一种含有分散型粘度指数改进剂组分的润滑油

美国Lubrizol公司6，639，034专利报道了1种润滑油分散型粘度指数改进剂组分，此专利包括含氮的聚合物作为润滑油的分散型的粘度指数改进剂组分，还有有关它的工艺和制备方法。     

粘度指数改进剂对车用润滑油性能影响

粘度指数改进剂的种类很多，性能各异，影响润滑油流变能力的粘度指数改进剂是调配车用油的关键成分。文章介绍了不同粘度指数改进剂的作用与性能，分析了不同粘度指数改进剂对车用油低温粘度及高温高剪切粘度产生的不同影响，阐述了不同粘度指数改进剂在不同油品中的选择性与适应性。对于不同用途的车用油，选择合适的粘度指数改进剂是非常重要的，除了考虑其增稠能力、低温性能等指标外，还需关注其剪切稳定性。实验证明，选择剪切稳定性好的粘度指数改进剂，对保证优良、稳定的产品质量，进而突出产品特色是不无裨益的。     

粘度指数改进剂与发动机润滑油边界泵送性能的关系

发动机润滑油的边界泵送性能与发动机在低温下能否及时正常供油和润滑密切相关,边界泵送性能不好将导致润滑油不能及时到达润滑部件,致使发动机运动部件严重磨损。通过对国内外有关粘度指数改进剂与发动机润滑油边界泵送性能关系的研究情况进行总结,同时通过大量实验进一步考察粘度指数改进剂与边界泵送性能的关系,实验数据表明：粘度指数改进剂的类型及加入量与发动机润滑油的边界泵送性能有一定关联,而降凝剂类型及配方主剂的变化对边界泵送性能的影响并不明显。     

粘度指数改进剂对润滑油性能的影响

评价粘度指数改进剂的主要指标包括增稠能力 (D )、剪切稳定性 (S )、低温流动性和热氧化安定性 4个方面。从这 4个方面综述了粘度指数改进剂对润滑油性能的影响。     

基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响

用成焦板（或成漆板）试验法考察了基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响。结果表明,基础油的粘度和粘度指数改进剂对油品的高温清净性有很大影响;粘度较大的基础油的高温清净性明显优于低粘度的基础油,在低粘度的基础油中加入一些重组分,可明显改善油品的高温清净性;而在油品中加入粘度指数改进剂会使油品的高温清净性变差,非分散型粘度指数改进剂的负面影响更大。     

国外润滑油添加剂的供需和发展动向

介绍了美国、西欧、日本９０年代润滑油添加剂的从需情况和滑净剂、分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、抗氧剂、新型摩擦改进型、生物降解润滑剂的发展动向。润滑油添加剂向多功能方向发展，粘度指数改进剂将成为用量最大的润滑油添加剂，抗氧用量将大幅度增加，分散一增长将超过清净剂，生物降解性润滑剂的使用量日益增加。     

影响乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂剪切稳定指数因素的分析

粘度指数改进剂作为调制多级润滑油的主要添加剂之一,它自身质量高低对多级油的品质起了至关重要的作用。文章针对影响粘度指数改进剂重要指标剪切稳定指数的主要因素,从原材料的使用、生产工艺的确定、设备运行操作等几个方面进行了查找和分析,为生产高品质粘度指数改进剂积累了一定的生产经验并优化了生产工艺条件。     

胶凝指数法研究润滑油的低温泵送性

验证Ｓｅｌｂｙ提出的胶凝指数对国产润滑油的适用性,研究了蜡、降凝剂和粘度指数改进剂对润滑油低温泵送性的影响,提出了一个判别国产润滑低温泵送性好坏的标准,即综合考察胶凝指数、胶凝温度及边界泵送温度。研究发现,蜡在一定范围内使润滑油的胶凝指数降低,胶凝温度及边界泵送温度升高;粘度指数改进剂使润滑油的胶凝温度降低、边界泵送温度升高;降凝剂烷基萘均使润滑油的胶凝指数、胶温度及边界泵送温度降低;胶凝温度与凝     

粘度指数改进剂对新的和用过的稠化润滑油中金属含量测定的影响

一种原子吸收光谱法广泛用于测定新的及用过的稠化润滑油中的金属含量,尤其是锌、钙、铁和铜含量。许多方法涉及用煤油稀释样品随后吸入原子吸收光谱仪。但是,结果表明这些方法经受基质干扰,影响这些干扰的最大因素是加入稠化润滑油配方的粘度指数改进剂的浓度、结构、分子量及所用溶剂的粘度。已建立了一些常用粘度指数改进剂的回归方程,以便于新的和用过的稠化润滑油中待测锌、钙、铁和铜浓度的校正。 Lubr.Sci.-1999,11(4).-389～406(英)     

内燃机油用粘度指数改进剂SHL—615的生产及应用

介绍中德合资北京中堡润滑油有限公司粘度指数改进剂SHL－615的生产工艺及采用该工艺的1500t/a装置所产粘度指数改进剂的性能。生产的粘度指数改进剂可以调制10W／30、15W／40 SF／CC、SF／CD级内燃机油,调制的油品具有良好的剪切安定性和增稠能力,低温性能也能达到指标要求。产品性能与国内外同类产品质量相当。     

LDPE涂层专用料分子结构及性能的表征方法

综述了表征ＬＤＰＥ涂层专用料分子结构及性能的各种方法,提出了适合表征燕化ＬＤＰＥ涂层料１Ｃ７Ａ结构及性能的方法：用凝胶渗透色谱测分子量和分子量分布;红外光谱测支化度;用衰减全反射红外光谱表征１Ｃ７Ａ的粘结性能;热重法测热稳定性,并用毛细管流变仪表征其流动性。     

影响道路沥青低温抗裂性能的因素

用弯曲梁流变仪、直接拉伸试验机对7种国内外油源沥青样品进行了低温抗裂性能的评价，从沥青的四组分、相对分子质量及其分布来分析其对沥青低温抗裂性能的影响，结果表明，沥青的相对分子质量分布宽，对沥青的低温抗裂性能有利。     

富芳烃油馏分组成对中间相沥青形成的影响

中间相沥青是制备新型碳材料的优良前躯体,其品质与原料的结构性质密切相关。采用减压蒸馏工艺对富芳烃油进行馏分切割预处理,得到不同结构组成的馏分油,分别进行热处理制备中间相沥青。对原料的相对分子质量及分子结构进行表征,并采用偏光显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重、X射线衍射等研究手段对产品的微观结构、分子结构和微晶结构进行分析,探讨原料相对分子质量及分子结构对中间相沥青形成与发展的影响。结果表明：原料结构组成是影响中间相品质的重要因素,相对分子质量分布窄、环烷结构含量高的原料有利于形成各向异性结构含量高、软化点低、微晶结构有序的中间相沥青。     

LIMITATIONS OF AVERAGE STRUCTURE DETERMINATION FOR HEAVY ENDS IN FOSSIL FUELS

This paper provides a critical analysis of the average molecular structure determination For high boiling and nondistll-lahle fractions in fossil fuels. The emphasis is on molecular weight distribution and compound-class composition. The wide molecular weight distribution, resulting from the different volatility of the various chemical classes of compounds comprising these complex mixtures, is demonstrated to be the major limitation.     

30号硬质道路沥青组成结构对使用性能影响的机理研究

30号硬质道路沥青对提高路面高温稳定性能有显著效果,为探索影响沥青质量的内在因素,以溶剂脱沥青工艺制备的阿曼30号沥青和沙中30号沥青为研究对象,研究组成结构对使用性能的影响机理。结果表明,两种30号沥青均满足GB/T 15180—2010的要求,相比沙中30号沥青,阿曼30号沥青具有较好的高低温性能、抗老化性能和感温性能。组成结构研究表明,沥青的使用性能与其组成结构有着重大关联,不仅与组成存在比例关系,同时也与其内部结构紧密相关。相对于沙中30号沥青,阿曼30号沥青中各组分相对分子质量分布较宽,同时平均相对分子质量较高,各组分之间f_A,H/C,R_A/R_N,H_(AU)C_A等结构参数的差异性较小,胶体稳定指标I_c较高,主要组分芳香分、胶质和沥青质具有较长的侧链。高胶体稳定系数、较宽的相对分子质量分布、较小的组分结构差异性和具有长侧链等特点有利于形成稳定的胶体结构,进而使30号沥青体现出良好的高低温性能和抗老化性能。     

LIMITATIONS OF AVERAGE STRUCTURE DETERMINATION FOR HEAVY ENDS IN FOSSIL FUELS

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a critical analysis of the average molecular structure determination For high boiling and nondistll-lahle fractions in fossil fuels. The emphasis is on molecular weight distribution and compound-class composition. The wide molecular weight distribution, resulting from the different volatility of the various chemical classes of compounds comprising these complex mixtures, is demonstrated to be the major limitation.     

HPAM的分子量对岩心渗透率适应性研究

本文以不同分子量ＨＰＡＭ通过不同渗透率岩心后粘度、筛网系数及特性粘度的变化研究ＨＰＡＭ分子量与岩心渗透率的适应性，给出了不同渗透率地层所适应的分子量范围及降低降解程度的方法。     

THE COLLOIDAL STRUCTURE OF CRUDE OILS AND SUSPENSIONS OF ASPHALTENES AND RESINS

ABSTRACT

A better understanding of colloidal macrostructure of the heavy petroleum products and their complex fractions is of great importance in the context of industrial problems that arise during the crude oil production, refining and transport. Much effort has been devoted to the chemical structure studies, but there is a need for more precise data regarding parameters that characterize those complex systems. For instance, the molecular weight of heavy molecules, the composition and size of aggregates formed during the industrial processing and their evolution upon the variation of temperature, pressure and with the addition of solvent have not been well known. In this paper we present new results obtained using several powerful techniques. Scattering methods (using X-rays and neutrons) are applied to study both the fractionated products (asphaltene and resin solutions in more or less good solvents) and the real systems (Safaniya vacuum residue). The lamellar structural model for asphaltenes and resins is confirmed and the molecular weight of these species determined using a polydisperse size distribution. Discussion is presented concerning the specificity of X-ray and neutron scattering : X-ray experiments are more sensitive to the aromatic-rich regions, whereas the neutron scattering data provide information about all the particle volume. Viscosimetry measurements provide information on the molecular shape of asphaltene and confirm the disk-like model. Critical micellar concentration has been obtained using Vapour Pressure Osmometry (VPO) for asphaltene suspensions in toluene and in pyridine. The resin molecules are smaller than asphaltenes, and appear to be a good solvent for asphaltenes. One of the major conclusions of this work is the wide-spread presence of density heterogeneities in diluted solutions of asphaltenes and resins as well as in the pure product (Safaniya vacuum residue). This was deduced from the scattering experiments and cryo-scanning electron microscopy data. The heating effects. were studied: a temperature increase leads to the decrease of molecular weight, but heterogeneities remain present. The structure of vacuum residue exhibits large density fluctuations which are thermally stable. These dense regions remain connected into a network up to 393°K and determine the yield value of the rheological behaviour.     

THE COLLOIDAL STRUCTURE OF CRUDE OILS AND SUSPENSIONS OF ASPHALTENES AND RESINS

A better understanding of colloidal macrostructure of the heavy petroleum products and their complex fractions is of great importance in the context of industrial problems that arise during the crude oil production, refining and transport. Much effort has been devoted to the chemical structure studies, but there is a need for more precise data regarding parameters that characterize those complex systems. For instance, the molecular weight of heavy molecules, the composition and size of aggregates formed during the industrial processing and their evolution upon the variation of temperature, pressure and with the addition of solvent have not been well known. In this paper we present new results obtained using several powerful techniques. Scattering methods (using X-rays and neutrons) are applied to study both the fractionated products (asphaltene and resin solutions in more or less good solvents) and the real systems (Safaniya vacuum residue). The lamellar structural model for asphaltenes and resins is confirmed and the molecular weight of these species determined using a polydisperse size distribution. Discussion is presented concerning the specificity of X-ray and neutron scattering : X-ray experiments are more sensitive to the aromatic-rich regions, whereas the neutron scattering data provide information about all the particle volume. Viscosimetry measurements provide information on the molecular shape of asphaltene and confirm the disk-like model. Critical micellar concentration has been obtained using Vapour Pressure Osmometry (VPO) for asphaltene suspensions in toluene and in pyridine. The resin molecules are smaller than asphaltenes, and appear to be a good solvent for asphaltenes. One of the major conclusions of this work is the wide-spread presence of density heterogeneities in diluted solutions of asphaltenes and resins as well as in the pure product (Safaniya vacuum residue). This was deduced from the scattering experiments and cryo-scanning electron microscopy data. The heating effects. were studied: a temperature increase leads to the decrease of molecular weight, but heterogeneities remain present. The structure of vacuum residue exhibits large density fluctuations which are thermally stable. These dense regions remain connected into a network up to 393°K and determine the yield value of the rheological behaviour.     

新型无灰分散剂的结构分析研究

通过薄膜渗析、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、皂化反应等一系列手段建立了一套对无灰分散剂的系统分析方法，并利用该方法得到了一种新型无灰分散剂及其衍生物的平均结构、相对分子质量分布、分散度等重要结构信息，得出该新型无灰分散剂的结构与传统无灰分散剂的结构不同。