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瓜果蔬菜中农药的残留研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
食品安全问题在生活中越来越受到人们的关注,瓜果蔬菜中农药残留问题也随之受到人们的重视。在不使用实验室诸多精密实验仪器的前提下,结合多数农药偏酸性的结论,依靠简单的pH试纸和pH计测定瓜果蔬菜浸泡液pH值来确定农药的残留,同时,实验生活中常见的洗除材料对果蔬农药残留的洗除效果,对日常生活具有指导意义。 相似文献
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农药是广泛用于果蔬病虫害防治及生长调节的化学药剂,但过量或不规范的使用会导致农药残留和环境污染,因此开发灵敏、高效、准确的农残快检方法意义重大。而具有拟过氧化物酶(Pseudoperoxidase, POD)活性的纳米材料因其优异的信号放大效果,已被广泛用于食品安全快速检测,也是目前果蔬农残免仪器快速检测的主要研究方向之一。综述了近年来报道的几种POD-NPs的特点和应用;讨论并总结了上述纳米材料的农药检测机制、实际应用策略和未来的发展,旨在为POD-NPs及其在农残快检中的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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农药残留速测技术研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
农药在作物病虫害的综合防治中具有不可替代的作用。几十年的经验证明,农药的使用对解决全世界的粮食问题作出了很大的贡献。随着人们对环境质量要求的提高,由农药残留引起的安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。 相似文献
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依据NY/T761.3-2004《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸类农药多残留检测方法》对蔬菜和水果中甲萘威残留量的测量不确定度进行分析和评定,分析了影响测量标准不确定度结果的各个因素,比较其对总测量不确定度的相对贡献。分析结果表明,该测量过程所产生的测量不确定度主要来源于液相色谱仪引入的标样溶液和样品溶液色谱峰面积测量不确定度,其次是甲萘威标准工作溶液和样品制备过程中引入的测量不确定度。 相似文献
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蔬菜中农残分析方法及残留农药去除率的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了一种气相色谱法检测蔬菜中农药残留的测定方法,考察了自制果蔬洗涤盐对蔬菜农药残留的去除率。采用基质固相分散法处理蔬菜样品,弗洛里硅土为固相吸附剂,丙酮/正己烷为洗脱液,各农药回收率在78%~107%,检出限0.003~0.006 mg/kg,定量限0.02~0.03 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于8%。此方法简单、易操作,可用于评价各类洗涤剂去除农药的效果。为有效去除蔬菜表面残留的农药,以食盐为基本原料,通过复配表面活性剂制备出高效的果蔬洗涤盐,其对有机磷农药敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱的去除率在70%~94%,蔬菜中农药残留量均低于国家最高残留限量。 相似文献
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建立了蔬菜水果中27种常见农药残留超高效液相色谱–电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)测定方法。样品用乙腈均质提取,加入无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析分层,经CARBON/NH2固相萃取柱净化,乙腈–甲苯(3∶1,v/v)洗脱,旋转蒸发浓缩,用乙腈–0.1%甲酸(1∶1,v/v)溶解,以电喷雾串联质谱在多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定。分析方法结果表明,多数组分在5~100μg/L范围内线性良好(r2=0.991~0.999),在10~50μg/kg范围内,27种农药的回收率为65.81%~124.7%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~19.2%。方法的检出限和定量限范围分别为0.05~5μg/L和0.2~18μg/L。该方法操作简便、快捷、灵敏,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均能满足农药多残留检测的技术要求,适用于蔬菜水果中常见农药残留的检测。 相似文献
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提出了附着系数这一概念,即单位质量水果蔬菜上所能附着的最大药液体积。对12种水果和19种蔬菜中农药的附着系数进行测量计算。结果表明:水果、蔬菜的农药附着系数分别为0.0037~0.044mL/g和0.0045~0.22mL/g,附着系数越大,该品种的农残风险越大。以附着系数的大小划分了果蔬品种可能的农残风险等级,对于水果,附着系数小于0.01mL/g的风险相对较低,大于0.01mL/g的风险相对较高;对于蔬菜,附着系数小于0.1mL/g的风险较低,大于0.1mL/g风险较高。利用附着系数还可计算果蔬的农药残留量,为获得农药残留量提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
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Processing can concentrate residues or convert residues to more toxic metabolites in food. The residual behavior of 11 pesticides in jujube fruits during four drying processes (freeze-, oven-, sun-, and microwave-drying) was assessed. Jujube samples with residues of dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos, triadimefon, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, kresoxim-methyl, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, bifenthrin, and cyhalothrin were obtained from field trials. The degradation rates of pesticides during four drying processes were between 11.4 and 95.1%. Pearson analysis showed that the degradation of pesticide residues in jujube during sun-, oven-, microwave-drying processing was related to vapor pressure and solubility in water of the pesticides. Furthermore, the effects of four drying processes on the processing factors (PFs) were investigated. After freeze-drying, PFs of pesticides were >1, except for chlorpyrifos, suggesting that the dietary exposure risk of pesticides from jujube might be increased if freeze-dried samples were used. After microwave-drying, the PFs of all pesticides were <1, indicating microwave-drying process can significantly reduce 11 pesticide residues in dried jujube. 相似文献
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以作物论,果树和蔬菜为全球最大的农药市场。介绍了2013年全球果树和蔬菜中葡萄、马铃薯、柑橘、梨果等的市场情况。 相似文献
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Stanisław Sadło Ewa Szpyrka Bartosz Piechowicz Piotr Antos Radosław Józefczyk 《臭氧:科学与工程》2017,39(2):97-103
Intensive use of plant protection products in modern agriculture and horticulture often results in increasing residue levels of active ingredients of plant protection products in fruits and vegetables. Even if the maximum residue levels are not exceeded, the synergic effects of various compounds may have a serious impact on consumers' health. In particular, more sensitive consumer groups, e.g., children, may be affected. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective method that could be utilized for reduction of pesticide residue levels in food products of plant origin. In this work, possible application of ozone to reduce pesticide residue levels in apples has been investigated. The fruits were treated with ozone in gaseous state, in ozonized water, and in water alone, which was used for rinsing the fruits. The experiments included tests on apples that were subjected to a protection program using captan, boscalid and pyraclostrobin. The ozonized water and treatment with a gaseous ozone were found to be not more efficient in reducing the pesticide content on the fruits than simple washing procedures, e.g., 81–95% reduction of captan residue or 40–67% reduction of boscalid residue and 20–42% reduction of pyraclostrobin residue. Still, ozonation of water used for rinsing prevented fruits from consecutive contamination by pesticide residues present in water after several rinsing cycles. It was proven that application of ozonation process as a part of post-harvest treatment of apples may be beneficial for the fruit quality. 相似文献