Unusual three-dimensional bite mark evidence in a homicide case

A comparison has been made between bite marks observed on the nose of a female homicide victim and the configuration of the dental structures of a male suspect. The victim's bite marks showed a number of demonstrable characteristics which could be reproduced by models of the dentition of the suspect. Special peculiarities within and between individual teeth, together with the upper and lower jaw relationship, were demonstrably consistent with the bite mark patterns on the victim's nose. Detailed examination of the scientific evidence led the dental investigators to the conclusion that there was a positive match between the suspect's dentition and the bite mark on the decedent's nose. The dental investigation and subsequent dental testimony were prime factors leading to the defendant's conviction of manslaughter in the first case in California involving the major use of bite mark evidence.     

TIBOLA--a new tick-borne infection]

Twenty-seven cases of a tick-transmitted infection with similar symptoms were seen by the author in the last 14 months. These symptoms do not fit into the known tick-borne infections. The bite caused by a "strikingly big" engorged tick was almost uniformly located on the occipital scalp region. The infection occurred most commonly in young children: the larger half of the patients were less than 10 years of age. The main symptom, presented in all patients, was the enlargement of painful lymph nodes in the region of the tick bite, causing us to name the infection Tick-BOrne LymphAdenopathy ("TIBOLA"). The other major feature, presented more than a half of the cases, was a herpes-like eschar 0.5-3 cm in diameter at the site of the tick bite. The eruption could be surrounded by a circular erythema (6 cases). After healing of the eruption, alopecia remained at the site. The time from the bite to the first symptom varied between 1-30 (mean 8) days. Doxycyclin seemed to shorten the disease. The infection seemed benign since only 4 patients had high fever, while 3 patients had a low grade fever (37-38 degrees C). General symptoms lasted for 3-12 months. Contrary to Lyme borreliosis, which is highly distributed all over in Hungary, the new tick-transmitted infection seems geographically more restricted, with almost all of the patient reporting that the tick bite occurred in a 120 km wide and 200 km long region along the banks of the Danube. Most probably, the disease is caused by a rickettsia infection which is still needed to be proven.     

An introduction to forensic dentistry

Dental science has much to offer law enforcement agencies in the detection and solution of crime. The permanent teeth develop throughout the first two decades of life, and physiologic variations, pathoses, and the effects of dental therapy may be recorded in the hard tissues of the remaining dentition throughout life and beyond. It is the role of the forensic dentist to extract this information and use it in the identification of the unknown body. The teeth may also be used as weapons and, under certain circumstances, may leave information as to the identity of the biter. Analysis of bite marks is the second major responsibility of the forensic dentist. The general practitioner has a major role to play in providing the accurate dental records on which much of forensic activity is based.     

On the Theory of Isothermal Hot Rolling of an Aluminum Alloy Strip

The two-dimensional problem of isothermal (including superplasticity conditions) rolling of an aluminum sheet (at a low angle of bite) is analytically solved, and the influence of high homologous temperature on the pressure on rolls is estimated. The energy–force and kinematic parameters of rolling are found using a dynamic model, which adequately describes the experimental data obtained for commercial aluminum alloys. Calculation results are presented for AMg5 and D18T alloys.     

The University of Florida frameless high-precision stereotactic radiotherapy system

PURPOSE: To develop and test a system for high precision fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy that separates immobilization and localization devices. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patient localization is achieved through detection and digital registration of an independent bite plate system. The bite plate is made and linked to a set of six infrared light emitting diodes (IRLEDs). These IRLEDs are detected by an infrared camera system that identifies the position of each IRLED within 0.1 to 0.15 mm. Calibration of the camera system defines isocenter and translational X, Y, and Z axes of the stereotactic radiosurgery subsystem and thereby digitally defines the virtual treatment room space in a computer linked to the camera system. Positions of the bite plate's IRLEDs are processed digitally using a computer algorithm so that positional differences between an actual bite plate position and a desired position can be resolved within 0.1 mm of translation (X, Y, and Z distance) and 0.1 degree of rotation. Furthermore, bite plate misalignment can be displayed digitally in real time with translational (x, y, and z) and rotational (roll, pitch, and yaw) parameters for an actual bite plate position. Immobilization is achieved by a custom head mold and thermal plastic mask linked by hook-and-loop fastener tape. The head holder system permits rotational and translational movements for daily treatment positioning based on the bite plate localization system. Initial testing of the localization system was performed on 20 patients treated with radiosurgery. The system was used to treat 11 patients with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. RESULTS: Assessment of bite plate localization in radiosurgery patients revealed that the patient's bite plate could be positioned and repositioned within 0.5 +/- 0.3 mm (standard deviation). After adjustments, the first 11 patients were treated with the bite plate repositioning error reduced to 0.2 +/- 0.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS: High precision stereotactic radiotherapy can be delivered using separate localization and immobilization systems. Treatment setup and delivery can be accomplished in 15 min or less. Advantages compared with standard systems require further study.     

Renal failure after snake bite

Three cases of acute renal failure after snake bite are presented. All required dialysis and the recovery phase was prolonged in each case. Investigations show that microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia was associated with the acute renal failure.     

带钢表面振动纹的产生及其抑制

从振动纹的物理特征分析入手,阐述了振动纹与轧机振动之间的关系,通过对轧辊与磨床的振动测试和模态分析研究了轧辊辊系、工作辊轴承、主传动接轴和轧辊磨床对振动纹的影响.结果表明,振动纹是由板面振波由于对光的不同反射角度而引起的一种视觉现象;带钢振纹的产生有2种途径,一是轧机(平整机)发生了一定频率的振动,另一个是轧辊表面本身已有了振纹;可通过轧辊直径匹配法、定期监测滚动轴承倍频峰值、对磨床加装阻尼减振器、改变轧制速度和磨削速度、加强设备日常维护等措施对振动纹进行抑制.     

Effects of food texture and sample thickness on mandibular movement and hardness assessment during biting in man

This study was designed to investigate the relationship among jaw movements, physical characteristics of food, and sensory perception of hardness in man. Vertical movements of the mandible were recorded with an infrared tracking device in humans during biting on two test foods, carrot and cheese. Samples of standard length (2 cm) and width (2 cm) were prepared in three different thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm). Nine subjects were asked to perform two types of bite with their incisor teeth. In the first, they cut through the food, then stopped and spat out the pieces (bite alone); in the second, biting was followed by mastication and swallowing (bite+chew). The 12 conditions (thickness x3, food x2, and bite x2) were presented in a random order within each block, and blocks were repeated five times (60 trials per subject). Subjects also estimated the hardness of the samples twice for each condition on visual analogue scales (VAS) 100 mm long. The duration, vertical amplitude, and maximum vertical velocity of the mandible during biting were calculated by computer for the three phases of the movements (opening, and fast and slow closing). Multilevel statistical models were used for data analysis. The estimated hardness scores associated with the first bite of thin carrot (59.0 VAS units) was significantly greater than for cheese (16.8 VAS units). The type of bite had no significant effect on these scores, but the estimate of hardness was significantly greater for the thickest sample (+13.3 VAS units). Food type had its strongest effect on the slow-closing phase. In particular, the peak velocity that followed the fracturing of the food sample was much greater for carrot than for cheese (thin, 34.1 mm.s-1 vs. 26.6 mm.s-1), and the difference between foods increased with thickness. The amplitude of opening was significantly greater for the thickest sample than for the other two. There were no significant relationships between VAS scores and the movement parameters. These results suggest that, when humans bite food: (1) changing the thickness of food has a greater effect on movement parameters than changing from soft to hard food, (2) the parameters of biting change little if biting is followed by mastication, (3) hardness perception is dependent on the thickness of food, (4) hardness perception is not different when food is removed from the mouth than when it is chewed and swallowed, and (5) there is no relationship between any of the parameters of movement that change with food type and the perceived hardness of food.     

Rhabdomyolysis in European viper bite

The case of a child who presented with severe rhabdomyolysis associated with renal failure after a viper bite is reported. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious complication resulting from systemic envenomation and is uncommon after viper bites in Europe. It may be due to oedema, myotoxic agents and haemorrhagic factors and may be responsible for two types of potentially fatal complications, i.e. acute renal failure and hyperkalaemia. The present case highlights the need to investigate routinely for rhabdomyolysis after viper bites. Antivenom therapy is recommended as soon as signs of envenomation are present, without waiting for the onset of complications.     

Normal communication changes in older adults

A case of arterial hypertension following an adder bite (Vipera Berus) in a six year-old boy is presented. Initially he had gross local symptoms and mild systemic symptoms, but was not treated with viper venom antiserum. Ten days after the initial admittance he developed symptoms of high blood pressure. Microscopic haematuria was found, and renal function was mildly impaired. It was concluded that the adder bite had caused the temporary rise in arterial blood pressure and renal dysfunction. Treatment with viper venom antiserum is recommended if local symptoms progress to involve the trunk or if systemic symptoms evolve.     

轧制过程工艺润滑技术的发展和应用

轧制工艺润滑技术的应用不但可降低轧制过程力能消耗与金属损失,而且可节约用水和减少酸液消耗。叙述了工艺润滑对热轧时咬人和冷轧板表面质量的影响。列举了我国轧制工艺润滑技术在热轧和冷轧板带生产线的应用和效果、板带典型热轧工艺润滑剂的主要成分和性能以及板带冷轧润滑剂的分类和用途。     

圆盘飞剪主要参数的设计及其计算方法初探

详细介绍了圆盘式飞剪各主要参数的确定、包括交角、咬入条件、剪刃重叠量，摩擦系数、轧制速度等。结合实践，纠正了１９８３年版本《线材生产》一书中的部分错误内容。     

The role of forensic dentistry in South Africa

Forensic dentistry has become an integral part of forensic medicine over the past 100 years. This has been due to the dedication of people like Amoedo, Gustafson, Sognaes, Keiser-Nielsen and Suzuki, to name but a few. They established the essential role which forensic dentistry plays mainly in the identification of human remains. Dental hard tissues are extremely resistant to fire and are usually the only remains after an extended period of burial. If antemortem dental records are available for an individual then dental identification is as certain as those of fingerprints. In South Africa forensic dentistry had its beginning in 1969 during the Windhoek air disaster. Since then there have been several cases of interest throughout the country, one of which was the crash of the Helderberg off the coast of Mauritius. Other aspects of forensic dentistry are the examination of bite marks and the recognition of facial trauma especially in cases of child abuse; the determination of age, sex and race of skeletal remains; dental ethics and jurisprudence as well as malpractice also form part of the duties of the forensic dentist. The five dental schools in South Africa each have a forensic team which is consulted on a regular basis by forensic pathologists and district surgeons. Forensic dentists are active members of the medicolegal team and should be consulted on a regular basis especially in cases where identification is concerned.     

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia after dog bite

A case of erysipeloid with bacteraemia caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER) in a previously healthy 41-year old man is presented. The bacterium was probably introduced by the bite of a dog. He was treated successfully with penicillin V. The ER bacteraemia occurred without complications of endocarditis.     

Clinical and histopathologic correlation of midge bites

Many species of files viciously bite humans and animals. I had the opportunity to observe such bites by the gnat Leptoconops torrens during a recent epidemic that occurred in an inland desert area of California. The bite may produce an urticarial wheal, but, more characteristically, it induces formation of a hard, indolent, pruritic papule. In biopsy specimens taken within three days after the bite, the superficial infiltrate was composed or lymphocytes and histiocytes, while eosinophils were the preponderant cell found in the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat. These clinical and histopathologic findings are similar to those reported for the bite of the blackfly, Simulium.     

机械实现的非正弦振动装置在方坯铸机上的应用

通过测试结晶器的振动位移曲线，分析了非正弦振动的波形失真率，该结构验证了振动装置设计的有效性，实验结果表明采用非正弦振动后，能够减少铸坯表面纵裂的发生率，降低铸坯表面的振痕深度，改善铸坯的表面质量。     

An analytical model for the prediction of the transfer bar temperature in a roughing mill

Abstract

An online model is presented for the prediction of temperature distributions in the bar in the roughing mill of a hot strip mill. The model consists of an analytic model for the prediction of temperature distributions in the interstand zone, and a semianalytic model for the prediction of temperature distributions in the bite zone. The prediction accuracy of the model is examined through comparison with predictions from a finite element model.     

Are there preexisting behavioral characteristics that predict the dominant status of male NIH Swiss mice (Mus musculus)?

The behavior of isolated Cr:NIH(S) mice was studied in a holeboard test of exploration, in a plus-maze test of anxiety, in the resident–intruder paradigm of aggression, and in the swim test. Thereafter, mice that were matched for body weight were housed together in groups of 4–5. Within a wk, 1 mouse per cage (the alpha) had attacked all its subordinate cagemates but lacked any signs of attack itself. Subordinate mice had bite marks on their tails and backs. When mice were isolated, no differences were found between the behavior of those that later became alphas and those that became subordinates. In contrast, after the establishment of the social hierarchy, alpha mice spent less time immobile in the swim test and had higher locomotor activities than did the subordinate mice. The results suggest that the differences in behavior between the alpha and subordinate mice result from aggressive social interactions in the home cage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rat bite fever after a bite from a tame pet rat]

A 43-year-old woman presented with a generalized febrile illness, an exanthema with mixed maculopapulous and pustulous eruptions on the lower halves of the extremities, elbows, knees, palms and soles. There was also severe arthralgia and asymmetric arthritis. The diagnosis was rat bite fever. The disease became manifest eight days after she was bitten by a pet rat. Rat bite fever can easily be missed, even after adequate anamnesis and physical examination, while the differential diagnostic considerations are numerous. Our patient was cured completely after intravenous administration of penicillin G. Antimicrobial therapy was completed by an oral course of doxycycline.     

The Inventory of Functional Status-Dialysis: development and testing

Pet and wildlife populations are a potential source of various public health problems, and injuries and complications due to animal bites and scratches are the most obvious. As no population based data on the frequency of animal bites were available at a national level in Switzerland, a study was conducted by the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of medical consultations due to bite and scratch injuries in humans caused by vertebrate animals, to identify possible risk factors, and to assess bite management habits in primary health care. An annual bite and scratch incidence rate of 325 per 100,000 population was estimated. Consultations peaked during the summer months and geographical differences in the reported incidence were observed. Dogs accounted for more than 60% and cats for about 25% of all cases reported. Animal bites and scratches were frequent in persons under 20 years of age. In most ages, the incidence was higher among women than among men, but not in children under the age of ten years. The incidence of cat bites was especially high in adult women. Bites to the head and neck were most frequent in infants and young children and accounted for approximately one third of the reported cases in this age group. Patients sought medical care principally for primary wound care (52.0%) and for vaccination advice (29.6%). Rabies postexposure prophylaxis was initiated in 1.1% of patients. Wound infection was reported in 10.9% of cases, with cat bites/scratches being more often infected than injuries due to dogs. Hospitalization was reported in 0.3 % of patients. Data from the emergency department of two district hospitals showed that head and neck injuries were more frequent in out-patients and a higher proportion of persons presented with wound infections (14.1%). The hospitalization rate for emergency department visits was 4.7%. Animal bites and scratches are common events in Switzerland. They represent a public health issue of growing importance due to the steadily increasing pet population. A practice based sentinel surveillance system may be an appropriate tool to monitor national trends in animal bites and scratches.