低温工程领域的新机遇（英文）

简要介绍和讨论了低温工程领域3个令人兴奋的进展。首先描述了提高电-燃气轮机混合驱动飞机性能的两个机会:采用超导电机或定子实现超过30kW/kg的推重比,或者使用含液化天然气的混合燃料。第二个机遇是基于氢燃料电池汽车,扼要给出了氢燃料电池汽车在商业部门的快速发展情况,液氢的供应和运输是氢燃料电池汽车相关基础设施的重要组成部分。第三探讨了小型等离子体热核反应装置的新兴发展情况,等离子体热核反应将在未来10到15年成为人类重要的清洁能源来源。由于小型等离子体热核反应装置依赖于工作在超高磁场强度的高温超导磁体,所以它将为低温工程领域带来一系列创新的机会。     

从第17届国际低温工程会议看近二十年来国际低温领域的重大进展

１第十七届低温工程会议概况由国际低温工程委员会（ＩＣＥＣ）和国际制冷学会（ＩＩＲ）支持的１９９８年第十七届国际低温工程会议（ＩＣＥＣ１７）于１９９８年７月１４日至７月１７日在英国南部海滨城市布思茅斯召开,会场设在布恩茅斯国际会议中心。会议由国际低温工程委员会委员、英国南安普敦大学制冷与低温工程研究所前所长斯考劳克教授担任主席,由英国南安普敦大学低温物理学家彼得．沃森教授担任组织委员会主席。这是国际低温工程会议第四次在英国召开。以前的三次会议分别是１９６８年在布来顿召开的ＩＣＥＣＩ,１９７８年在伦…     

热管技术在低温领域的应用

叙述了热管技术概念和基本工作原理,介绍了热管在VM低温制冷机、辐射制冷器、固体制冷器、低温红外探测器温控、深低温热管手术器和磁制冷机方面的应用,以及对今后应用的展望。     

《低温工程》来稿注意事项

1、来稿应具备创新性、实用性和科学性，论点明确、论据充分、数据准确、文字精练、逻辑严谨。一般不要超过5000字，且图表数量不宜过多。同一研究课题的同一主题请一次完成论文，不要分几次投寄。     

低温工程为社会服务

低温工程为社会服务李式模（浙江大学制冷与低温工程教研室，杭州３１００２７）笔者于今年７月去美国先后参加低温工程会议和国际低温材料会议（ＣＥＣ／ＩＣＭＣ）以及空间低温工程学术讨论会（ＳＣＷ），本文综合介绍这几个会议的情况。１９３＇ＣＥＣ／ＩＣＭＣ会议每...     

低温推进剂的液位测量

在低温贮罐内贮存液氢、液氧、液氮，液住的精确测量是非常重要的。本文介绍了差压式液位测量方法，经实践应用证明，其结果是比较令人满意的。     

A cryogenic target within an electric field

A liquid hydrogen target is placed inside a streamer chamber which has an electric field equal to 20 kV cm^?1. A flask of the target is made from mylar. Its diameter is 35 mm, its length is 198 mm and its thickness is 100 microns. The target box is made from polystyrene foam. The diameter of the box is 59 mm and its thickness is 7 mm. A source of cold for the target is a cooling gas machine having a power of 100 W.     

Development of cryogenic prototyping for tissue engineering

A major challenge in tissue engineering has been the creation of scaffolds with controlled complex geometries. Rapid prototyping (RP) has the ability to produce complex three-dimensional structures with precise control of pore size, geometry and connectivity. In this paper, a novel technique utilising RP technology for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds is presented. The main advantage of this cryogenic prototyping (CP) technique is the low operating temperatures which will allow the processing of temperature sensitive and bioactive components. Microstructure of CP Chitosan scaffolds fabricated can be controlled by processing parameters, such as the processing temperature. The macrostructure of the scaffolds is controlled by 3D computer aided design (CAD). In addition, in vitro studies with Chitosan CP scaffolds have shown that the scaffold designs are useful in promoting cell infiltration and alignment. Preliminary in vivo studies show encouraging results of cellular infiltration as well as vascularisation.     

Development of cryogenic prototyping for tissue engineering

A major challenge in tissue engineering has been the creation of scaffolds with controlled complex geometries. Rapid prototyping (RP) has the ability to produce complex three-dimensional structures with precise control of pore size, geometry and connectivity. In this paper, a novel technique utilising RP technology for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds is presented. The main advantage of this cryogenic prototyping (CP) technique is the low operating temperatures which will allow the processing of temperature sensitive and bioactive components. Microstructure of CP Chitosan scaffolds fabricated can be controlled by processing parameters, such as the processing temperature. The macrostructure of the scaffolds is controlled by 3D computer aided design (CAD). In addition, in vitro studies with Chitosan CP scaffolds have shown that the scaffold designs are useful in promoting cell infiltration and alignment. Preliminary in vivo studies show encouraging results of cellular infiltration as well as vascularisation.     

液氢温区冷氦增压系统试验研究

针对某型号火箭冷氦增压系统,建设了液氢温区冷氦增压系统试验平台,通过试验得到了冷氦气源压力和温度、冷氦加热器性能、模拟贮箱压力和温度的变化规律.结果表明:低温制冷机组配合高压低温换热贮罐可以真实模拟箭上的冷氦气源;根据对增压过程中贮箱压力的分析表明排气方式可以真实模拟箭上推进剂消耗过程中贮箱压力的变化情况;另外,试验中压力信号器、电磁阀和贮箱工作正常,验证了火箭冷氦增压系统的可靠性.     

低温液氢加注系统间歇泉现象风险评估研究

分析了液氢加注系统竖直管路内间歇泉现象产生的过程,总结了间歇泉现象产生的原因与危害性.采用改进的风险矩阵法,对间歇泉现象产生时给加注管路以及贮箱带来的危害进行了风险评估.为提前发现液氢加注过程中间歇泉现象引起的风险及风险发生后的风险转移提供理论参考,从而减小风险对液氢加注系统的影响.     

Biomaterials and tissue engineering in reconstructive surgery

This paper provides an account of the rationale for the development of implantable medical devices over the last half-century and explains the criteria that have controlled the selection of biomaterials for these critical applications. In spite of some good successes and excellent materials, there are still serious limitations to the performance of implants today, and the paper explains these limitations and develops this theme in order to describe the recent innovations in tissue engineering, which involves a different approach to reconstruction of the body     

低温用膨胀珍珠岩绝热性能的实验研究

本文以常用低温保温材料膨胀珍珠岩 (珠光砂 )为研究对象 ,实验测量了在稳态和非稳态传热条件下的导热性能、热扩散性能及其随温度的变化规律 ,并对两种传热条件下的绝热特性进行了分析和研究 ,为工程应用提供可靠的理论依据 ,也为低温绝热方案的选择及优化提供参考资料     

Emerging methods and opportunities in nanoscale materials characterization

The emergence of powerful nanomaterials characterization techniques promises to underpin a new range of advances in materials research. There have been significant developments in the characterization of the phase, structure, composition, and dynamics of materials at the nanoscale. Articles in this issue report recent advances in three areas: atom probe tomography, x-ray nanobeam scattering and diffraction, and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Each of these provides three-dimensional insight into hard materials in ways that have been previously unavailable. Taken together, these emerging methods have the potential to provide new tests for materials theory and computation and to extend significantly the range of questions that can be answered in materials research.