堆芯燃料组件抗震分析简化模型研究

针对堆芯燃料组件在地震作用下可能发生的结构变形及破坏现象,采用简化方法对燃料组件进行时程分析,计算地震工况下格架所受的碰撞载荷以及应力情况,并将计算值与格架的压塌载荷以及导向管的应力限值进行了比较,从而对堆芯燃料组件的结构完整性进行了评估,为日后堆芯燃料组件结构的抗震性能分析计算提供参考。     

VVER反应堆燃料组件流动传热特性CFD分析

采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对俄罗斯水-水高能反应堆（VVER）先进燃料组件（AFA）的流动传热特性进行模拟,获得了额定工况下燃料组件冷却剂流场、流动压降和温度分布等。结果表明:与内部含交混翼的格架相比,AFA燃料组件定位格架的压力损失较小;定位格架围板导向翼附近存在滞流现象,导致燃料组件外围区域冷却剂温度偏高;不同的测量管周向棒功率比K_c对燃料组件出口冷却剂温度的测量值有较大影响。该分析结果可为核电厂堆芯温升预警值ΔT_t的设定提供参考。      

棒束定位格架流动和传热特性研究综述

定位格架是反应堆堆芯燃料组件关键部件之一。定位格架的存在影响了堆芯的各种热工水力性能。性能优良的定位格架能改善堆芯燃料组件热工水力性能，提高临界热流密度而不致太增加压力损失。本文就国内外对带定位格架棒束通道内流动和传热特性研究现状和研究结果进行了综述。     

中国工程试验堆堆芯入口流量分配特性实验研究

堆芯入口流量分配研究是新型反应堆设计过程中一项重要的工程验证实验,其结果能为反应堆的热工水力及安全分析提供数据支撑。本文针对中国工程试验堆（CENTER）,采用缩比模型开展了堆芯入口流量分配特性实验研究,在不同工况下获得了模拟燃料组件、铍/铝组件、钴靶组件及控制棒导向管内的流量分配因子。实验结果表明：在本文研究的工况范围中,堆芯中大部分冷却剂流过模拟燃料组件,同类型模拟组件间的流量分配较均匀,最大流量相对偏差在±4%以内。实验入口总流量对流量分配特性几乎没有影响。     

中国工程试验堆堆芯入口流量分配特性实验研究

堆芯入口流量分配研究是新型反应堆设计过程中一项重要的工程验证实验,其结果能为反应堆的热工水力及安全分析提供数据支撑。本文针对中国工程试验堆(CENTER),采用缩比模型开展了堆芯入口流量分配特性实验研究,在不同工况下获得了模拟燃料组件、铍/铝组件、钴靶组件及控制棒导向管内的流量分配因子。实验结果表明:在本文研究的工况范围中,堆芯中大部分冷却剂流过模拟燃料组件,同类型模拟组件间的流量分配较均匀,最大流量相对偏差在±4%以内。实验入口总流量对流量分配特性几乎没有影响。     

压水堆燃料组件附加质量仿真研究

为了准确探究反应堆冷却剂与燃料组件间存在流固耦合行为对燃料组件振动特性的影响,本文采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluent平台,运用其中的动态网格技术,以压水堆燃料组件为研究对象,通过建立燃料组件模拟棒束、堆芯围板以及冷却剂模型,实现燃料组件与堆芯围板分别单独运动工况的燃料组件附加质量计算。结果显示：燃料组件运动工况下,燃料组件附加质量系数均值为2.4712;围板运动工况下,燃料组件附加质量系数均值为–3.4713,均与文献值偏差小于5%。叠加附加质量后,燃料组件振动频率计算值与水中振动试验测试结果偏差小于5%,验证了分析方法的合理性。本研究建立的仿真计算方法能够用于压水堆燃料组件附加质量计算。     

压水堆燃料组件结构搅混格架动态屈曲仿真研究

结构搅混格架作为压水堆燃料组件中的关键部件,由于结构复杂,一直是燃料组件设计的重点和难点。本文采用有限元分析软件建立17×17结构搅混格架有限元分析模型,对其在冲击载荷作用下动态屈曲过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不同初速度冲击下的冲击载荷、回弹速度、冲击位移变化曲线,通过以上参量开展格架动态屈曲判定准则的对比验证研究,确定了结构搅混格架动态屈曲的临界载荷。同时基于冲击板作简谐振动的假设,采用周期法计算格架动刚度,基于能量原理建立格架等效阻尼的计算方法。通过与试验结果的分析对比,验证分析方法的合理性,用于指导新型燃料组件格架分析与设计。     

CEFR堆芯燃料组件抗震试验方法研究

为了验证中国实验快堆（CEFR）堆芯燃料组件的抗震性能,保证地震下结构完整性和气密性,必须研究制定兼具代表性和包络性的堆芯组件抗震试验方法。本文基于俄罗斯组件耐振试验方案分析,结合国内试验规范和堆芯实际约束条件,提出了一套新的组件抗震试验方法,并通过分析计算论证新方法的合理性。结果表明：新方法的试验结果是保守的,可保证在相同地震输入下单组件应力、冲击响应基本能包络处于堆芯组件群中的组件响应,新方法要求单根组件分别在刚性台架和柔性台架上依次完成抗震试验。本文结果对快堆堆芯组件的抗震试验研究具有重要指导意义。     

压水堆燃料组件横向非线性特征模拟研究

压水堆燃料组件的燃料棒依靠格架进行夹持,保持燃料棒的横向和轴向定位。在燃料组件弯曲时,燃料棒与格架产生相对滑移,是燃料组件产生横向非线性特征的主要原因。本文分析典型的压水堆燃料组件格架和燃料棒夹持系统的设计特点,结合分析和试验结果,将夹持系统的滑移和弯曲特性分解为滑移单元和旋转弹簧单元的效应,从而实现夹持系统的力学模拟。通过计算与试验结果比较,验证所建立的夹持系统模型的有效性。将夹持系统模型用于燃料组件横向非线性模型中,通过模型计算与燃料组件横向拉伸试验结果对比,符合性良好。     

秦山核电厂反应堆整体模型水力试验

应用相似原理,根据工程需要,采用1:5比例设计整体水力模型。对堆芯与上腔室几何形状,经过工程分析,考虑欧拉准则Eu与雷诺准则Re关系,在Re数等于自模Re数时(模型Re取10~5,足够保证自模),可使模型的欧拉数(阻力系数)与原型的相等。堆芯由模拟燃料组件组成以模拟原型的阻力系数,这些组件由具有同心流动通道的正方形横截面的铝棒制造。模拟燃料组件的个数、排列方式与原型相同,使流量分布数据有一一对应关系。所有模拟燃料组件在整体水力试验之前,逐个按阻力系数相等于原型的阻力系数进行标定。对工程设计的两块实心比为0.438和0.7的流量分配板进行了试验,测量了堆芯流量分布并归并成归一化流量分布,还测量了从反应堆进口,经堆芯到上腔室出口的模型各部分阻力系数。通过试验分析和比较,选择实心比为0.7的流量分配板,其堆芯流量分布对应的下腔室流量分配分因子为1.05,和工程取值一致,也和国外数据相符,它可用于秦山核电厂反应堆设计。     

Integrity evaluation of fuel assembly for earthquake

In the present study, a method for the dynamic analysis of a reactor core is developed. Peak responses for the motions induced from earthquake are obtained for a core model. The dynamic responses such as fuel assembly shear force, bending moment, axial force and displacement, and spacer grid impact loads are investigated. Prediction of fuel assembly stress during an earthquake requires development of a fuel assembly stress analysis model capable of interfacing with the models and results discussed in the dynamic analysis of a reactor core. This analysis uses beam characteristics which describe the overall fuel assembly response. The stress analysis method and its application for the case of an increased seismic level are also presented.     

Row of fuel assemblies analysis under seismic loading: Modelling and experimental validation

The aim of this study was to develop a numerical model for predicting the impact behaviour at fuel assembly level of a whole reactor core under seismic loading conditions. This model was based on a porous medium approach accounting for the dynamics of both the fluid and structure, which interact. The fluid is studied in the whole reactor core domain and each fuel assembly is modelled in the form of a deformable porous medium with a nonlinear constitutive law. The contact between fuel assemblies is modelled in the form of elastic stops, so that the impact forces can be assessed. Simulations were performed to predict the dynamics of a six fuel assemblies row immersed in stagnant water and the whole apparatus was placed on a shaking table mimicking seismic loading conditions. The maximum values of the impact forces predicted by the model were in good agreement with the experimental data. A Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis was performed on the numerical data to analyse the mechanical behaviour of the fluid and structure more closely.     

超临界压水堆改进型控制棒组件落棒过程计算分析研究

为验证超临界压水堆改进型控制棒组件能否实现预期水力缓冲功能,采用计算流体力学分析软件Fluent、基于6自由度（6DOF）模型的铺层法动网格技术,对其落棒过程进行研究,分析了控制棒组件落棒时间和落棒末速度。结果表明：相比改进前的设计,改进型控制棒组件落棒时间虽有所增大,但仍然能满足安全要求;落棒末速度大幅下降,落棒冲击力降低,从而能够保证控制棒组件及燃料组件的结构完整性。改进型控制棒组件的设计能够实现预期的水力缓冲功能,可用于超临界压水堆堆芯设计。     

中国实验快堆燃料组件频率测量试验

堆芯的安全性极其重要,反应堆堆芯组件的抗震分析比较困难。为给中国实验快堆堆芯组件的数值分析提供依据,同时也为安全审评提供基本数据,利用动态测量系统完成了单根燃料组件分别在空气和水介质中频率的测量。试验中,分别采用了3档不同幅值的激励力。考虑安装公差对频率的影响,采用重新安装燃料组件的方法重复测量。经分析,试验结果合理可靠。     

Methodology for a numerical simulation of an insertion or a drop of the rod cluster control assembly in a PWR

In a pressurised water reactor, the rod cluster control assembly is a system which controls the neutronic activity of the core. It consists of long rods, connected by a spider fixture and a cylindrical system for the control drive mechanism. At its withdrawn position, the activity of the core is maximum, and at its completely inserted position, the activity of the core vanishes. In case of emergency, an effective way to shutdown the reactor is to let it drop under its own weight. An other way to verify the efficiency of the rod cluster control assembly is the insertion test. It consists in inserting the rod into its guides and in checking if the reaction friction force is not high enough to block the movement of the rod cluster control assembly.We present in this paper a methodology for a numerical simulation of an insertion or a drop of the rod cluster control assembly into its guides (discontinuous and continuous guides, guide thimble). A numerical model is elaborated in which many loads are taken into account: fluid load, gravity and friction force between the rod and the guide. The numerical results are compared to experimental measurements obtained from a full-scale structure. A good agreement between the calculated and the measured data is observed.The numerical model takes into account the possible deflection of the guide. It shows clearly that the friction force cannot be neglected when the guide is bowed. So one can locate a faulty guiding system by examining the reaction force during the insertion test. Then, the numerical model can help the decider to make his choice among different rod cluster/fuel assembly components.     

基于CMS程序包的环形燃料堆芯物理计算分析

为研究在大型商用压水堆中采用环形燃料元件的可能性,需分析环形燃料的堆芯物理性能。本文研究了CASMO5程序计算环形燃料组件物理参数出现偏差的原因及其处理方法,分析了4组环形燃料先导组件加入秦山二期核电站平衡循环堆芯之后的堆芯物理参数。计算结果表明,装载的环形燃料先导组件对堆芯物理性能影响较小,基于CMS程序包开展环形燃料堆芯物理性能分析计算是可行的。     

数值反应堆堆芯通道级三维热工水力程序CorTAF开发及初步验证

堆芯是核动力系统的核心部件,其完整性是反应堆安全运行的重要前提。传统核反应堆堆芯热工水力分析方法无法满足未来先进核动力系统的高精度模拟需求。本文依托开源CFD平台OpenFOAM,针对压水堆堆芯棒束结构特点建立了冷却剂流动换热模型、燃料棒导热模型和耦合换热模型,开发了一套基于有限体积法的压水堆全堆芯通道级热工水力特性分析程序CorTAF。选取GE3×3、Weiss和PNL2×6燃料组件流动换热实验开展模型验证,计算结果与实验数据基本符合,表明该程序适用于棒束燃料组件内冷却剂流动换热特性预测。本工作对压水堆堆芯安全分析工具开发具有参考和借鉴意义。     

Development of , a seismic analysis program for FBR core components

A computer program, (seismic analysis program for fuel assemblies) has been developed to analyze core component vibration in fast breeder reactors (FBRs) during seismic excitation. Since an FBR core is composed of as many as 1000 core subassemblies (fuel assemblies, blanket assemblies, neutron shield assemblies, etc.), which are immersed in a coolant fluid, seismic analysis of FBR cores must consider the vibrations generated in a system with a large number of degrees of freedom with impacts under fluid-structure interactions. models subassemblies as finite beam elements. Fluid interaction forces are considered as added mass and time integration is done using mode superposition and the Nigam method. The load pad impact is modeled using a gap, a linear spring and a linear damper. The program also uses a new method to determine the nonlinear impact force, making it unnecessary to use convergence iteration. Comparison with experimental results confirms that the program can closely predict the seismic response of FBR cores.