs接种于羊膜上,设加或不加表皮细胞生长因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)、类胰岛素1号生长因子(Insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)、羊膜浸提液诱导组及细胞爬片对照组,体外诱导培养后,采用免疫荧光组织(细胞)化学染色学法检测各组细胞角蛋白(Cytokeratin,CK)、EGF-R和IGF-1-R的表达,并于诱导后第10天计算CK阳性细胞率。结果原代BMSCs呈典型旋涡状生长,P3细胞表达CD29和CD71,不表达CD34和HLA-DR。羊膜组和细胞爬片组BMSCs在加入EGF或IGF-1诱导后,表达EGF-R和IGF-1-R的时间较未加生长因子的对照组提前2～4 d,表达CK的时间提前2～6 d,单用羊膜组或羊膜浸提液组的表达时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);诱导第10天,单用羊膜或羊膜浸提液诱导组的CK阳性细胞表达率明显高于细胞爬片对照组(P<0.05);羊膜与EGF、IGF-1联合诱导组高于单用羊膜组(P<0.05);EGF诱导组高于IGF-1诱导组(P<0.05)。结论羊膜及羊膜浸提液、外源性EGF和IGF-1在体外均可诱导BMSCs向上皮细胞分化,羊膜可能主要通过其所含的细胞因子诱导BMSCs向上皮分化。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经节样细胞的分化

目的探讨乳鼠视网膜细胞条件分化液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的神经分化情况,以期为视网膜退行性疾病提供治疗方案。方法体外分离培养Wistar大鼠乳鼠BMSCs,观察BMSCs的增殖情况并进行鉴定;制备乳鼠视网膜细胞条件分化液,以其诱导BMSCs,观察BMSCs的神经分化情况,并行免疫组化鉴定。结果体外培养获得了较纯的BMSCs;在乳鼠视网膜细胞条件分化液的环境中,诱导后72h,BMSCs胞体收缩成锥形或球形,细胞突起变细、变长,呈神经细胞的典型形态;免疫组化结果显示,部分细胞呈神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、巢蛋白(nestin)和Thy1.1阳性反应。结论乳鼠视网膜细胞条件分化液可诱导BMSCs分化成视网膜神经节样细胞。     

Mechanical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells under impact of silica-based nanoparticles

Silica-based nanoparticles (NPs) pose great potential for medical and biological applications; however, their interactions with living cells have not been investigated in full. The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in the presence of silica (Si) and silica-boron (SiB) nanoparticles. Cell stiffness was measured using atomic force microscopy; F-actin structure was evaluated using TRITC-phalloidin by confocal microscopy. The obtained data suggested that the cell stiffness increased within the following line: ‘Control’ - ‘Si’ - ‘SiB’ (either after 1-h cultivation or 24-h incubation). Moreover, the cell stiffness was found to be higher after 1-h cultivation as compared to 24-h cultivation. This result shows that there is a two-phase process of particle diffusion into cells and that the particles interact directly with the membrane and, further, with the submembranous cytoskeleton. Conversely, the intensity of phalloidin fluorescence dropped within the same line: Control - Si - SiB. It could be suggested that the effects of silica-based particles may result in structural reorganization of cortical cytoskeleton with subsequent stiffness increase and concomitant F-actin content decrease (for example, in recruitment of additional actin-binding proteins within membrane and regrouping of actin filaments).     

Genotoxicity of graphene nanoribbons in human mesenchymal stem cells

Single-layer reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (rGONRs) were obtained through an oxidative unzipping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a subsequent deoxygenation by hydrazine and bovine serum albumin. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and used for checking the concentration- and time-dependent cyto- and geno-toxic effects of the rGONRs and reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGOSs). The cell viability assay indicated significant cytotoxic effects of 10 μg/mL rGONRs after 1 h exposure time, while the rGOSs exhibited the same cytotoxicity at concentration of 100 μg/mL after 96 h. The oxidative stress was found as the main mechanism involved in the cytotoxicity of the rGOSs which induced a slight cell membrane damage, while RNA efflux of the hMSCs indicated that neither generation of reactive oxygen species nor the significant membrane damage of the cells could explain the cell destructions induced by the rGONRs. Our results demonstrated that, the rGONRs could penetrate into the cells and cause DNA fragmentations as well as chromosomal aberrations, even at low concentration of 1.0 μg/mL after short exposure time of 1 h.     

结肠癌源性exosomes的分离及其相关免疫学性质

目的分离结肠癌细胞株的exosomes,并分析其在致敏抗原呈递细胞及激活相关效应细胞过程中的作用。方法差速离心法分离体外培养的正常exosomes和经热休克处理的sw1116细胞(Heat shocked sw1116,HS-sw1116)分泌的exosomes(Heat shocked exosomes,HS-Exo),并在电子显微镜下观察exosomes和HS-Exo的形态结构;SDS-PAGE初步分析exosomes和HS-Exo的蛋白组分,CCK-8法检测其促外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood monouclear cells,PBMCs)增殖的能力。结果电子显微镜观察,exosomes和HS-Exo的形态学结构无明显差异,其平均直径约为150 nm;exosomes和HS-Exo的蛋白条带分布情况基本相同,在高相对分子质量区域蛋白分布较多;exosomes比sw1116细胞更易引起PBMCs的增殖反应,HS-sw1116细胞和HS-Exo促PBMCs增殖的作用比sw1116细胞和exosomes更明显(P<0.05)。结论结肠癌sw1116细胞株可分泌exosomes,其比肿瘤细胞更易引起PBMCs的增殖,热休克处理可进一步增强细胞和exosomes的促PBMCs增殖的能力,exosomes在结肠癌免疫治疗方面具有重要的应用价值。     

Micro-/nano- sized hydroxyapatite directs differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblast lineage

Regenerative medicine consisting of cells and materials provides a new way for the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs. Nano-biomaterials are highlighted due to their advantageous features compared with conventional micro-materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of micro-/nano- sized hydroxyapatite (μ/n-HA) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). μ/n-HA were prepared by a microwave synthesizer and precipitation method, respectively. Different sizes of μ/n-HA were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and co-cultured with rBMSCs. It was shown that rBMSCs expressed higher levels of osteoblast-related markers by n-HA than μ-HA stimulation. The size of HA is an important factor for affecting the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. This provides a new avenue for mechanistic studies of stem cell differentiation and a new approach to obtain more committed differentiated cells.     

Effect of bacterial alginate on growth of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Capsular alginate was synthesized using bacteria Azotobacter agile 12 in order to test its potential for use in biotechnology and tissue engineering. Capsular bacterial alginate was isolated and purified using EDTA treatment and dialysis. Calcium alginate spheres were produced and their effect on growth of mesenchymal stem cells was studied. Bacterial alginate shows significantly lower cytotoxicity than commercial alginate isolated from algae.     

血小板裂解液大规模扩增人脐带间充质干细胞

目的用血小板裂解液(platelet lysate,PL)大规模扩增人脐带间充质干细胞(umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell,UCMSC),并检测其生物学特性,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法分别采用PL和胎牛血清(FBS)低密度扩增人UCMSC,比较两组UCMSC的细胞形态、大小、克隆形成率、增殖能力、细胞表型和分化能力。结果 PL扩增的UCMSC形态细长;直径明显小于FBS扩增的UCMSC(P<0.05);克隆形成率与FBS扩增的UCMSC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);有更高的细胞累积群倍数;与FBS扩增的UCMSC有相似的细胞表型;与FBS扩增的UCMSC均具有成骨、成脂诱导分化能力,但PL扩增的UCMSC成骨分化能力更强。结论 PL可取代FBS用于大规模扩增UCMSC。     

人参皂苷对骨髓间充质干细胞分泌干细胞因子的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷对骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BMSC)分泌干细胞因子的影响。方法通过密度梯度离心法从健康志愿者抗凝骨髓中分离、培养BMSC,传代3代后,采用流式细胞术鉴定其细胞表型;MTT法检测不同浓度人参皂苷(50、100、150、200、300、400 mg/ml)作用不同时间(24、48、72、96 h)对BMSC增殖活性的影响;ELISA检测200 mg/ml人参皂甙作用不同时间(24、48、72 h)对BMSC分泌干细胞因子SCF-1和干细胞衍生因子SDF-1α水平的影响;RT-PCR法检测200 mg/ml人参皂甙作用24 h对BMSCSCF-1和SDF-1αmRNA转录水平的影响。结果第3代BMSC的CD44、CD29和CD105表达阳性,而CD34、CD45和HLA-DR表达阴性,BMSC的纯度为90%;BMSC与不同浓度的人参皂苷共培养不同时间,细胞的增殖活性均明显增强(P<0.05),200 mg/ml人参皂苷作用96 h细胞的增殖活性最高(P<0.05),但无明显的时间和剂量依赖性;人参皂苷对BMSC SCF-1和SDF-1α的分泌及mRNA的转录具有明显的促进作用。结论人参皂苷能增强BMSC分泌干细胞因子,有望应用于辅助干细胞治疗。     

脐带间充质干细胞促进烫伤创面愈合的作用机制

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells,UCMSCs)多点局部注射后,修复烫伤皮肤创面的潜在机制。方法机械消化法分离人UCMSCs,培养至第3代后,进行形态观察、免疫表型和多向分化潜能鉴定。将第3代UCMSCs与碱性成纤维细胞因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,b FGF)共培养14 d,免疫荧光法检测成纤维细胞标志物波形蛋白的表达;对比小鼠Ⅲ度烫伤模型多点局部注射UCMSCs后创面愈合率及创面愈合时间;Dil标记UCMSCs,局部注射后检测UCMSCs在创面局部的分布情况。结果分离培养的UCMSCs的形态、表面抗原表达及体外诱导分化能力均符合间充质干细胞特性;经b FGF诱导后可显著提高UCMSCs中成纤维细胞标志物波形蛋白的表达量;局部注射UCMSCs可显著提高烫伤小鼠的创面愈合率,UCMSCs可定植于烫伤创面下。结论 UCMSCs具有较强的成纤维样细胞分化能力,经局部注射后,可通过定植于烫伤创面而显著提高创面愈合率。