肉及肉制品气调包装技术研究进展

气调包装技术作为一种新型包装技术应用于肉及肉制品,能较好地保持肉及肉制品品质、色泽、风味及营养、延长肉及肉制品货架期,对产品副作用小。本文主要就气调包装的技术原理、常用气体组成成分及作用、气调包装在肉及肉制品中应用的研究进展以及影响气调包装保鲜效果的因素进行概述,并对气调包装技术的研究应用提出了展望。     

活性包装在肉产品中的研究及应用现状

随着现代材料和生物科学技术的不断发展,活性包装应时而生.活性包装通过改变包装环境来保持或改善包装内容物的特性,延长货架期,提高安全性和食品感官性状.为了对肉产品活性包装有一个更清晰明确的认识,本文对其进行功能分类、阐述各类优劣特征、并进一步呈现各类发展应用现状.结果表明:除异味保香型包装并未投入太多研究;环糊精因其特有的空腔结构,在肉产品活性包装方面将大有应用前景;肉产品活性包装的发展更趋于生态环保性.     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Pomegranate Fruit and Arils: A Review

Ongoing global drive for a healthier diet has led to a rise in demand for convenient and fresh food produce, with high nutritional value and free of additives. Minimally fresh processed fruits and vegetables, satisfies the consumers’ perception of a high nutritional quality and convenience produce. Minimally processed fruit and vegetables are susceptible to increased deterioration in quality and microbial infestation due to increase in endogenous enzymatic processes and respiration rate. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology offers the possibility to retard produce respiration rate and extend the shelf life of fresh produce. However, it is important to correlate the permeability properties of the packing films with the respiration rate of the produce, in order to avoid anaerobic conditions which could lead into fermentation of produce and accumulation of ethanol. Hence, mathematical prediction modelling is now widely applied in the design and development of effective MAP technology in both whole and minimally processed fresh produce. With increasing global interest in postharvest handling and nutrition value of pomegranate, MAP of minimally processed pomegranate arils offers additional innovative tool for optimal use and value addition, including the utilization of lower-grade fruit with superficial peel defects such as; cracks, splits, and sunburnt. This review paper highlights the current status and applications of modified atmosphere packaging in whole fruit and minimally processed pomegranate arils and identifies future prospects.     

新鲜红肉气调包装研究及其在销售环境中的应用

本文结合国情介绍气调包装在红肉保鲜的应用现状,详细阐述新鲜红肉的产品特性,气调包装保鲜机理,并进一步从气体混合比例、气体阻隔材料、肉品分割方式、肉品储存温度4方面分析其对新鲜红肉包装的影响因素。针对市场销售环境讨论气调包装在肉品质量、易操作性、包装效果3方面的具体改进操作方式及这一过程中应注意的问题,并展望了气调包装在新鲜红肉包装的发展前景。     

鲜肉制品的气调包装技术浅析

气调包装是延长鲜肉货架期的最有效的方法之一,合理的气调包装不仅可以保证肉品的卫生质量、延长货架期,还可对冷却肉的感官质量产生良好影响。主要综述气调包装技术在鲜肉制品包装中的应用、气体比例及其包装方法和特点。     

气调包装技术在冷鲜肉生产中的研究进展

本文介绍气调包装的应用现状,详细阐述冷鲜肉气调包装的保鲜机理、气体的组成、影响因素,并探讨气调包装与其他保鲜手段,结合应用、气调包装与抗菌包装材料结合应用以及气调包装在冷鲜肉中的市场前景.     

冷鲜肉高氧气调保鲜包装研究

为延长冷鲜肉的货架期,本研究以PP材质托盘盛装,PP膜封盒,充入不同比例的气体成分对冷鲜肉进行气调包装.在温度4℃、湿度80％的恒定条件下,分别研究了25％ O2＋ 75％ CO2、45％O2＋55％ CO2、65％ O2＋ 35％ CO2的3种不同气体组分的气调包装对冷鲜肉的感官指标、色度、pH值和挥发性盐基氮含量等指标的影响,并且通过与大气对照组的对比,对冷鲜肉气调保鲜包装第6天的保鲜效果进行雷达直观定性分析.结果表明,65％O2＋35％ CO2组气调包装的保鲜效果明显好于其他实验组,冷鲜肉的货架期延长了6天.     

生物保护菌联合气调包装应用于肉品中抑菌保鲜的研究进展

肉及肉制品营养物质丰富,非常容易因滋生微生物而腐败变质。气调包装和生物保护菌分别作为物理和生物保鲜技术可以较好地维持肉的色泽及营养价值,保持肉的新鲜度,抑制腐败菌生长,从而延长其货架期。本文介绍气调包装常用气体和生物保护菌的抑菌机理,综述二者联合在肉品中的应用,并对其在肉品科学领域的应用前景进行展望,以期为生物保护菌联合气调包装的保鲜方法在食品研究中的推广提供借鉴。     

Modeling of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Endives Exposed to Several Postharvest Temperatures

Endives were sealed in low‐density polyethylene flexible pouches containing or not containing individual oxygen or carbon dioxide scavenger sachet and stored at 5 °C and 20 °C. A mathematical model has been applied to predict gas changes for these passive and active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The model took into account the respiration rate of endives, the transmission rate of gases through the film, the absorption kinetics of gas scavengers, and the temperature influence of all these parameters. Whatever the temperature, the model was successfully validated with root mean square error values still lower than 1 kPa and thus represented a real tool to improve the design of MAP for fresh fruits and vegetables. Oxygen scavengers reduced by half the transient period duration (50 h compared with 100 h without scavengers) and did not modify the gas equilibrium composition, suggesting a beneficial influence on keeping the quality of the product. The carbon dioxide scavengers’ influence was limited and needs further study with carbon dioxide‐sensitive products.     

壳聚糖涂膜结合气调包装延长鸡肉保质期

研究5℃冷藏条件下,结合气调包装(气体比例25% CO2,50% O2,25% N2)和1% 壳聚糖溶液涂膜对鸡肉样品的综合保鲜效应。结果表明：感官评价贮藏期为13d,硫化氢实验贮藏期为11d,菌落数贮藏期为11d,此时pH 值最佳,脂质氧化速度最慢,因此,鸡肉样品保质期可达到11d。     

国内新鲜食品气调包装技术研究现状

气调包装是一种重要的食品保鲜方法,可以有效延长产品的货架期。使用气调包装技术保鲜食品时,影响保鲜效果的因素主要有三个,一是包装气体的初始组分,二是保鲜过程中包装气体的变化,三是保鲜的温湿度条件。总结目前常用的两种果蔬呼吸模型,并分析其适用范围。总结出保鲜新鲜果蔬、鲜切蔬菜和肉类产品的初始气体组分。介绍不同包装膜对包装内外气体交换的影响。概述气调包装温湿度的相关研究。最后,对气调包装技术研究提出建议。     

气调包装用于冷鲜肉保鲜的机理及影响因素

本文概述了气调包装现状,详细阐述了肉品气调包装保鲜的机理,气体组成及其影响因素,对气调包装在鲜肉保鲜中的应用应注意的问题进行了探讨,并指出气调包装是冷却肉包装发展的重要方向。     

Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Modeling with Tomatoes and Oxygen Absorber

Design of active modified atmosphere packaging for vegetables was studied by developing a mathematical model predicting gas changes and based on the following independently evaluated parameters: vegetable respiration rate, film permeability, and oxygen absorption kinetic of the absorber. A step‐by‐step model validation was performed on a tomatoes/low‐density polyethylene pouch/commercial iron‐based scavenger system at 20 °C. Without optimization, the model fit experimental data with root mean square error (RMSE) value lower than 1.5. Oxygen absorbers had a strong influence on transient period characteristics by reducing their duration (50 and 100 h with and without absorber, respectively) and suppression of the CO₂ peak owing to a rapid oxygen depletion.     

不同含氧气调包装方式对调理鸭肉制品的保鲜效果

为延长调理鸭肉制品货架期,将调理后的鸭肉分别以托盘包装为对照,用不同含氧气调包装方式（MAP1（20% CO2＋80% N2）、MAP2（20% CO2＋40% O2＋40% N2）、MAP3（20% CO2＋80% O2））对调理鸭肉制品进行保鲜处理（0～4 ℃）,测定调理鸭肉贮藏期间微生物指标和生理生化指标。结果表明：与托盘包装组相比,3 种气调包装方式均能有效抑制调理鸭肉中微生物生长,减少挥发性盐基氮产生;含氧组（MAP2和MPA3）的保鲜效果显著优于MAP1组和对照组（P＜0.05）,含氧组的保质期均为12 d;在贮藏12 d时,MAP2组的TBARS值和肠杆菌数显著低于MAP3组（P＜0.05）,MAP3组的菌落总数显著低于MAP2组（P＜0.05）,且这两组的TVB-N含量和L*值均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综合分析,MAP2包装对调理鸭肉制品保鲜效果最好。     

Modified Atmosphere and Modified Humidity Packaging of Fresh Mushrooms

Sorbitol and sodium chloride were used to modify the in-package relative humidity (IPRH) of fresh mushrooms (water irrigated and CaCl₂ irrigated) stored in a modified atmosphere package (MAP) at 12°C. No differences were observed for maturity index and microbial population between mushrooms stored in modified atmosphere package (MAP) with or without moisture absorbers. Lower IPRH was observed in packages containing water irrigated (normally grown) mushrooms with sodium chloride, but resulted in over-drying of mushrooms and did not improve color. Normally grown mushrooms with 10 and 15g sorbitol had the best color. IPRH of 87–90%, within 9 days storage was considered optimum. No improvements in quality were found with moisture absorbers with normally grown mushrooms. However, a small amount of sorbitol helped to avoid condensation with CaCl₂ irrigated mushrooms.     

气调包装结合电子束辐照对蚌肉的保鲜效果

为探究气调包装结合电子束辐照对蚌肉的保鲜效果,分别设置气调比例为A组:100％CO2、B组:70％CO2+30％N2、C组:50％CO2+50％N2、D组:30％CO2+70％N2和E组:50％CO2+30％N2+20％O2,气调包装后使用5 kGy电子束辐照处理,同时设置2个对照组,处理后蚌肉进行冰藏实验.研究结果表...     

Effect of Modified Atmosphere Blending on the Oxidative Stability and Color of Frozen Mechanically Separated Poultry Meat

The effect of blending mechanically separated poultry meat under several modified atmospheres was investigated. Treatments included vacuum, nitrogen, nitrogen containing carbon monoxide (I%, 5% and 10%) and an unblended control. The blended and control meats were sealed in gas impermeable plastic pouches and stored at ?10°C for 7 months. Oxidative stability was evaluated at monthly intervals by monitoring the appearance of malonaldehyde using HPLC. Surface color determined with a HunterLab color difference meter was also used as a critereon of frozen storage quality. The modified atmosphere treated meats were found to be more stable than the control (P < 0.05). Meats blended with atmospheres containing CO were redder (P < 0.01) than the control, vacuum or nitrogen blended samples.     

Review: Modified Atmosphere Packaging and its effects on the microbiological quality and safety of produce

Modified Atmosphere Packaging and related technologies are increasingly used to extend shelf-life of fresh produce. This paper reviews the effect of such technology on the spoilage microbiological flora and food-borne pathogens which may be present in produce and also on the organoleptic properties of the product.