基于有限差分法的轨道电路时域分析

针对道床环境较恶劣时,在空间域难以区分轨道电路工作状态的问题,提出基于有限差分法的轨道电路时域解求解方法。利用偏微分方程数值解理论对轨道电路偏微分方程组进行离散,建立轨道电路的差分格式,并根据电压、电流在始端、终端的边界条件对调整态受电端时域电压响应进行分析,得到轨道电路的时域解。在不同初始电气参数下,通过算例仿真分析调整态受电端电压的变化情况,结果表明,所得时域解符合轨道电路的传输特性,可为轨道电路暂态分析提供理论依据。     

基于CEEMD特征提取的无绝缘轨道电路补偿电容故障诊断

利用电路网络理论和传输线理论构建ZPW-2000A轨道电路传输模型,仿真并分析了补偿电容故障对轨面电压的影响,提出基于互补的总体经验模式分解(CEEMD)特征提取的补偿电容故障诊断方法;实验结果表明,相比于传统经验模式分解(EMD)和总体经验模式分解(EEMD),基于CEEMD特征提取的补偿电容故障诊断方法可以有效地克服EMD方法引起的模态混叠和能量泄露现象,减少EEMD方法在信号重构过程中的白噪声残留,为补偿电容的故障诊断提供了一种快速准确的方法,为保证信号传输质量提供了参考依据。     

基于同伦分析法的轨道电路暂态仿真分析北大核心CSCD

为了进行轨道电路暂态分析,采用同伦分析法对轨道电路传输线方程求解。将Caputo分数阶导数作为线性算子,建立轨道电路传输线方程的高阶形变方程,求解得轨道电路传输线方程三阶近似解。根据不同的道床电阻确定其收敛区域,对轨道电路电压波暂态响应进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,将分数阶导数作为线性算子的同伦分析法可以准确分析轨道电路传输线电压波传输特征和过程,为轨道电路暂态分析提供了一种新的方法。     

基于故障树的高速铁路模拟控制系统关键技术研究

针对传统轨道电路室外设备故障诊断准确率低导致高速铁路运行安全性下降的问题，提出一种基于故障树的高速铁路模拟控制系统关键技术，以实现轨道电路故障准确诊断。首先，以ZPW-2000A型无绝缘轨道电路为研究对象，通过FFT傅里叶变换方法对轨道电路进行频谱分析；然后采用基于故障树的模糊控制理论对故障类型进行判断和定位，以给出相应的故障处理策略。实验结果表明，采用本方法对2300-1型、2300-2型、1700-2型三种类型的送受端轨面电压进行频谱分析后，可准确地检测出2300-1型轨道出现异常，且通过频谱分析方法检测出此区段混入邻区段的1700 Hz频率，因此，可判断出该区段出现故障，且通过故障诊断算法可计算出此区段的送受端电压分别为679.875 mV和828.166 mV。由此证明，提出的方法可实现轨道电路故障准确诊断，轨道安全性显著提升。     

基于四端网模型的轨道电路系统预警阈值研究

本文为切实降低隐患发生概率,保障列车运行安全、提高运营效率,针对现在高速铁路普遍使用的ZPW-2000A/K型轨道电路,对其关键隐患进行安全预警的研究,确立了预警指标体系,并结合其设计原理,构建了基于四端网模型的预警指标阈值计算模型,并结合现场实际使用中的一段轨道电路的相关参数,计算了关键指标的预警阈值。     

矿用变频器LRC滤波器寄生参数影响研究

LRC滤波器寄生参数易引起串并联自谐振,影响滤波器对矿用变频器长线传输系统中电动机端尖峰电压和电压变化率的抑制性能,甚至造成器件烧损,但目前缺少该方面的研究成果。建立了变频器长线传输系统数学模型,在分析LRC滤波器元件寄生效应的基础上,采用频域分析方法研究了寄生参数对LRC滤波器滤波性能的影响,得出结论:LRC滤波器中电阻寄生电感对滤波效果的影响最为突出,导致LRC滤波器滤波性能下降、变频器长线传输系统在阶跃响应过程中超调和震荡问题严重,其他寄生参数的影响微弱。对LRC滤波器电阻寄生电感对滤波性能及变频器长线传输系统动态特性的影响进行了仿真和实验研究,结果表明:LRC滤波器采用铝壳功率电阻时,电动机端电压波形出现失真,上升及下降过程中存在明显的震荡;采用厚膜功率无感电阻可消除因电阻寄生电感引起的系统超调、震荡现象,使LRC滤波器达到较理想的滤波效果。     

高铁ZPW2000型轨道电路传输特性及抗干扰性分析

为了更好地研究轨道电路,介绍了高铁ZPW2000型无绝缘轨道电路,对该轨道电路的传输网进行了分析与建模,通过对ZPW2000型轨道电路传输系统的建模与仿真,验证了仿真结果与现场设备测试结果的吻合性,仿真结果表明,该轨道电路传输系统模型是正确的和有效的。对轨道电路的抗干扰性进行了分析,由分析结果可知,与国产移频轨道电路相比,ZPW2000型轨道电路采用较高的载频,在电气化区段的抗干扰能力比国产移频高。     

c基于嵌入式与LabVIEW技术的钢轨引接线测试系统

本文针对ZPW-2000A无绝缘移频闭塞区间轨道电路技术钢包铜引接线的测量以及检验设计了测试仪器,该仪器基于嵌入式与LabVIEW技术,借助交流电桥的电路测量电阻和电感值,利用射频技术实现测试,采用LabVIEW技术与嵌入式系统进行数据通信.实验结果表明该测试系统性能完善、工作良好.     

轨道电路移频信号参数检测算法研究

轨道电路移频信号是用来控制列车的行驶状态,对其参数的检测需要达到较高的频率分辨率,根据采样定理知识可知,检测需要较长的采样时间,而这不能满足测试仪表的实时性要求.为了解决在较短的采样时间内达到较高的频率分辨率问题,分析了国产18信息和ZPW-2000型两种制式移频轨道电路的移频信号的频谱特点,提出了采用CZT线性调频Z变换和时域测量相结合的方法检测移频信号的参数.在MATLAB环境下编写CZT算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明,能有效提高频率分辨率,满足技术指标要求的同时缩短了采样时间.在移频信号参数测试仪的设计中有着很大的实际应用前景.     

一种适用于同步整流开关电源的过零检测电路

提出了一种适用于同步整流模式开关电源的过零检测电路。该电路通过将同步整流管的漏端电压信号转化成电流信号,并将该电流与偏置电流进行比较,从而确定同步整流管续流过程中电流是否为零。由于使用与整流管同类型的晶体管做线性化电阻进行电压到电流的转化,从而消除了传统过零检测电路中整流管电阻随温度和工艺变化对过零检测精度的影响。基于0.6μm CD工艺,对所设计电路进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该电路在给定的工艺和温度波动范围内都能够实现高精度的过零检测,具有较强的鲁棒性,并且该电路功耗仅为6μA。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.