洋河大曲中抗胁迫酵母菌的筛选及生物特性初探

以洋河酒厂高温大曲为研究对象,分离得到20株酵母菌,经筛选得到2株耐性较强的酵母菌J-9和J-10,并对其生理生化特性和发酵情况进行研究。结果表明,高浓度的糖、酒精和盐均抑制2株酵母菌的生长,J-10无论在糖的抑制浓度、高盐浓度或发酵性能指标都相对优于J-9;2株菌的较适发酵温度为30℃,pH值为3.0～4.5时生长良好;产酒精能力分别为5.6%vol和6.3%vol。     

柑橘酒酿造酵母的筛选及特性研究

从柑橘自然发酵液中分离得到的酵母为出发菌,通过初筛及发酵瓶复筛,筛选得酵母菌株GJ-17,该酵母的最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH生长范围为3.2～4.2,耐酒精能力较高,可达到16%Vol.在柑橘汁发酵中发酵能力强,产生酒度较高,残糖较低,产香较好,完全可以作为独立的发酵菌株使用.     

耐高温高产酒精酵母菌的筛选鉴定及特性研究

为了筛选耐高温产酒精酵母菌,以贵州省茅台镇酱香型酒厂的第四轮次酒醅为实验材料,采用平板划线分离法筛选出37株酵母菌,从37株酵母菌中通过热致死温度、TTC染色法获得1株耐高温且高产酒精的J18菌株,对其在最高发酵温度的耐乙醇、耐酸、耐糖及发酵力进行了研究。结果表明：J18菌株的最高发酵温度为44℃,耐乙醇浓度18%vol,最适生长pH值为5.5;最适生长葡萄糖浓度为35%,最适发酵条件下发酵力为4.881 g/100 mL。对该菌株进行形态学鉴定和26S rDNA测序,确定该菌株为酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）。     

酱香型白酒糟醅中耐高温酵母菌的特性研究

从酱香型白酒堆积发酵醅中筛选得到1株在45℃生长良好的耐高温酵母菌,对其耐乙醇、耐酸、耐糖能力及发酵力进行了研究。结果表明,该菌耐乙醇能力为6%vol,最适pH值为5.0,耐糖能力为25%,发酵力为6.628 g/50 mL,生长耐受最高温度为45℃。     

Research on the Properties of High-temperature Resistant Yeast Strains in Distiller＇s Grains of Maotai-flavor Liquor

从酱香型白酒堆积发酵醅中筛选得到1株在45℃生长良好的耐高温酵母菌,对其耐乙醇、耐酸、耐糖能力及发酵力进行了研究。结果表明,该菌耐乙醇能力为6%vol,最适pH值为5.0,耐糖能力为25%,发酵力为6.628 g/50 mL,生长耐受最高温度为45℃。     

青海东部野生酵母菌株抗性及发酵特性研究

以分离自青海的97株野生酵母菌株为材料,通过杜氏管发酵法初筛出35株发酵力强、有香味的酵母菌株,对其抗性和发酵特性进行研究.结果表明,35株酵母菌对SO2具有高度的抗性,大部分菌株在SO2浓度为600 mg/L时仍可正常生长并发酵;有7株耐NaCl高达120.0g/L,菌株QXN2在160.0 g/L的浓度下仍可正常生长并发酵;但大多数菌株的酒精耐受力弱,仅有6株可耐12%vol的乙醇,但已不能发酵产气;部分酵母菌株的耐温性较高,如菌株QHL4、QXS1、QJD12可耐受55℃高温;pH耐受范围在2.5～12.0之间,大部分菌株可在600 g/L的葡萄糖溶液中生长,其中9株仍可发酵产气.这9株发酵力较好且产香酵母的酒精发酵结果表明,4株产酒精度为0,具有浓郁的芳香;4株产酒度在2.1%vol～2.4%vol之间,且残糖较低,有浓郁果香.优良酵母菌株有望应用于面包生产、无醇饮料的开发、工业废水处理等领域.     

酿酒活性干酵母生理特性的研究

建立一种酿酒活性干酵母生理活性的简易评价方法,比较并筛选一株适合以木薯粉水解液发酵发酵生产燃料酒精的活性干酵母。优化2株酿酒活性干酵母的活化条件、生长温度和生长pH值,以木薯粉水解液为发酵液,在最适生长条件下比较两株酵母的生长曲线、发酵强度、耐糖能力、耐温能力和耐酒精能力。选择酿酒活性干酵母Ⅰ作为木薯粉水解液发酵酵母,该酵母在前36h发酵强度高于1g(/L.h),36h后发酵强度迅速下降;耐糖能力为20%,耐受温度是55℃以及耐酒精浓度是7%。     

白酒酒曲中9株酵母菌的分离与特性研究

从本地白酒酒曲中成功分离出9株酵母菌,依次命名为Y-1～Y-9。比较了这9个菌株的生理生化特性、耐高温能力和耐酒精能力等特性。结果表明:分离的9株酵母菌上述特性差别较大,其中,Y-4各方面均表现突出,该菌株能利用木糖在内的多种糖源,在45℃下生长良好,能耐14%的酒精度。对橘子汁为原料进行的发酵实验表明,上述菌株均能以橘子汁为原料生产酒精,其中,Y-4发酵能力最强,发酵84h后,CO2失重为12.913g。综上所述,Y-4是一株极具潜力的燃料乙醇生产工程菌株。     

新疆塔城地区乳源酵母菌的分离、鉴定及其抗胁迫特性

为收集、保护和发掘西部牧区传统发酵乳制品中酵母菌资源,从新疆塔城地区牧区共采集8份牧民自制乳制品样品。采用细胞形态学、生理生化特性鉴定、5.8S rDNA序列同源性比对相结合的方法,对酵母菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定,并考察了其耐高温、耐渗透压、耐乙醇等能力。结果表明,共分离出16株库德毕赤酵母菌(Pichia kudriavzevii)、6株戴尔有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)、4株美极梅奇酵母菌(Metschnikowia pulcherrima)、2株马克思克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)、2株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、2株胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)、2株乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)。库德毕赤酵母菌A2-1能够耐受42℃高温、2.4%高盐胁迫、50 g/100 g高糖胁迫以及12%酒精胁迫;马克思克鲁维酵母菌A2-13能够耐受42℃高温、2.4%高盐胁迫、50 g/100 g高糖胁迫以及16%酒精胁迫。可见,两株菌均能适应于工业开发需求。     

柠檬汁和甘蔗汁混合发酵酿酒酵母的筛选

通过发酵实验从7株酵母菌中筛选出发酵J}生能较好的3株菌株（7^#，1^#，6^#），并对3株酵母菌进行抗硫性、抗酸性、耐糖、耐酒精性能和耐温性能试验，最后筛选出发酵性能优良的7^#和6^#酵母菌株。其产酒率高，具有较好的耐二氧化硫能力（80～120mg／L）；能在pH3．3～3．5，糖浓度24％～27％，酒精度12％Vol～14％Vol的范围内生长和发酵；发酵结束残糖含量低，凝聚能力好；发酵所得原酒品质好，酒的风味醇和，果香、酒香浓郁、协调；7^#和6^#两株菌可应用于柠檬、甘蔗混合发酵产酒。（孙悟）     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the