分离应变和温度的差动式光纤Bragg光栅传感器

作为传感元件，被光纤Bragg光栅测量的物理量的信息是一种波长编码的绝对测量，然而，其本质的限制是对多变量的交叉敏感。实验表明：温度波动严重干扰了应变式光纤Bragg光栅传感器的测量，拉、压应变的标准误差为0.21mn和0．20mn．根据粘贴于悬臂梁上、下表面的光纤光栅的Bragg波长响应温度和应变的差异，分离了应变和温度的耦合信号，拉、压应变的标准误差降低到了0．005mn和0．20nm．根据粘贴于悬臂梁上、下表面的光纤光栅的Bragg波长响应温度和应变的差异，分离了应变和温度的耦合信号，拉、压应变的标准误差降低到了0．05mn和0．07mn．值得注意地是：在该机械补偿方案中，温度检测不是必需的。     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

一种差动式光纤Bragg光栅渗压、温度双参量传感器

设计了一种差动式双光纤Bragg光栅渗压、温度双参量传感器.在渗压作用下,波纹管产生一个轴向位移,并传递给等强度悬臂梁的自由端,使等强度悬臂梁产生一个挠度变化,带动粘贴在悬臂梁上下表面的光纤Bragg光栅的中心波长发生移位.通过检测两只光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的差值来获得渗压;通过检测两只光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的平均值来获得环境温度.传感器测试表明,传感器对渗压的灵敏度为1.982 nm/MPa,线性度约为0.97％,重复性为1.5％;传感器对温度的灵敏度为0.009 5 nm/℃,线性度约为3.4％.该传感器利用差动结构并结合适当的数据处理实现了对渗压与温度的双参量检测.     

桥式起重机模型挠度的光纤Bragg光栅试验研究

研制了1种利用光纤Bragg光栅对桥式起重机主梁挠度的实时在线监测模型。光纤Bragg光栅均匀粘贴于桥式起重机主梁,通过输入输出光纤与信号处理装置光连接。小车在主梁上吊挂后使主梁产生挠度,主梁作用粘贴其下表面的光纤Bragg光栅产生应变,即传感光栅的Bragg波长产生移位。利用解调仪得到的光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的移位值,反复计算挠度值,实现波长与挠度的对应关系。     

利用光纤双折射效应实现应变和温度同时测量

提出了用相位掩模技术在双折射光纤上刻制光纤Bragg光栅的方法.由于光纤Bragg光栅的双折射效应,当有温度和应变的影响时,可观察到分别对应于快轴和慢轴的光纤光栅反射波中心波长的分离,可得到的最大差值为0.66nm.中心波长的差值随着温度和应变的变化而变化.这种光纤Bragg光栅可实现温度和应变的同时测量.     

光纤Bragg光栅靶式流量传感器设计

基于工业流体流量测量技术、光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感检测技术与靶式流量计原理,针对单个光纤Bragg光栅传感系统对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计并且制作了一种基于双光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器。该传感器采用靶盘结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的受力元件,对温度起到了补偿作用,并且有效地提高了应变测量灵敏度。实验表明,该流量传感器的线性误差为0.31%。     

便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪的研制

近年来光纤光栅在传感领域中的应用研究日益得到关注，其中光纤光栅波长解调是光纤光栅传感器得到应用推广的关键之一。针对大型建筑结构监测应用领域，研制了一种便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪。解调仪基于无源比例解调原理，以熔融拉锥器件作为线性滤波器，采用锁相放大技术提取微弱信号，并利用单片机控制光纤Bragg光栅波长信息的采集、显示以及存储。解调仪结构简单、成本低，可实现大量程波长测量。实验表明，该光纤光栅解调仪解调范围达15nm，波长测量精度为12．4pm。     

基于Bragg光栅交叉法在温度补偿中的研究

设计了一种双光纤Bragg光栅交叉粘贴方案来解决光纤Bragg光栅对温度、应变交叉敏感的问题,利用该方案对光纤Bragg光栅应变测量时进行温度补偿.对方案的补偿原理进行了分析,可知当两光栅粘贴的夹角不同时,应变的灵敏度也不同,通过数值计算得出:两夹角为90°时,应变灵敏度达到最高.然后,对该方案进行了可行性实验验证,最终得出结论:设计的方案可以有效地对光纤Bragg光栅在应变测量时进行温度补偿,降低了温度的变化对光纤Bragg光栅反射波长漂移量的严重影响,证明了方案的可行性.     

基于FBG的明渠流量计的研究与应用

研制了一种新型的菱形结构光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器.采用有限元方法分析了该结构的力学性能.将该传感器与巴歇尔槽联合使用,用于液体流量的实时在线监测,实验研究了这种封装形式的应变特性.采用光纤布拉格光栅网络分析仪,测量了菱形应变化传感器的波长和应变变化量,测得其应变系数为630.45 mm/nm,且线性度达到0.999 8.     

光纤Bragg光栅的研究

分析了光纤Bragg光栅的特性,讨论了其结构参数。通过紫外光写入的方式,在普通单模光纤上制备了光纤Bragg光栅。典型的光纤Bragg光栅在1.56μm波段的反射率达99%,带宽0.6nm.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.