渐扩-渐缩流动下的聚丙烯热性能研究

设计通过渐扩-渐缩流动产生拉伸形变的口模使物料在口模中受到周期性变化的拉伸/挤压应力作用.将口模连接在高压毛细管流变仪上,通过改变口模的组合形式对物料在流场中的停留时间进行调控,采用熔融挤出的方法分析物料在流场的停留时间对聚丙烯(PP)的结晶性能、热稳定性能等的影响.结果表明,渐扩-渐缩流动能有效促进分子链的解缠结,促进分子链沿流场方向取向;PP的结晶性能随收敛板数量的增加而提高,并且收敛板数量越多,效果越明显;PP的热稳定性也随收敛板数量的增加而逐渐提高,起始分解温度向高温方向移动.     

冷却条件下渐扩/渐缩管内超临界压力二氧化碳的传热特性

采用SST k-ω湍流模型,数值计算了冷却条件下超临界压力二氧化碳(SCO₂)在三种水平管(等截面管、渐扩管和渐缩管)内的传热特性,研究了不同运行参数(压力、质量流量及热通量)对传热性能的影响。结果表明,与等截面管相比,渐扩管有效地强化了传热,采用渐扩管时,SCO₂的总传热系数最大提高了47.98%。然而,相比等截面管,渐缩管却削弱了传热。最后,从类冷凝和湍流场分布的角度阐明了传热强化的物理机理。为SCO₂冷却器的优化设计提供了新的思路和理论指导。     

扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体强化传热的数值模拟

为提高烟气余热回收率,提出一种扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体,通过用户自定义函数(UDF)实现烟气和空气周期切换时流体种类和进口速度、温度等参数的改变,基于ANSYS Fluent软件建立了新型蓄热体的三维非稳态传热数值模型。通过比较模型预测值与文献实验值进行了模型验证。利用模型研究了新型蓄热体方孔扩缩角、扩缩节距和总长度对其传热和流阻性能的影响。通过温度云图分析了扩缩通道强化蓄热体性能的机理。结果表明,缩放通道能有效提高蜂窝蓄热体的传热性能,在压力损失增加不多的前提下,蓄热体效能最多提高约5个百分点。扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体长度越长,其传热性能越好;对于一定长度的新型蓄热体,扩缩节距(或扩缩角)不变时,蓄热体传热性能随扩缩角(或节距)增大而增强。扩缩角过大时,新型蓄热体流动阻力很大,综合性能不佳。     

矩形窄通道内带纵向涡发生器的传热强化

对带有纵向涡发生器的水平矩形窄通道内水的强化传热与阻力特性进行了实验研究,得出了Re在3000～20000(过渡区和湍流区)范围内纵向涡发生器不同安装形式对水的流动与换热特性的影响规律.结果表明：带纵向涡发生器(LVGs)的通道比光通道的传热因子j提高了25％～55％,同时阻力有所增加.在3种不同比较准则(相同泵功、相同压降及相同质量流量)条件下,两侧安装有交叉方向LVGs的通道换热效果较好,顺流方向换热效果略好于逆流方向.     

非牛顿流体在周期性突扩突缩通道中的流动阻力特性

以聚丙烯酰胺水溶液（２００ｗｐｐｍ，５００ｗｐｐｍ，１４００ｗｐｐｍ）为介质，实验研究了此粘弹性流体在直管充分发展段和周期性突扩突缩充分发展段的流动阻力特性。雷诺数变化范围为５×１０３～７×１０４。实验结果表明此浓度范围内的聚丙烯酰胺溶液在直管中的阻力系数可比纯水中的降低４０％，而在周期性突扩突缩通道中无明显的减阻现象     

板式换热器波纹通道的流动与传热机理

采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,针对一种人字形板间波纹通道的流动与传热机理进行了数值模拟研究。考察了不同Reynolds数湍流状态下波纹通道中沿壁面的平均以及局部表面特征数（Nu和f）的变化规律,揭示了流动与传热参数在波纹通道不同横向剖面的分布规律。结果表明在Re<7860时,凹壁面Nu更大;Re>7860时,凸壁面Nu更大;随着Re的增大凹壁面f大于凸壁面。凹壁面的Nu在近入口和近出口处存在两个峰值,并且在近出口处存在极大值;而凸壁面在近入口处存在一个极大值,在近出口处存在极小值。凹壁面的f在近出口处出现陡升现象,而凸壁面则在近入口处出现陡升。随着Re增大,剖线v和TKE增大,而T减小。另外,v、T和TKE在近凹壁面区域皆突然增大。     

圆弧切线波纹换热管内流动与传热性能的数值模拟

在雷诺数为5 000相似文献   

连通微通道内过冷流动沸腾传热强化机理分析

连通微通道（平行主通道由支流通道连通）流动沸腾传热具有优越的换热性能,但其传热传质强化机理尚不够明确,限制了其实际应用。鉴于此,本文基于流体体积函数（VOF）方法,对连通微通道内过冷流动沸腾进行二维非稳态数值模拟,研究了流场扰动、脱落汽泡与壁面间的薄液膜分布对微通道当地传热系数的影响规律。结果表明,连通微通道存在两种强化换热机理：支流通道脱落汽泡可增强主通道流场扰动,进而促进了通道热边界层再发展;脱落汽泡与热壁面间可形成薄液膜,该薄液膜减小了换热热阻。同时研究了支流通道倾角（θ）对连通微通道强化换热的影响,结果发现,不同θ时,连通微通道整体平均传热系数提高10.51%~17.66%,单个主通道平均传热系数最高可提升27.94%,且θ=45°时连通微通道具有最佳换热特性。该研究有望为芯片高效冷却结构的设计提供指导。     

脉动热管间协同耦合强化传热特性实验分析

引言 脉动热管是一种新型热管,其结构简单、可以实现高热流密度传热,在电子元器件的冷却及航天领域极具发展潜力,由Akachi于20世纪90年代最早提出.现有的脉动热管技术只是将单个热管应用到传热领域,从自激振荡流热管的工作原理可以看出,要进一步强化其热量传递过程有2个基本途径:一是强化管内汽-液介质与管壁之间的传热;二是提高其振荡频率和运行的循环动力.     

热管倾斜波纹翅片强化传热三维数值模拟与分析

利用CFD计算软件FLUENT,对均匀倾斜波纹翅片和倾角渐增倾斜波纹翅片的流体流动和传热过程进行了数值模拟,得到了翅片表面温度场、速度场和压力场的分布情况,并将其强化传热效果与平板翅片进行了对比,应用流体力学和场协同理论分析了模拟结果.模拟结果表明倾斜波纹翅片具有较好的传热效果,为热管翅片强化传热的研究提供了理论基础.     

含间隔分置旋流片的缩放管复合强化传热

Pressure drop and compound heat transfer characteristics of a converging-diverging tube with evenly spaced twisted-tapes （CD-T tube） have been investigated experimentally. Swirl was generated by evenly spaced twisted-tape elements which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a converging-diverging （CD） tube with-out twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twisted-tape with twist ratio y=4.72 and rotation angle θ=180° has the best performance among the four types of twisted-tapes presented in this paper. At Reynolds number ranging from 3400 to 20000, when space ratio s=48.6, the heat transfer efficiency index, which increases as the Reynolds number increases, is 0.85-1.21 and 1.07-1.15 compared to that of a smooth circular tube and a CD tube without twisted-tape inserts, respectively.     

Pulsating Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement

This article presents results from a numerical study of pulsating jet impingement heat transfer. The motivation is to seek conditions offering a significant enhancement compared to steady flow impingement drying. The CFD software package FLUENT was used for simulating slot-type pulsating jet impingement flows with confinement. The parameter study included velocity amplitude ratio, mean jet velocity, and pulsation frequency. The distance from nozzle exit to surface was three times the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle hydraulic diameter and jet temperature was 2,460 with a mean jet velocity of 30 m/s, which is the base case of the numerical experiments. Results showed that time-averaged surface heat transfer increased with increasing velocity amplitude for the same mean jet velocity. Large velocity amplitudes helped enhance heat transfer by two mechanisms: high jet velocity during the positive cycle and strong recirculating flows during the negative cycle. For the cases with different mean jet velocities but the same maximum velocity, time-averaged surface heat flux decreased with decreasing mean jet velocity. As for the effects of pulsation frequency, with high-velocity amplitude ratio, time-averaged surface heat fluxes were at the same level regardless of frequency. However, at low-velocity amplitude ratio, high frequency caused stronger recirculating flows resulting in greater heat transfer compared to the cases with a lower frequency.     

Pulsating Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement

This article presents results from a numerical study of pulsating jet impingement heat transfer. The motivation is to seek conditions offering a significant enhancement compared to steady flow impingement drying. The CFD software package FLUENT was used for simulating slot-type pulsating jet impingement flows with confinement. The parameter study included velocity amplitude ratio, mean jet velocity, and pulsation frequency. The distance from nozzle exit to surface was three times the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle hydraulic diameter and jet temperature was 2,460 with a mean jet velocity of 30 m/s, which is the base case of the numerical experiments. Results showed that time-averaged surface heat transfer increased with increasing velocity amplitude for the same mean jet velocity. Large velocity amplitudes helped enhance heat transfer by two mechanisms: high jet velocity during the positive cycle and strong recirculating flows during the negative cycle. For the cases with different mean jet velocities but the same maximum velocity, time-averaged surface heat flux decreased with decreasing mean jet velocity. As for the effects of pulsation frequency, with high-velocity amplitude ratio, time-averaged surface heat fluxes were at the same level regardless of frequency. However, at low-velocity amplitude ratio, high frequency caused stronger recirculating flows resulting in greater heat transfer compared to the cases with a lower frequency.     

管内层流强化传热的数值模拟

通过数值模拟,研究了85%甘油在含旋流片缩放管管内的传热与流阻特性,并与光滑管、缩放管的传热与流阻特性进行了对比。研究结果表明,层流时含旋流片缩放管的综合因子大于缩放管,且缩放管内插入6个小角度旋流片具有更好的传热性能。在有旋流片段可以通过减薄边界层厚度与增加有效传热温差的双重途径提高传热速率,而在旋流片下游段则可以利用有效传热温差的缓变特性继续维持较大的传热速率,从而能避免过多的流体置换次数,极大幅度的降低流体的输送功耗。     

平板脉动热管传热性能的实验研究

对一种具有双面三角形通道的平板脉动热管进行了实验研究,分析了工质、充液率、倾角等对传热性能的影响。结果表明,该热管具有优异的传热性能,最佳充液率为25%~30%,最佳工作角度为90°,在相同充液率和倾角下,当采用丙酮作为工质时,热管传热性能优于水工质。     

Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Rectangular Flat Plate by an Impinging Jet in Cross Flow

Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an impinging jet in a cross flow. Several parameters including the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio （X=2%-8%）, the Reynolds number （Red=1434-5735） and the jet diameter （d=2-4 mm） were explored. The heat transfer enhancement factor was found to increase with the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio and the Reynolds number, but decrease with the jet diameter when other parameters maintain fixed. The presence of a cross flow was observed to degrade the heat transfer performance in respect to the effect of impinging jet to the target surface only. In addition, an impinging jet was confirmed to be capable of en-hancing the heat transfer process in considerable amplitude even though the jet was not designed to impinge on the target surface.     

国外强化传热技术的研究与进展

本文综述了国外传热技术中开发出的各种强化传热表面以及其它一些强化手段、强化传热机理、不同学者在这一领域的研究成果。     

Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Jackets of Triangular Flow Channels

Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of jacketed vessel with triangular flow channels were numerically studied under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Constant heat flux at theheated wall was assumed. The numerical program code interms of vorticity, stream function, axial velocity com ponent and energy equations was written based on a finite volume method. Based on the numerical results, the flow and temperature field were given, and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were ex amined, and the correlations of flow resistance and mean Nusselt number were developed for the jacket. The results show that the structure of secondary flow is steady two vortices in the investigated range of dimensionless curvatureratio and Reynolds number. Two peaks of local Nusselt number increase significantly with Prandtl and Dean num ber increasing, but the local Nusselt numbers near two ends and at the center of the heated wall increase only slightly. The center and two ends of heated wall are the poor positions for heat transfer in the jacket. Compared with the outer half coil jacket at the same area of heated wall, curvature radius, Reynolds number and Prandtl number, e jacket of triangular flow chmnel has lower flow resistance and less mean Nusselt number.     

交叉间断肋片与凹槽强化传热的实验与数值研究(英文)

Experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study turbulent flow of water and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular channel with discontinuous crossed ribs and grooves.The tests investigated the overall heat transfer performance and friction factor in ribbed and ribbed-grooved channels with rib angle of 30°.The experimental results show that the overall thermo-hydraulic performance for ribbed-grooved channel is increased by 10%-13.6% when compared to ribbed channel.The investigation on the effects of different rib angles and rib pitches on heat transfer characteristics and friction factor in ribbed-grooved channel was carried out using Fluent with SST(shear-stress transport) k-ω turbulence model.The numerical results indicate that the case for rib angle of 45° shows the best overall thermo-hydraulic performance,about 18%-36% higher than the case for rib angle of 0°.In addition,the flow patterns and local heat transfer characteristics for ribbed and ribbed-grooved channels based on the numerical simulation were also analyzed to reveal the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement.     

流动过冷沸腾传热强化及阻垢

在流动沸腾传热实验中,考察了CaCO3污垢溶液的形成过程及各种工艺条件对流动过冷沸腾传热的影响. 研究条件包括流体速度、溶液温度、CaCO3溶液浓度及热通量,实验中发现了一些规律. 同时还考察了不同阻垢剂[聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)及氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)]对流动过冷沸腾传热的影响. 结果表明,所选阻垢剂均能抑制污垢的生成并降低了污垢热阻,而且存在最佳浓度范围. 但不同阻垢剂的阻垢效果不尽相同,在本实验条件下,ATMP的阻垢效果最好,PBTCA次之,PASP的阻垢效果较差.