超临界直接空冷排汽管道系统内流场的数值模拟

排汽管道布置形式和内部结构是直接空冷排汽系统优化设计的基础,直接影响各蒸汽分配管内的流动阻力和流量分配。利用计算流体动力学软件（CFD）,对某660MW超临界直接空冷机组排汽管道内的水蒸汽流场进行了数值模拟。通过对三维排汽管道内水蒸汽流场的模拟、分析和研究,为直接空冷排汽管道系统的优化设计提供帮助。     

1000MW直接空冷机组排汽管道内湿蒸汽的数值模拟

排汽管道是空冷岛重要的系统和部件,其管线布置方式是否合理,管内压降及蒸汽流量分配均匀性是否满足设计和使用要求,影响到空冷凝汽器的运行效率和冬季的防冻维护,是直接关系到发电机组经济运行和安全的大问题。应用ANSYS、FLUENT等计算流体力学软件(CFD)对某1000MW直接空冷机组排汽管道内的湿蒸汽进行了数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行了简要分析、研究。为直接空冷机组排汽管道的设计选型提供了参考依据,并对直接空冷机组排汽管道的进一步优化设计提供帮助。     

600MW机组“Y型”排汽管道系统内湿蒸汽的数值研究

对德国基伊埃(GEA)公司发明专利--"Y型"(枝状)直接空冷排汽管道进行数值研究.建立华电宁夏灵武一期2×600MW机组直接空冷排汽管道内湿蒸汽两相流动和传热的数学模型.利用计算流体力学软件FLU-ENT,对典型汽轮机工况下的排汽状况进行了数值模拟.对二维管道内湿蒸汽速度场、温度场和两相场的模拟、分析和研究,为直接空冷排汽管道系统的优化设计提供帮助.模拟结果表明:在汽轮机典型工况下,水蒸汽流经各蒸汽分配管的压降约为高位布置方式水蒸汽压降的1/3,且流量分配更均匀.     

2种典型直接空冷排汽管道布置的数值比较

研究直接空冷机组排汽管道的重点是在确保安全的基础上均衡各蒸汽分配管内的流量和降低流程压降。利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对某600 MW直接空冷机组排汽管道的典型高位布置和Y型布置方式的湿蒸汽流场进行了数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行对比、分析,研究,为直接空冷系统的优化设计提供了指导。     

大直径负压排汽管道系统内流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,对大同600 MW发电机组直接空冷三维排汽管道内的水蒸汽流场进行了数值模拟.结果显示:流经各蒸汽分配管的水蒸汽压降不同,流量分配不均.研究结果为直接空冷排汽管道系统结构的优化设计提供帮助.     

直接空冷枝状排汽管道系统内导流装置的优化设计

对德国基伊埃(GEA)公司发明专利——枝状直接空冷排汽管道系统进行研究。建立某2×600MW机组直接空冷排汽管道内湿蒸气两相流动和传热的数学模型;利用数值传热学软件Fluent对典型汽轮机工况下的排汽状况进行了数值模拟;对二维管道内湿蒸气速度场、温度场和两相场的模拟、分析和研究。模拟结果表明:专利提出的简单几何原则分流方法,无法实现排汽的均匀分配。针对不同形式的直接空冷枝状排汽管道系统应进行详细的优化设计,并提出了枝状排汽管道系统导流装置的基本设计原则。     

300MW直接空冷机组排汽装置的三维数值研究

采用SIMPLE算法和κ-ε模型,对内王低压加热器的300MW直接空冷机组排汽装置的内部漉场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了整个排汽装置内部流场的速度分布情况.结果表明,由于内王式低压加热器的影响和裤汽装置接颈部棱台的扩散作用使排汽装置接颈出口流场速度分布产生很大的不均匀性,从而导致蒸汽在排汽装置内流动的汽阻和压损增大,最终影响到机组运行的经济性.该数值模拟结果对直接空冷汽轮机择汽装置的完善化设计及改造,具有一定的指导作用.     

600 MW直接空冷机组变工况特性的研究

以600 MW直接空冷机组为例,考虑排汽管道的压损,排汽口和凝汽器入口间水蒸汽柱高度压差及排汽管对环境散热量,建立了直接空冷机组冷端系统变工况数学模型,编程计算并作出直接空冷机组冷端系统特性曲线,分析了空冷凝汽器压力及管道压损变化时的机组特性,对于空冷机组的经济运行具有一定的指导价值.     

SPX直接空冷排汽管道系统内湿蒸汽的数值研究

建立了斯必克斯(SPX)公司设计的某2×135MW发电机组直接空冷排汽管道内湿蒸汽两相流动和传热的数学模型.利用计算传热学软件FLUENT,对典型汽轮机工况下的排汽状况进行了的数值模拟.对二维管道内湿蒸汽速度场、温度场和两相场的模拟、分析和研究,为空冷排汽管道系统的优化设计提供帮助.     

两缸两排汽660MW超临界直接空冷汽轮机排汽装置研制初探

为了适应660MW超临界直接空冷机组两缸两排汽一个排汽口的需要,排汽装置需采用单壳体、并带有两个排汽管道,同时具有内带除氧及加热功能的联合装置.排汽管道采用裤又管设计,并从除氧、强度、结构等方面介绍了设计过程,阐述了设计原理,使660MW超临界直接空冷汽轮机单壳体排汽装置性能优、强度佳的特点得到充分体现.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996