基于GMA的列车主动悬挂系统垂向振动分析

针对列车被动悬挂系统对列车减振效果不明显的问题，提出一种超磁致伸缩作动器(Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator, GMA)用于主动悬挂系统中的方法。基于列车主动振动特性和超磁致伸缩作动器的磁致伸缩工作机理，搭建GMA为作动器的主动悬挂系统模型，通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件得到车体垂向振动响应。仿真结果表明，基于超磁致伸缩作动器的列车主动悬挂系统，与被动悬挂系统相比，抑制了列车垂向振动，列车垂向平稳性指标优化了12.62%,提高了列车运行品质。     

微位移驱动器的控制模型及仿真技术研究

介绍了超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)的结构、工作原理、特性方程以及超磁致伸缩效应模型,从有助于理解压磁效应的角度,建立了GMA的静态位移—力模型和磁—机耦合模型,并对后者进行了仿真研究,仿真结果显示:机械部分响应时间比较缓慢,减小阻尼会带来一些不利影响,如超调量增大,波动增大,要改善系统的动态性能,需要在控制系统部分增加合理的调节器。     

超磁致伸缩力传感器的模型研究

磁致伸缩逆效应是稀土超磁致伸缩材料的一个重要应用特性,应用磁致伸缩逆效应可以制作超磁致伸缩力传感器,基于能量变分原理,建立了超磁致伸缩力传感器的有限元模型。应用该模型计算了超磁致伸缩力传感器空气隙中的磁感应强度和磁致伸缩棒上施加力的关系,并与实验值进行了比较。计算结果与实验结果符合较好,表明建立的超磁致伸缩力传感器的有限元模型是有效的。     

偏置磁场对超磁致伸缩致动器输出特性的影响分析

采用Terfenol-D棒作为超磁致伸缩致动器GMA(Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator)的主要材料,研制了有偏置磁场和无偏置磁场两种超磁致伸缩致动器,分析了具有分段式永磁偏置和无偏置致动器的结构及性能.基于安培定律、磁路基尔霍夫定律、叠加原理对致动器的磁场进行理论分析.为进一步分析磁场分布,创建三维模型,利用有限元仿真软件对GMA内部磁场进行分析和比较,仿真结果表明:分段式永磁偏置结构致动器能够达到理想的偏置要求,无磁场偏置的致动器在电流作用下磁场分布更均匀.实验结果表明:超磁致伸缩致动器输出位移和力的大小分别与Terfenol-D棒长度、直径呈正相关,施加偏置磁场能够改善超磁致伸缩致动器的动静态输出特性,提高致动器静态输出位移和力的线性度,消除动态输出位移与输出力的倍频现象,提高其输出精度.     

基于流-热耦合模型的GMM智能构件温升控制系统设计

热效应对超磁致伸缩执行器中超磁致伸缩材料性能产生非常大的影响,从而影响超磁致伸缩执行器的定位精度;提出一种简化的强制水冷策略保证磁致伸缩材料温度恒定;同时建立了超磁致伸缩材料智能构件流-热多场耦合的有限元模型,运用COMSOLMultiphysics 3.4软件对模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了模型的正确,进一步的实验结果证实了提出的温度控制策略的有效性。     

Terfenol-D高频磁滞特性测试与分析

目前对超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D的研究,主要集中于静态或准静态条件下的磁滞特性的测试和分析.为了更好的探究材料的高频磁滞特性,将Terfenol-D制成方形环状薄片样品,在不同驱动磁场频率和磁密幅值的条件下,测量其动态磁滞回线,分析磁损耗的数值和变化趋势,探究剩磁和矫顽力等磁特性参数随频率和磁密幅值的变化规律.测试结果表明:当驱动磁场频率或磁密幅值增加时,动态磁滞回线横向变宽、面积增大,剩磁、矫顽力和损耗也都随之增大.此项研究为超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D高频磁滞特性和电磁损耗的理论分析提供了实验数据基础.     

一种新的磁滞非线性前馈补偿算法

针对超磁致伸缩致动器磁滞非线性特征, 建立了描述其非线性行为的Preisach数学模型, 以F函数法求解了该模型的数值模型. 针对当前致动器非线性前馈补偿控制中迭代和执行效率低的缺点, 将磁滞非线性理解为系统干扰, 提出了一种新的非线性前馈补偿算法, 在求解Preisach逆模型过程中,引入稳态误差信号作为参考变量, 以Sigmoid函数变步长算法进行迭代步长自适应动态调整. 计算机仿真和实验研究均表明,与当前的磁滞模型求逆算法相比, 所提出的算法在保证控制精度的同时可以显著提高系统收敛速度, 大大提高了程序的执行效率.     

长线磁致伸缩位移传感器的磁极化强度模型

长线磁致伸缩位移传感器是一种利用磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩效应及其逆效应实现位移测量的传感器.运用电磁学和铁磁学相关理论,构建了磁极化强度模型,讨论了该种传感器中扭转式弹性波的产生机理.通过建立有限元模型,使用ANSYS仿真平台进行了激励磁场的仿真模拟.理论模型对仿真结果数据的进一步计算获得了磁致伸缩线体内应力的分布特性.计算结果与实验数据的比较,证明了磁极化强度模型相关理论的合理性.为构建有效的弹性波信号,提高该种传感器检测精度提供了理论依据和实验数据.     

超磁致伸缩执行器的P-模糊PID控制

在微加工领域应用超致伸缩材料的研究中,为提高超磁致伸缩执行器控制系统的定位精度,根据压磁方程和超磁滞伸缩执行器的动力学特性建立了执行器的数学模型,为加快系统响应速度,提出了将模糊理论及PID理论相结合的控制方案,利用MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱设计了P-模糊PID控制器.在simulink图形仿真环境下,利用P-模糊PID控制方法和常规PID控制方法进行控制实验.经仿真比较和分析,采用P-模糊PID控制方法优于常规PID控制方法,并且P-模糊PID控制下的系统响应迅速,无超调,调节精度高,可为设计提供参考.     

激励电流对超磁致伸缩换能器动态特性的影响

本文研究了不同激励电流脉冲宽度对超磁致伸缩换能器输出位移动态特性的影响。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了超磁致伸缩换能器的二维轴对称有限元模型。通过压磁-压电比拟法,对不同激励电流脉冲宽度下不同发射头质量的超磁致伸缩换能器输出位移动态特性进行了模拟研究。结果表明:激励电流脉冲宽度大小不仅直接决定超磁致伸缩换能器瞬态输出位移的大小,而且决定超磁致伸缩换能器的最佳工作状态。此研究结果为超磁致伸缩换能器的优化与应用奠定了基础。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.