采后黄冠梨果实糖代谢及相关酶活性变化规律

以黄冠梨为试材,研究采后梨果实糖代谢及相关酶活性的变化规律。果实采后即贮于温度0℃、相对湿度85%～95% 的冷库中,分别测定贮藏过程(0～240d)中果实中葡萄糖、蔗糖、总可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)的含量以及酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性。结果表明：在采后贮藏期间,黄冠梨果实中葡萄糖含量与AI、NI 活性均呈先升后降的趋势,且AI 活性出现明显高峰,而蔗糖含量与SS、SPS 活性均逐渐降低。TA 和TSS 含量是果实风味的重要指标,随着贮藏期的延长,TA 含量逐渐下降,而TSS 含量呈升- 降- 升的趋势。果实中蔗糖代谢参与酶的净合成活性与果实中蔗糖的积累密切相关,在采后贮藏期间其活性逐渐降低。     

1-MCP联合乙烯吸附剂处理对黄桃果实冷害与糖代谢的影响

冷害是黄桃果实低温贮藏产生的一种生理性病害,本文选用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)与乙烯吸附剂(EA)联合处理黄桃,研究1-MCP-EA和1-MCP对其果实冷害(CI)与糖代谢的影响。将黄桃在4℃下贮藏28 d,与对照和1-MCP相比,1-MCP-EA处理能够更好地维持果实硬度和可溶性固形物(soluble solid content,SSC)含量,减轻冷害褐变。黄桃果实糖含量与蔗糖代谢相关酶活研究表明,1-MCP单独处理和1-MCP-EA联合处理均能减少蔗糖含量的下降以及果糖与葡萄糖含量的上升,抑制酸性转化酶(AI)与中性转化酶(NI)活性的升高。1-MCP-EA处理可有效抑制黄桃果实的蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性上升和蔗糖单磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性下降。结论:1-MCP-EA处理抑制黄桃冷害效果最好,营养品质保持程度最佳。     

冷藏和乙烯处理对采后苹果果实糖代谢及关键基因表达的调控

以富士和金冠苹果果实为试材,研究了冷藏和乙烯处理对其果实软化过程糖代谢及关键基因表达变化的影响。结果表明,随果实软化淀粉含量及淀粉酶(AM)活性的变化在品种间的差异显著,2 m L/L乙烯利和0.5μL/L 1-MCP处理分别显著促进和抑制了Md AM基因的表达,在富士上表现在贮藏后期,而对金冠的影响则表现在贮藏前期,0℃冷藏均显著抑制了两品种果实Md AM的基因表达,表明淀粉降解参与了苹果果实的软化进程,显著受到低温和乙烯的调节。可溶性糖中,蔗糖含量显著增加,并显著受乙烯和低温的影响,其中SPS在采后果实糖代谢中的作用强于SS和AI,SPS活性和Md SPS基因表达亦显著受到乙烯利的促进和1-MCP的抑制,且对金冠的影响强于富士,低温下果实糖含量及酶活性变化较小,Md SPS基因表达显著受到抑制,表明蔗糖积累和SPS与采后苹果糖代谢和果实软化的关系较为密切。     

不同贮藏温度条件下菜用大豆蔗糖代谢与相关酶活性变化

以‘新大粒1号’菜用大豆为试材,研究不同贮藏温度（1、5、10、20 ℃）条件下菜用大豆蔗糖代谢及相关酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,贮藏期间菜用大豆蔗糖、果糖及葡萄糖含量均呈整体下降趋势,1 ℃有效控制了蔗糖降解;酸性转化酶（AI）活性在第1天达到峰值后逐渐下降,不受贮藏温度影响;20 ℃条件下中性转化酶（NI）活性持续增加,至第4天达到最大值,其他温度组变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性略有降低后快速升高,至第4天达到峰值后逐渐下降;蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性呈整体下降趋势,与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与果糖含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,其他酶活性与糖含量之间均无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。这表明SPS可能与‘新大粒1号’菜用大豆中蔗糖降解密切相关。     

套袋对清见橘橙果实蔗糖代谢的影响

研究6 种果袋对清见橘橙果实可溶性糖含量及蔗糖代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明：不同果袋对清见橘橙果实可溶性糖含量的影响不同,单层果袋显著提高了果实的可溶性糖含量。果实成熟时,套白色单层无纺布袋的果实蔗糖含量最高,套黄色单层袋和白色单层袋的果实果糖含量均最高,套白色单层袋的果实葡萄糖含量最高。单层果袋提高了果实中性转化酶（NI）、蔗糖合酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）的活性,以无纺布袋最为明显,而双层果袋对NI、SS、SPS活性的影响在多数测定点差异不显著。酸性转化酶（AI）活性随着果实的成熟而降低,套袋对AI活性的影响不显著。综上可知,单层果袋通过提高NI、SS、SPS的活性来提高糖含量,因此清见橘橙宜选择具有一定透光率且色泽浅的单层果袋。     

采后涂膜蔗糖基聚合物对香蕉糖积累及相关酶活性的影响

用0.5%、1%、3%和5%四种浓度的蔗糖基聚合物对巴西香蕉进行采后涂膜处理,研究了其对香蕉蔗糖积累、中性转化酶(NI)、酸性转化酶(AI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的影响.实验结果表明:蔗糖基聚合物处理可延缓香蕉的转化酶和SS活性的下降趋势,推迟并提高了SPS的活性高峰,有利于蔗糖的积累和品质的改善,延长了香蕉的保藏时间.     

糖代谢对甜瓜果实后熟软化的影响

为研究糖代谢及其基因表达与甜瓜果实后熟软化的关系,将甜瓜果实分别在20、2℃下直接贮藏、1-MCP处理后在20℃下贮藏,测定果实后熟软化过程中硬度、呼吸速率、乙烯释放量、淀粉和可溶性糖含量及相关酶活性,并对其关键酶基因(AM、SPS、SS和AI)进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。结果显示,甜瓜果实采后淀粉快速降解,在此过程中,果实硬度也迅速下降,淀粉酶(amylase, AM)是果实软化初期的关键酶。在果实后熟软化过程中,蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量均有所下降,蔗糖代谢也参与了甜瓜果实后熟软化。此外,低温和1-MCP处理对甜瓜果实糖代谢、淀粉代谢过程中酶活性与相关基因表达均有抑制作用。     

保水剂吸附尿素对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实糖积累及蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响

以田间栽培晚熟酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,设置5个处理,测定保水剂吸附尿素对葡萄糖组分含量及相关代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,保水剂吸附尿素显著提高了果实成熟前期的总糖含量和果糖含量,而葡萄糖和蔗糖含量减少;但保水剂吸附尿素提高了成熟中期果实的葡萄糖含量,在果实成熟时各处理的糖组分没有显著性差异。相应地,对果实蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的测定表明,主导蔗糖分解方向的AI酶活性最高且果实成熟前期和中期均以保水剂吸附尿素的处理显著较高,而保水剂吸附尿素显著降低了蔗糖合成酶SS的活性且变化趋势与蔗糖含量相反。相关分析表明,各处理分解方向的AI、NI活性与葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量均呈显著的负相关,而合成方向的两种酶与糖组分含量之间无显著相关性。     

外源葡萄糖通过调控蔗糖代谢增强采后杏果实的抗冷性

为探究外源葡萄糖处理对杏果实采后抗冷性与糖代谢的影响，本实验以新疆‘赛买提’杏为原料，采用不同浓度葡萄糖进行减压渗透处理，晾干后，置于温度（0±1）℃的冷库中贮藏49 d，定期测定杏果实冷害发病率、冷害指数、品质及糖代谢相关指标。结果表明：200 mmol/L外源葡萄糖处理可有效抑制杏果实冷害发病率、冷害指数与细胞膜渗透率的上升与丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）的积累，较好地维持杏果实硬度、色泽、可溶性固形物质量分数（soluble solids content,SSC）、可滴定酸（titratable acidity,TA）质量分数与抗坏血酸（ascorbic acid,ASA）含量。同时，与对照组相比，200 mmol/L外源葡萄糖处理提高了杏果实酸性转化酶（acid invertase,AI）、中性转化酶（neutral invertase,NI）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS）和蔗糖合成酶（sucrose synthase,SS）活力，显著促进了贮藏过程中葡萄糖及果糖的积累，但在贮藏中后期（21～49 d）降低了蔗...     

硼处理对杨梅果实采后贮藏期间蔗糖代谢及花色苷合成的影响

以"乌种"杨梅果实为试材,研究了硼(四硼酸钾)处理对采后杨梅果实在1℃贮藏期间品质、蔗糖代谢及花色苷合成的影响。结果显示:10 g/L为杨梅果实最大有效硼处理浓度,采用10 g/L硼处理可有效降低杨梅果实贮藏期间腐烂率并维持果实品质;10 g/L硼处理可显著抑制果实贮藏期间AI、SPS以及SS2(蔗糖合酶合成方向)活性的上升并提高SS1(蔗糖合酶分解方向)活性;同时,经硼处理的杨梅果实中葡萄糖和蔗糖含量明显低于对照果实,而果糖、总花色苷和矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷含量却高于对照水平。由此推测,硼元素可通过直接调控杨梅果实采后贮藏期间蔗糖代谢酶活性来积累杨梅花色苷前体UDPG,从而为杨梅果实花色苷的合成提供底物,最终起到促进果实花色苷合成和改善贮藏品质的作用。     

Characterisation of genes encoding key enzymes involved in sugar metabolism of apple fruit in controlled atmosphere storage

Sugars are essential contributors to fruit flavour. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage has been proved to be beneficial for maintaining harvested fruit quality. To explore regulatory mechanism of sugar metabolism in fruit stored in CA condition, we cloned several genes, encoding key enzymes, involved in sugar metabolism in apple fruit, and analyzed sugar contents, along with gene expression and enzyme activities in fruits stored in air and CA. The results indicated that CA could maintain higher contents of sugars, including sucrose, fructose and glucose. Expression levels of key genes, such as sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), fructokinase (FK) and hexokinase (HK), were shown to be correlated with the corresponding enzyme activities. We found that activities of neutral invertase (NI), vacuolar invertase (VI), FK and HK were inhibited, but SPS activity was promoted in apple fruit stored in CA, suggesting that CA storage could enhance sucrose synthesis and delay hydrolysis of sucrose and hexose. These findings provided molecular evidence to explain why higher sugar levels in harvested fruit are maintained under CA storage.     

The Effects of Harvest Maturity on Storage Quality and Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes During Banana Ripening

Mature green “Baxi” banana (Musa spp. AAA Group, Cavendish) fruits were harvested at 60% and 80% maturity stages. In order to evaluate the effects of harvesting at different maturity stages on storage quality and changes in sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, fruit firmness, disease index, contents of starch, and total soluble sugars were determined, and enzyme activities associated with sucrose metabolism was investigated under natural and accelerated (treated with ethylene) ripening conditions. In fruit treated with ethylene, changes in flesh firmness, total sugar content, starch content, disease index, and activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase (AI), and neutral invertase (NI) were accelerated dramatically compared with untreated fruit with both 60% and 80% maturity. When fruit ripened under natural conditions, the changes in firmness, disease index, starch content, total sugar content, SPS activity, SS, AI, and NI activity in fruit with 80% maturity were significantly faster than those in fruit with 60% maturity. On the contrary, when fruit ripened under accelerated conditions, no significant differences in firmness, sugar, starch, disease index, SPS, SS, AI, and NI were observed between fruit harvested at 60% or 80% maturity. It is suggested that storage quality and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes of banana fruit stored under natural conditions are related to harvest maturity stage; storage quality of fruit with lower harvest maturity is better than fruit with higher maturity. However, when fruit ripening is accelerated by ethylene, the harvest maturity stage has no influence on storage quality and changes in sucrose-metabolizing enzymes.     

采后1-MCP和MAP处理对‘红富士’苹果冷藏和货架期品质的影响

对‘红富士’苹果进行1.0 μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）和自发气调包装（modified atmosphere package,MAP）处理,继而进行0 ℃冷藏和20 ℃货架贮藏。结果表明：贮藏期间,‘红富士’苹果果实硬度和可滴定酸含量下降,可溶性固形物含量升高,虎皮病和果心褐变增多。1-MCP处理能较好维持冷藏期间‘红富士’苹果果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,降低了包装内CO2和乙烯含量。同时,1-MCP明显降低了冷藏期间虎皮病发病指数、果心褐变指数以及果柄端果肉褐变率,显著抑制果皮α-法尼烯及共轭三烯的生成。1-MCP＋MAP结合使用可较好维持果实可滴定酸含量和果皮色泽、抑制果柄端果肉褐变。综合分析认为,1-MCP＋MAP处理能较好维持‘红富士’果实冷藏和货架期间的品质,并显著抑制果实虎皮病的发生。     

贮藏温度对采后龙眼果实糖代谢及其相关酶活性的影响

研究采后不同贮藏温度(25、15、4℃)对'石硖'龙眼果实糖组分及相关酶活性的影响.测定龙眼果肉可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、3种主要糖含量和糖代谢相关酶活性的变化,对不同贮藏温度各个时期样品进行主成分分析和载荷因子分析,并对各指标进行相关性分析.结果表明:25℃贮藏的龙眼SSC下降最快,贮藏8 d即从23.5％降至22...     

Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on contents of soluble sugars and related enzyme activities in 'Feicheng' peach fruit

BACKGROUND: Sugar content is one of the main characteristics related to the quality of fruit. Research confirms that nitric oxide (NO) involves a physiological process and prolongs the storage life of fruit. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of NO on sugar metabolism in fruit during storage. In this study, the effect of different concentrations (0, 10, 30 µmol L^?1) of exogenous NO treatment on sugar content and related enzyme activities in ‘Feicheng’ peach fruit was investigated during storage (0–12 days after harvest) at room temperature (25 °C). RESULTS: Results showed that the decrease of firmness and accumulation of sugar and acid:sugar ratio in peach fruit during storage were significantly inhibited by treatment with 10 µmol L^?1 NO. Treatment with 10 µmol L^?1 NO could promote fructose and glucose metabolism during the first 4 days of storage, and increase the content of sucrose and the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, sorbitol oxidase and sucrose phosphate synthase in peach fruit during storage. However, acid invertase activity from 8 to 12 days of storage and neutral invertase activity during the first 4 days of storage were inhibited by treatment with 10 µmol L^?1 NO. At the same time, treatment with 10 µmol L^?1 NO inhibited sucrose synthase (SS) activity in decomposition during storage and SS activity in synthesis from 8 to 12 days of storage. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 10 µmol L^?1 NO had a significant impact on content of soluble sugars and related enzyme activities in ‘Feicheng’ peach fruit during storage (0–12 days) at room temperature (25 °C). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry