Organic/inorganic double-precursor cross-linked alumina aerogel with high specific surface area and high-temperature resistance

Alumina aerogel has drawn a great research interest in the aerogel community owing to its great high-temperature heat resistance. The typical preparation can be divided into two approaches depending on the type of precursors. However, the alumina aerogel derived from organic aluminum alkoxides suffers from poor monolithic integrity, whereas the one from inorganic aluminum salts presents unsatisfied thermal stability. In this work, we develop a novel organic/inorganic double-precursor cross-linking method to prepare alumina aerogels. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is used to provide an acid condition for the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of aluminum sec-butoxide (ASB), and serves as a reactant to co-condensate with the hydrolyzed ASB to form an interpenetrating chain structure. The resulting alumina aerogel exhibits a high specific surface area (SSA) of 667 m²/g and good high-temperature thermal insulation performance. Moreover, it can still retain SSA of 224 and 105 m²/g after heating at 1000 and 1300°C, respectively.     

Effects of specific surface area of electrode and different electrolyte on capacitance properties in nano porous-structure CrN thin film electrode for supercapacitor

Thickness and specific surface area of the film electrode are critical parameters for supercapacitors. The relationship between the thickness and the specific surface area of the film directly affects the capacitance and electrochemical stability performance of super supercapacitors, which virtually affects the contact chance of ion in the electrolyte on the surface of electrode and the ion transport path of electrode. In this paper, the CrN thin films with a thickness of 200–3500 nm are prepared using direct current magnetron sputtering. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique is introduced to investigate the relationship between thickness and the specific surface area of the CrN films. The electrochemical performances of CrN electrode with the nanoporousper structure is analyzed in different electrolytes H₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄ and NaCl aquous solutions. The specific surface area of the film increases linearly with the film thickness increases. The areal capacitance is also linearly related to the specific surface area. The spurtted CrN film with a thickness of 3370 nm has a specific surface of up to 43.59 cm² per cm² footprint area. Its areal and volume capacitances reache to 53.92 mF cm^?2 and 650 F cm^?3 at 5 mV s^?1, respectively. In addition, the areal capacitance of CrN film electrode with 655 nm possesses reaches to 40.53 mF cm^?2 for 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution, 32.69 mF cm^?2 for 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ solution and 9.17 mF cm^?2 for NaCl solution at a scan rate of 5 mV s^?1. Furthermore, the CrN film electrode exhibits excellent capacitance retention of 95.3%, 93.8% and 89.9% in H₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄ and NaCl electrolytes, respectively, after 2000 cycles. Therefore, the sputtered CrN thin film is an potential electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors.     

高比表面积二氧化钛制备研究新进展

高比表面积二氧化钛因具有性质稳定、难溶、成本低廉等优点,近年来被广泛应用于催化剂、半导体、传感材料、电子陶瓷等领域,尤其在催化剂的研制方面,二氧化钛作为新型优良的载体被众多研究者所采用.主要介绍了高比表面积二氧化钛材料的最新研究现状、基本合成机理.综述了高比表面积二氧化钛目前常用的几种液相合成方法.     

Silica foams with ultra-large specific surface area structured by hollow mesoporous silica spheres

Ceramic foams with multi-scale pores and large specific surface area have received extensive attention due to their unique structure and superior properties. Considering that there are still challenges to synthesize porous ceramics with large specific surface area, a novel ceramic foam material with ultra-large specific surface area has been prepared using hollow silica mesoporous spheres (HMSSs) as building block in this work. These building blocks were made weakly hydrophobic in order to produce HMSS particle stabilized foams. The foams exhibit a uniform primary macropore structure, which is composed of a three dimensional HMSS-assembled network, via HMSS-stabilized foams. The influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of HMSS foams is investigated. The HMSS foams exhibit highest specific surface area of 1733 m²/g, attributed to the radial mesopores in HMSS shell, when sintered at between 500°C and 800°C. This specific surface area is much higher than that of existing ceramic materials. The uniform pore structure and ultra-large specific surface area make it a promising lightweight material in potential application fields, including catalyst, adsorption, fire-resistant thermal insulation, and load and control release system.     

高纯度高比表面积氧化锡粉体的研制

在硝酸氧化法制备氧化锡粉体基础上,通过改进制备工艺及条件,制得高纯度高比表面积氧化锡粉体,即：在络合能力强的复合有机酸溶液中加入纯度在99.90％以上的高纯锡,形成中间共溶体;向中间共溶体中滴加硝酸和氧化剂进行凝胶化反应,得到灰白色膏状前驱体;向膏状前驱体中滴加氨水进行聚合反应,得到棕色透明液体;棕色透明液体经过滤、喷雾干燥、热处理和粉碎得到氧化锡粉体。产品质量检测结果为：产品纯度为99.90％,中位径为3.5 μm、比表面积为20.79 m²/g、表观密度为0.81 g/cm³。该工艺简单,生产周期短,成本低,易于产业化。     

比表面积简易测定法

简易干燥器乙醇法测定多孔物质比表面积。叙述了测定比表面积的原理，仪器装置，溶液的配制，乙醇分了截面积的推测和干燥器乙醇法测比表面积的实际操作。     

Synthesis of nanostructured magnesium silicate with high surface area and mesoporous structure

Nanostructured magnesium silicate with high BET surface area and mesoporous structure was prepared by a hydrothermal method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as surfactant and magnesium nitrate and sodium silicate aqueous solution as magnesium and silicate sources, respectively. The effects of different parameters such as hydrothermal treatment, reaction temperature, pH, ethanol/PEG ratio and etc. on the structural properties of the synthesized sample were examined. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that hydrothermal treatment increased BET surface area from 290 to 394.2 m²/g and transfer amorphous phase to crystalline. Also, increasing in aging temperature, aging time, pH value and ethanol/PEG ratio did not change surface area by specific procedure, whereas increasing calcination temperature decreased surface area. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment and increasing in pH value will change hysteresis loop. The highest BET surface area obtained in this paper is 619.8 m²/g.     

Preparation and characterization of nitrogen-doped mesoporous titania with high specific surface area

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous titania aerogel photocatalysts were prepared by supercritical drying technique with carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) and calcination the urea impregnated TiO₂ aerogel at 773 K under NH₃ or N₂ + NH₃aq gaseous atmosphere. The pore properties were investigated from nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77 K. The prepared N-doped TiO₂ aerogel had a high specific surface area (116 m²/g), a total pore volume (0.33 cm³/g) and a sharp pore radius distribution (r_peak = 4.2 nm). The doping of the nitrogen atom into the TiO₂ lattice is expected from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Nitrogen states in the lattice and crystalline structure were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The N-doped TiO₂ aerogel absorbed well into the visible region up to 600 nm.     

钛-硅复合氧化物比表面积的影响因素研究

以无机盐为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钛-硅复合氧化物（TiO₂-SiO₂）。利用氮气吸附-脱附法对复合氧化物进行了比表面积分析。考察了原料配比、加料方式、表面活性剂、反应温度、老化温度、老化时间、焙烧温度等因素对复合氧化物比表面积的影响。综合结果表明：当二氧化钛质量分数为22%、添加剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、反应温度为30 ℃、老化温度为70 ℃、老化时间为1 h、焙烧温度为150 ℃时,制备的复合氧化物的比表面积为361.4 m²/g、孔容为1.18 cm³/g、平均孔径为13.0 nm。不同因素对比表面积均有一定的影响,依据规律可以实现复合氧化物比表面积的可控调变。     

高比表面积煤质活性炭的制备与活化机理

以煤为原料,采用KOH活化法制备了高比表面积活性炭,分别考察了活化温度、浸渍比和活化时间等工艺参数对活性炭吸附性能的影响;测试了高比表面积活性炭在-196℃对N₂的吸附等温线、比表面积和孔径分布。结果表明,当活化工艺参数为活化温度900℃,浸渍比4,活化时间1.5 h的条件下可以制得较好的高比表面积活性炭产品,其比表面积为3135 m²·g^-1,孔容为1.72 cm³·g^-1,碘吸附值为2657 mg·g^-1;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了高比表面积活性炭的微观结构,采用气体分析仪检测了活化过程中的尾气成分,提出了高比表面积活性炭的活化机理。     

高比表面积羟基氧化铁的脱砷性能

利用羟基氧化铁的吸附特性可以有效脱除水体中的重金属,考察在不同条件下的脱砷效果。采用浆态床脱除法进行评价实验,主要考察废液砷含量、p H、温度、羟基氧化铁浓度和震荡时间等对脱砷率的影响。结果表明,废液砷含量和p H对脱砷率影响较小,时间、温度及羟基氧化铁浓度对脱砷率影响较大,羟基氧化铁浓度为影响脱砷效果的主要因素,整体来看,脱除率较高。在羟基氧化铁浓度为150 mg·m L-1、震荡时间1 h和温度50℃条件下,可将初始砷含量176.00 mg·L-1的废水降至砷含量为5.46 mg·L-1。     

硅灰石合成高比表面积二氧化硅的工艺研究

一系列硅灰石酸处理实验表明,产物物理性质与反应速度、反应时间、中和最终ｐＨ值等工艺条件有关。同时发现,如果工艺条件恰当,可以制得４００～６００ｍ＾２／ｇ的高比表面积二氧化硅。     

A fryer design with constant specific surface area

The specific surface area (surface area/volume) of a traditional frying vessel with a rectangular profile increases as the oil level decreases. In order to maintain a constant specific surface area of frying oil regardless of oil consumption, a special fryer was designed and constructed. The specific surface area of a frying vessel having a linear-inclined profile (Valentine batch fryer) deviated from a constant value by a maximum of 7.5%. The specific surface area of a frying vessel with an exponentially curved profile maintained a constant specific surface area even though the oil level varied.     

配位沉淀制备高比表面积氢氧化铜纳米线/纳米棒

以CuSO4?5H2O、氨水和NaOH为原料,采用配位沉淀法制备了不同形貌的Cu(OH)2纳米粉末,考察了NaOH用量、氨水用量和CuSO4初始浓度对颗粒形貌、粒度和比表面积的影响. 结果表明,在CuSO4初始浓度0.1 mol/L、摩尔比NH3:CuSO4=7和NaOH:CuSO4=2~4的条件下,Cu(OH)2由纳米线组装成花簇状,随NaOH用量增加,单头簇状结构减少,双头花簇状结构增多;在CuSO4初始浓度0.1 mol/L、摩尔比NaOH:CuSO4=2和NH3:CuSO4=7的条件下,得到由长径比为20~60的纳米线组成的直径为0.3~1 μm、长1~3 μm的花形簇状Cu(OH)2颗粒,其粒度分布均一,比表面积达83.3 m2/g,表面存在吸附水;在摩尔比NH3:CuSO4=3,NaOH:CuSO4=2的条件下,随CuSO4初始浓度降低,Cu(OH)2纳米线倾向组装成花形簇状结构.     

高比表面积活性炭吸附存储天然气性能研究

天然气中少量乙烷和丙烷的存在会直接影响活性炭对天然气的吸附存储容量。为此,体积法测定了高比表面积活性炭对甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的吸附等温线,吸附温度分别为283,293,303和313K;采用Langmuir-Freundlich(LF)方程拟合吸附等温线,得到各气体的方程参数,进而采用LRC关联式预测多组分吸附平衡数据,并计算活性炭对模拟天然气的存储能力。结果表明:活性炭对3种气体的吸附等温线都属于I型等温线,采用L-F方程可以很好地描述各气体的吸附等温线;高比表面积活性炭对模拟天然气的存储量随吸附温度的升高而显著降低,在吸附存储压力为3.5 MPa,吸附温度从283 K上升到313 K,相应的存储量(体积比)由139降低为103;与纯甲烷的吸附存储相比,模拟天然气的吸附储量(体积比)提高约20。     

氢氧化钾活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭

研究了以石油焦为原料,用氢氧化钾为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭方法。通过正交实验与进一步的单因素实验考察了碱焦比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭碘吸附值和活化收率的影响。实验结果表明碱焦比对活性炭碘吸附值影响最显著,增大碱焦比、延长活化时间和选择合适的活化温度能提高碘吸附能力。在碱焦比为4∶1,活化温度750℃和活化时间120 min条件下制备的活性炭BET比表面积可达2775 m2/g,总孔容为2.888 cm3/g。     

高比表面积煤基活性炭的制备及其吸附性能的研究

以太西无烟煤为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用化学活化法制备高比表面积煤基活性炭,着重考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明：当碱炭比为4、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1h时,可以制得比表面积达3215m^2／g,碘吸附值达2884mg／g,亚甲蓝吸附值达548mg／g的高比表面积煤基活性炭。     

One-step alkali chloride-assisted solution combustion synthesis of 3YSZ nanopowders with ultrahigh specific surface area

The controlled fabrication of monodisperse yttria-stabilized zirconia powders with high specific surface area (SSA) is crucial for their application performances to be bought into full play. Herein, the 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) with ultrahigh SSA was synthesized by an one-step alkali chloride-assisted solution combustion process, employing urea as fuel and easily available ZrOCl₂·8H₂O as zirconium source. The effects of the alkali chloride amount/sort, urea amount and ignition temperature (T_ig) on the microstructure of the resultants were systematically investigated. The results show that the 3YSZ derived from KCl-assisted solution combustion consists of monodisperse nanocrystals with 3.2 nm in average size (D_TEM) and 378 m² g⁻¹ in SSA under the condition of stoichiometric urea-to-nitrate ratio (α = 1), 4:1 M ratio of alkali chloride to metal ions of 3YSZ (β = 4) and T_ig = 500 °C. The introduction of alkali chlorides into the combustion mixture solution plays a critical part in the formation of well-dispersed 3YSZ nanocrystals with ultrahigh SSA. The amount/sort of alkali chloride, urea amount and ignition temperature also have significant influence on the SSAs of the resultants. In summary, the approach offers a facile, efficient, scalable and cost-effective strategy for fabrication of zirconia-based oxides with ultrahigh SSA.     

高表面积高分散度铜基催化剂的制备及其性能研究

本文对传统共沉淀法进行改进，成功制备出高表面积（383.87 m2/g）高分散度（42.74%）的新型Cu-O-Al骨架结构催化剂，表征结果表明，改进后的制备方法可以有效增大催化剂比表面积和孔容，并使得催化剂上铜物种的颗粒更小、分散度更高，进而表现出较高的催化活性。同时由于形成了Cu-O-Al骨架结构，可以显著抑制铜物种的移动，进而提高催化剂的稳定性。本文以成本较低的空气作为氧源，在典型催化剂（CuAl3）上反应温度300 ℃、较高液时空速2 h-1下，MOP最佳转化率为85.2%，MOA选择性为55.7%，且稳定运行32 h，而该空速下传统浸渍法制备的催化剂已基本无催化活性。     

氮吸附法测定炭黑比表面积的方法研究

研究炭黑比表面积的测定方法。测定方法为:低温氮吸附法及统计厚度法。该方法样品用量小、速度快,结果准确。