Rake‐Based Cellular Radar Receiver Design for Moving Target Detection in Multipath Channel

In this paper, we design a rake‐based cellular radar receiver (CRR) scheme to detect a moving target located in a multipath environment. The modules of Doppler filter banks, threshold level test, and target detection module are newly introduced into the conventional rake receiver so that it can function as a radar system. The proposed CRR tests the Doppler‐shift frequency and signal‐to‐noise ratio of the received signal against predefined threshold levels to determine detection and then calculates target velocities and ranges. The system performance is evaluated in terms of detection probability and the maximum detection range under a Nakagami‐n channel that reflects the multipath environment.     

基于MEFF倒谱距离与对数能量融合的语音端点检测方法

为提高低信噪比环境下语音端点检测算法性能不高的问题,提出将MFCC倒谱距离与对数能量结合进行端点检测.首先,对语音计算对数能量,然后计算改进的倒谱距离,将MFCC倒谱距离与对数能量融合,获得了一种新的语音参数,该参数能有效地提高低信噪比情况下语音与噪声的区别,对参数进行顺利滤波用于语音端点检测,采用自动更新的双阈值进行语音端判别.仿真实验表明,该算法具有较好的适用不同噪声,在低信噪比下依然能获得比较理想的端点检测效果.     

数字助听器中多通道响度补偿方法的研究

目前数字助听器中的多通道响度补偿方法,通常是对严重衰减的部分进行高增益,这不但对听损患者的言语辨识没有作用,反而会产生负面影响。为了减轻响度补偿时产生的负面影响,提高高频严重损失的听损患者的听辨率,本文将压缩移频技术用于多通道响度补偿。首先对语音信号高频部分按比例压缩并搬移到目标频段,然后进行非等宽划分,再在各频段进行响度补偿和增益控制,最后对响度补偿后的信号进行重构。该方法使得补偿后语音的响度完全映射到听者的听觉范围内,高频严重损失的听损患者对清辅音的听辨率比传统方法提高了近30%。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高听力患者的听力水平及言语辨识率,特别对高频分量明显的清辅音的辨识率有较大的提高,具有较高的实际应用价值。      

基于加权总体最小二乘正则化方法的混合滤波器组最优化设计

模拟分析滤波器组的实现欠理想、系统噪声以及数字综合滤波器有效阶数实现所带来的系统误差均有可能造成混合滤波器组的设计出现解不稳定、无唯一解等病态问题,影响混合滤波器组的准确重构效果。本文首先给出了满足准确重构条件下,以综合滤波器组频域响应为求解变量的混合滤波器组线性求解模型。针对线性方程中系数矩阵以及目标向量受扰动误差影响特点,提出一种新的基于加权总体最小二乘正则化算法的IIR形式综合滤波器设计方法。算法以系统扰动误差最小化为目标函数,根据随机误差变量的二阶统计特性,采用加权总体最小二乘算法抑制滤波器实现误差以及随机噪声等扰动因素影响,使得到的综合滤波器组频域响应解的加权误差平方和最小化,并通过Tikhonov正则化方法优化病态情况下方程组解的稳定性。提出一种IIR类型的综合滤波器系数的求解算法,并利用正则化方法优化滤波器系数,提高系统稳定性。该方法可应用于过采样混合滤波器组的设计。仿真结果表明该算法的有效提高系统鲁棒性和改善重构性能。      

DF-DD for channels with phase noise

In this letter, we design decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) schemes for channels with phase noise. If the DF-DD feedback filter is properly optimized, a performance similar to that of a more complex scheme, recently reported by Chiavaccini and Vitetta, based on expectation maximization, can be achieved. However, it is also shown that an error floor is unavoidable for channels with phase noise. If a constraint is introduced, the DF-DD receiver can be made robust against unknown frequency offsets.     

基于Nd:YVO4激光回馈效应的远距离振动测量研究

基于 Nd:YVO₄激光回馈技术,提出了一种实现对远距离微小振动位移直接测量的新方法。相位 测量技术和 移频激光回馈技术的采用,使本文方法不仅有高的分辨率,还有非常高的灵敏度。利用本文 方法对远距离不同目标 进行系统信号信噪比(SNR)测试后,对远距离声音振动进行 测试,清晰还原了声音信号。最后分析了本文方法的 可靠性和测量范围,采用滤除低频噪声的方法,使在15.7m处外界环 境对系统的影响降低到50nm。     

CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks based on the quaternionic multipliers for lossless image coding

Quaternions have offered a new paradigm to the signal processing community: to operate directly in a multidimensional domain. We have recently introduced the quaternionic approach to the design and implementation of paraunitary filter banks: four- and eight-channel linear-phase paraunitary filter banks, including those with pairwise-mirror-image symmetric frequency responses. The hypercomplex number theory is utilized to derive novel lattice structures in which quaternion multipliers replace Givens (planar) rotations. Unlike the conventional algorithms, the proposed computational schemes maintain losslessness regardless of their coefficient quantization. Moreover, the one regularity conditions can be expressed directly in terms of the quaternion lattice coefficients and thus easily satisfied even in finite-precision arithmetic. In this paper, a novel approach to realizing CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks is presented, which is based on the embedding of the CORDIC algorithm inside the lifting scheme. Lifting allows for making multiplications invertible. The 2D CORDIC engine using sparse iterations and asynchronous pipeline processor architecture based on the embedded CORDIC engine as stage of processor is reported. Also it is necessary to notice, that the quaternion multiplier lifting scheme based on the 2D CORDIC algorithm is the structural decision for the lossless digital signal processing. This approach applies to very practical filter banks, which are essential for image processing, and addresses interesting theoretical questions.     

Filterbänke mit Überabtastung

Oversampled filter banks offer more design freedom, better numerical stability, and less sensitivity to quantization noise as compared to critically sampled filter banks. These advantages come at the cost of increased computational complexity. Therefore, oversampled modulated filter banks allowing a particularly efficient implementation are of practical interest. Furthermore, in certain applications (such as image coding) it is important to have linear phase filters in all channels of the filter bank. In this paper we discuss oversampled filter banks with emphasis on cosine-modulated filter banks and linear phase filters. We establish a relation of oversampled filter banks with redundant signal expansions. We also perform an analysis of the numerical sensitivity of oversampled filter banks. The increased design freedom in oversampled filter banks is demonstrated both theoretically and by means of simulation examples. Finally, we present a unified theory of cosine-modulated filter banks.     

TMS 32020单片信号处理器在测控系统中的应用

在卫星地面测控系统中,要求在低信噪比(如-20分贝)条件下提取目标的多普勒频率信息,以引导接收机锁相环捕获信号并锁定。模拟式频率引导采用经典的晶体滤波器组,其数量大、成本高、重量体积大。数字式频率引导采用对接收信号采样序列进行FFT运算处理实现对目标的频率捕获,具有显著的优越性。作者等人以8086微机实现的数字频率引导设备已成功地应用于同步通讯卫星测控站中。为了进一步提高处理速度,采用了TMS32020单片信号处理器研制出频率引导快速处理机,使频率引导处理时间提高15倍以上。该成果的硬件设备可适应不同的实时数字信号处理要求,应用于雷达、通讯、遥控、仪器、语音、智能等各种场合。     

Statistical Performance of a TFD based Detection Scheme

This paper proposes a robust signal detection procedure based on generalised patterns in time-frequency space. The paper derives a non-linear time domain correlation process which is equivalent to a time-frequency based detection scheme. The performance of this robust detection scheme in the additive white Gaussian noise case is evaluated with the aid of receiver operating curves. Some examples are given which show that the proposed procedure under nominal conditions does not perform as well as standard detection scheme (ie matched filter) but gives better performance when the measured signal deviates from its nominal model.     

High robustness of an SR motor angle estimation algorithm usingfuzzy predictive filters and heuristic knowledge-based rules

In this paper, the operation of a fuzzy predictive filter used to provide high robustness against feedback signal noise in a fuzzy logic (FL)-based angle estimation algorithm for the switched reluctance motor is described. The fuzzy predictive filtering method combines both FL-based time-series prediction, as well as a heuristic knowledge-based algorithm to detect and discard feedback signal error. As it is predictive in nature, the scheme does not introduce any delay or phase shift in the feedback signals, In addition, the fuzzy predictive filter does not require any mathematical modeling of the noise and, therefore, can be used effectively to control nonGaussian impulsive-type noise. An analysis of the noise and error commonly found in practical motor drives is given, and how this can effect position estimation. It is shown using experimental results that the FL-based scheme can cope well with erroneous and noisy feedback signals     

一种新型伪镜像滤波器组的实现方法

本文提出了一种新型２Ｍ个通道伪镜像滤波器组的结构和设计方法。本设计方法中，低通原型滤波器采用两级级联线性相位ＦＩＲ的结构，并使得整个分析／综合系统性能近于全恢复，无群时延失真。应用此方法设计伪镜像滤波器组，分析和综合滤波器组的结构和设计方法都比较简单，算法效率高，实现比较容易，这类滤波器组可用于语音的子带编码等。本文最后给出了一个实例。     

基于高精细度F-P滤波器的40Gb/s全光时钟提取

提出了一种基于高精细度Fabry-Perot(F-P)滤波器的全光时钟提取方案,并进行了实验验证。为了实现对信号波长无关的特性,系统利用光纤中交叉相位调制(XPM)效应对输入信号进行正码波长变换,使变换后的波长始终与F-P滤波器的透射峰精确对准。采用精细度为1 012的高精细度F-P滤波器提取时钟,并利用半导体光放大器(SDA)的自增益调制(SGM)效应进一步抑制时钟信号的低频噪声,保证了高质量的时钟输出。实验中,利用这种装置对40 Gb/s归零(RZ)码信号进行了时钟提取,得到了抖动为285 fs的高质量40 GHz时钟信号,验证了方案的可行性。     

A robust hysteresis current-controlled PWM inverter for linear PMSMdriven magnetic suspended positioning system

Hysteresis current-controlled pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is very robust but it possesses nonconstant switching frequency, and it is difficult to use for high-performance position servo applications. This paper presents a robust hysteresis current-controlled PWM scheme for a magnetic suspended positioning system driven by an inverter-fed linear permanent-magnet synchronous motor having improved performance in these two areas. In the proposed control scheme, the conventional hysteresis PWM mechanism is augmented by a robust harmonic spectrum-shaping controller. The error signal, which represents the switching frequency deviated from the set one, is detected using a notching filter inverse model. Then, the current command is adjusted by a robust compensation signal. The hysteresis band can be equivalently varied to let the dominant harmonic frequency of inverter output be constant, wherein the frequency can easily be changed by tuning the center frequency of the notch filter. The gating signal of switches is not needed to be sensed for making the proposed control. The constant-frequency control performance yielded by the proposed controller is rather insensitive to the system disturbances and the neutral voltage variation due to isolated Y connection. Through applying the proposed PWM inverter, satisfactory position control requirements can be achieved by properly setting the dominant harmonic frequency according to the electromechanical model of the positioning system     

Statistical Model‐Based Noise Reduction Approach for Car Interior Applications to Speech Recognition

This paper presents a statistical model‐based noise suppression approach for voice recognition in a car environment. In order to alleviate the spectral whitening and signal distortion problem in the traditional decision‐directed Wiener filter, we combine a decision‐directed method with an original spectrum reconstruction method and develop a new two‐stage noise reduction filter estimation scheme. When a tradeoff between the performance and computational efficiency under resource‐constrained automotive devices is considered, ETSI standard advance distributed speech recognition font‐end (ETSI‐AFE) can be an effective solution, and ETSI‐AFE is also based on the decision‐directed Wiener filter. Thus, a series of voice recognition and computational complexity tests are conducted by comparing the proposed approach with ETSI‐AFE. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior to the conventional method in terms of speech recognition accuracy, while the computational cost and frame latency are significantly reduced.     

应用Zoom FFT方法提高相干测风激光雷达频谱分辨率

脉冲相干测风激光雷达距离门内的回波具有中频高、频带宽、采样点稀疏等特点。采用传统的信号处理方法, 雷达频谱分辨率很难提高。在研究无线电雷达信号频谱细化技术的基础上, 采用Zoom FFT 频谱细化结合数字滤波器组的方法, 通过仿真研究验证了该方法对提高脉冲相干激光测风雷达的频谱分辨率具有良好效果。文章介绍了Zoom FFT 算法和数字滤波器组的原理,对模拟低频和高频信号进行了仿真,并且利用真实风场数据进行了验证,充分证明了该算法对于提高脉冲相干激光测风雷达的频谱分辨率的有效性。     

基于提升小波的多重数字音频水印

该文提出了一种在提升小波域同时嵌入鲁棒水印和易损水印的音频水印算法。原始音频信号经过提升小波变换后,将低频小波系数进行均值量化嵌入鲁棒水印,具有较好的鲁棒性和不可感知性;对高频小波系数直接进行单个系数量化嵌入易损水印,当音频内容发生篡改时,这些水印信息会发生相应的改变,从而可以鉴定原始音频的完整性。水印的提取不需要原始音频信号。实验结果表明,鲁棒水印对MP3压缩、低通滤波、加噪、重量化、重采样等信号处理攻击具有很强的鲁棒性;而易损水印对上述攻击则具有很强的敏感性。     

Frequency‐Temporal Filtering for a Robust Audio Fingerprinting Scheme in Real‐Noise Environments

In a real environment, sound recordings are commonly distorted by channel and background noise, and the performance of audio identification is mainly degraded by them. Recently, Philips introduced a robust and efficient audio fingerprinting scheme applying a differential (high‐pass filtering) to the frequency‐time sequence of the perceptual filter‐bank energies. In practice, however, the robustness of the audio fingerprinting scheme is still important in a real environment. In this letter, we introduce alternatives to the frequency‐temporal filtering combination for an extension method of Philips’ audio fingerprinting scheme to achieve robustness to channel and background noise under the conditions of a real situation. Our experimental results show that the proposed filtering combination improves noise robustness in audio identification.     

基于神经网络的病态嗓音复杂度识别

基于嗓音发声系统的复杂性和病态嗓音高频端噪声特性明显,对正常、病态嗓音信号进行小波分解、重构,然后求重构的各频段信号的Lempel-Zvi复杂度,利用神经网络识别对各频段信号的Lempel-Zvi复杂度进行识别。实验结果表明:在高频段,病态嗓音复杂度识别率为84%,相对高于其他较低频段。通过模式识别的方法揭示了嗓音发声系统的病变时的噪声特性和复杂性。     

分数阶微积分对频域除噪技术的改进

频域除噪是信号降噪技术中的重要内容。由于噪声多为高频,频域除噪技术一般利用低通滤波器滤除含噪信号中的高频部分,以达到除噪的目的。然而图像信号的轮廓以及某些细节部分也为高频,会被低通滤波器当作噪声滤除,降低除噪效果。利用分数阶微积分,对滤波器算法进行细微变换和调整,使其能够更加精确地区分噪声与高频信号,从而在滤除噪声的同时更多地保留高频信号部分。文中通过大量的仿真,证明了该方法较传统的滤波除噪技术具有很大的进步性。