新型垂直筛板塔在酒精精馏中的应用

本文介绍了新型垂直筛板塔的结构原理、操作条件和用于酒精精馏过程中的情况。用该塔取代原来的泡罩塔，生产能力可达原来的３倍，酒精浓度由９４％－９５提高到９５％－９６％，而且酒精质量也有所改善。     

乙醋法合成乙酸乙酯

工业乙醛经４Ａ分子筛干燥至水分低于０．０３％,在乙醇铝催化剂,无水氯化锌作助催化剂,２０－４０℃反应温度的条件下,直接合成乙酸乙酯,乙醛的转化率可达９９．３％,乙酸乙酯的选择性可达９５．３％,催化剂的合成和乙醛的干燥是实验的关键步骤。     

H2O2—Fe^2＋法处理β—萘磺酸钠生产废水的研究

先用ＦｅＣｌ３进行混凝处理β－萘磺酸钠废水,Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｆｅ＾２＋法氧化,在适宜的条件下,废水的ＣＯＤ和色度去除率分别可达９９．６％和９５．３％,处理后废水可达到排放标准。     

对氯苯酚合成新方法

本文叙述了对氯苯酚的合成新方法，并给出了反应条件以及产物的收率。以苯酚为原料，Ｎ－氯代叔胺作氯化剂，对氯苯酚收率可达９５％。     

有机硅废触体的综合利用

本文对有机硅废触体的综合利用进行了研究，采用氧化－还原法回收废触体中的铜，回收率可达９５％以上，获得的铜的纯度为９９％，同时回收了纯度较硅粉。具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

PDS—400型脱硫催化剂及其应用

介绍了ＰＤＳ－４００型脱硫催化剂的基本特征及ＰＤＳ脱硫技术的应用情况。该催化剂具有高催化活性和高选择性，脱有机硫效率为６０％，对于含Ｈ２Ｓ１０－３０ｇ／Ｎｍ＾３的煤气的脱除能达到９８％以上，ＨＣＮ脱除率可达９５％以上。     

以乙草胺系列混剂苗后防除麦田硬草

乙草胺能被硬草的根系和芽鞘吸收；麦田３叶期后喷５０％乙草胺乳油１５００毫升／公顷无药害。在麦苗３叶期后，硬草１－３叶时喷乙草胺系我混剂防除硬草，防效可达９５－１００％，土壤湿度是影响防效的主要因素。     

蔗渣纤维素β—环糊精交联剂用于对羟基苯甲酸的选择性合成

采用碱法和酸法将蔗渣纤维素与β－环糊精交联制得交联型催化剂，用于对羟基苯甲酸的合成，所得产物用ＦＴＩＲ仪进行鉴定和分析，产物的纯度可达９５％以上，说明催化剂具有高的选择性。     

用活性添加剂缩短过磷酸钙的熟化期

添加非离子型表面活性剂ＲＡ、ＲＢ、ＲＣ、ＲＤ、ＲＥ，阴离子表面活性剂Ｐｃ和Ｃ－ＯＨ等活性剂可缩短过磷酸钙熟化期，其中Ｃ－ＯＨ活性剂熟化期最短，可在４８￣９０ｈ之内结束。磷矿中Ｐ２Ｏ５转化率可达９５％以上。     

从脱硫脱氰废液中回收硫氰酸铵

本研究提出一项新的工艺技术，它是以ＮＨ＿４ＣＮＳ－（ＮＨ＿４）＿２Ｓ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｈ＿２Ｏ三元水盐系相图为理论基础，采用结晶法从Ｆ．Ｒ．脱硫脱氰废液中回收硫氰酸铵。本文介绍了其工艺流程和工艺参数，硫氰酸铵产品的纯度可达９５．０％～９９．５％。其总收率达６０％以上。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.