源于地龙蛋白的抗氧化肽鉴定与构效关系

为探究外源蛋白酶预酶解处理对地龙蛋白胃肠消化程度和胃肠消化后抗氧化活性的影响。该研究利用五种蛋白酶制备了不同的地龙蛋白酶解物,然后通过体外胃肠模拟消化探究这些酶解物的水解度、分子量分布和体外抗氧化活性的变化。五种蛋白酶酶解物中,碱性蛋白酶酶解物的水解度最高,为40.8%,其对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除能力分别为27.36、175.46 μmol TE/g,ORAC值为0.70 μmol TE/mg。碱性蛋白酶酶解物经胃肠消化后的水解度、DPPH自由基清除率、ORAC值相比于地龙蛋白直接胃肠消化所得产物（EWP）分别提高了94.06%、72.21%及120.00%。GHEWP中鉴定出10 823条分子量<3 ku的肽,通过bioware.ucd.ie进行活性阈值评分筛选出活性评分最高的11个肽进行合成,验证活性,其中ATSGFFVY、HCFVLY、HLASGWY、HRYSDF、HYANMY的综合抗氧化能力较好,量子化学计算结果表明：ATSGFFVY、HCFVLY、HRYSDF、HYANMY的活性位点可能分别位于Tyr-8、Tyr-6、Tyr-3、Tyr-2上;HLASGWY的活性位点可能位于Trp-6上。该研究表明碱性蛋白酶预酶解可提高地龙蛋白的消化程度,增强其胃肠消化产物的抗氧化活性。     

以ORAC法为评价指标优化制备大豆抗氧化肽

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,用ORAC(oxyen radical absorbance capacity)法对3种商业蛋白酶(Alcalase、Neutrase、Pepsin)的酶解产物进行抗氧化活性评估,以制备具有抗氧化能力的大豆肽。结果表明:在其适宜酶解条件下,Alcalase酶解产物的ORAC值最高,Neutrase次之,而Pepsin酶解产物的最低。Alcalase酶解产物ORAC最高值可达Trolox当量1900.48μmol Trolox equivalent/g Peptide,谷胱甘肽当量1711.91mg Glutathione equivalent/g Peptide,说明该条件下所制备的大豆肽具有非常好的抗氧化活性。同时,研究发现,利用ORAC法测定大豆肽的抗氧化活性结果与DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl)法测定的结果具有显著的相关性。     

毛蚶水解产物抗氧化活性分析

通过正交试验得到中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的最佳水解条件,根据该条件制得毛蚶蛋白酶水解产物,检测三种酶的DH值及分析各水解产物的氨基酚成分,通过水解产物对DPPH等自由基清除率和还原力的检测,分析其抗氧化活性。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶水解能力最强,其酶解产物中拥有最多的可溶性肽,且体现出较强的抗氧化活性,是毛蚶抗氧化活性肽生产的最佳选择。     

响应面法优化麦胚清蛋白制备抗氧化肽的酶解工艺

选择合适的蛋白质水解酶是制备高活性抗氧化肽的关键。以小麦胚芽清蛋白为原料,酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率以及ORAC值为指标,从4种蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶)中,筛选得出中性蛋白酶为最佳用酶。然后通过响应面法对中性蛋白酶酶解工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,中性蛋白酶酶解麦胚清蛋白的最佳酶解参数为:底物浓度2.4%、加酶量5 900 U/g、酶解p H 7.04、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间4 h。此酶解条件下,其1 mg/m L酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率为65.93%,100μg/m L酶解产物的ORAC值为1 291.32μmol Trolox当量/g多肽。     

大米蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性及功能性质研究

采用不同的蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、精制中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶)水解大米蛋白,以制备抗氧化活性肽.结果发现,精制中性蛋白酶水解大米蛋白得到的产物对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,而且水解度其清除能力影响显著.同时测定了酶解产物的还原能力、金属离子螯合能力以及在Fe2引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,结果表明,此酶解产物表现出一定的还原能力,能够抑制由Fe2 引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,具有一定的金属离子螯合能力.结果表明,这种肽具有一定的抗氧化活性,具有良好的功能特性.     

酶解方式对核桃蛋白肽及其抗氧化活性的影响

分别采用7种蛋白酶对核桃蛋白进行单酶水解,并与双酶复合酶解进行比较,考察不同酶解方式对酶解产物水解度、短肽得率和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶单酶酶解核桃蛋白,产物的水解度和短肽得率显著高于其它单酶处理,分别达到18.94%和76.37%,对DPPH自由基清除能力的IC50值仅为3.23mg/mL,抗氧化活性显著高于其它处理;将碱性蛋白酶分别与其它蛋白酶组合酶解,核桃蛋白酶解产物的水解度和短肽得率均有所提高,其中与木瓜蛋白酶组合处理的水解度可达28.36%,短肽得率可提高至85.62%。双酶酶解产物对提高清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的活性不显著,碱性蛋白酶分别与中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶的组合可以显著提高酶解产物清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性。     

富硒糙米抗氧化肽酶法制备工艺优化

以富硒糙米蛋白为原料,优化富硒糙米蛋白抗氧化肽酶法制备工艺。以酶解产物抗氧化能力指数(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)和水解度为评价指标,考察酶种类、酶解时间、pH值、底物浓度、加酶量及酶解温度对酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用三因素三水平响应面法确定富硒糙米抗氧化肽的制备工艺。结果表明:中性蛋白酶较适宜制备富硒糙米抗氧化肽,其最佳酶解工艺条件为:pH 8.0,底物浓度3%,酶解时间69 min,酶解温度55℃,加酶量12 000 U/g。在此条件下,富硒糙米蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化能力为(1 232.57±62.34)μmol TE/g,显著高于同等条件下非富硒糙米蛋白酶解物的抗氧化能力。     

条斑紫菜活性肽的抗氧化作用

以条斑紫菜为原料,使用木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶水解紫菜蛋白制备活性肽,采用还原能力、清除羟自由基和二苯代苦味酰基自由基作为抗氧化性评价指标,研究紫菜活性肽的体外抗氧化活性,并测定其分子质量分布。结果表明：3种蛋白酶对紫菜蛋白具有较好的酶解效果,酶解产物具有一定的还原能力;自由基清除率和底物浓度之间具有正相关关系,木瓜蛋白酶酶解活性肽清除羟自由基活性最强,半数清除率质量浓度为0.397mg/mL;胃蛋白酶酶解活性肽清除二苯代苦味酰基自由基活性最强,半数清除率质量浓度为0.261mg/mL;经测定,具有抗氧化活性的小分子肽分子质量分布在148～1963u之间。     

鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性

为了解鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性和抗氧化活性,采用2种商业蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)在各自最适反应条件下分别酶解鳄鱼皮,研究水解度(DH)、酶种类及pH值对酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性的影响.结果显示:随着酶解时间延长,鳄鱼皮水解度逐渐增加,鳄鱼皮在碱性蛋白酶酶解作用下水解度较高,水解4h时可达12％;木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物与碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的溶解性差异不显著(P＞0.05).相同水解度下,碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的热稳定性在pH4时优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物.酶解时间在1h之内,木瓜蛋白酶酶解物亚铁离子螯合力明显增强;随着时间延长,酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力变化不显著(P＞0.05).酶解3h后碱性蛋白酶酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力高于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物,但木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基能力.综上表明,碱性蛋白酶水解作用的鳄鱼皮水解度较高,其酶解产物乳化活性和热稳定性优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物;鳄鱼皮酶解产物抗氧化能力较强,有较高的开发利用价值.     

7种海参提取物酶法制备及其抗氧化活性研究

以7种常见的低值可食用海参为研究对象,采用3种蛋白酶:复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶,分别水解4,8,12 h,制备得到海参提取物。采用还原力、羟自由基清除能力、氧自由基吸收能力评价法对比研究其抗氧化活性。以海参提取物得率、蛋白回收率和抗氧化活性为分类指标,将不同海参提取物进行聚类分析,结果表明:土耳其参、大连大乌参、澳洲海参、叶瓜参和大北极海参提取物得率、蛋白回收率较高,花刺参和小北极海参提取物得率、蛋白回收率较低;叶瓜参提取物的抗氧化能力最强;采用复合蛋白酶酶解7种海参时,海参提取物得率、蛋白回收率和抗氧化活性最强;在最适酶和酶解时间作用条件下,7种海参的提取物得率41.24%～55.57%,蛋白回收率65.06%～98.4%,还原力值3.41～8.34μmol trolox当量/g干海参,OH值28.83～96.65μmol trolox当量/g干海参之间,ORAC值38.99～133.08μmol trolox当量/g干海参之间。本研究可为低值可食用海参的精深加工提供理论和方法的指导。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press