A Novel Circulant Approximation Method for Frequency Domain LMMSE Equalization

The coefficients of a Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) equalizer for a stationary random signal are defined by a Toeplitz system. The Toeplitz structure can be exploited to reduce computational complexity. In this paper we investigate the Levinson and Schur algorithm, as well as circulant embedding and circulant approximation methods applied to the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method and Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE). We develop a novel circulant approximation method which improves the performance/complexity tradeoff. We show that the optimal choice of algorithms largely depends on the antenna configuration. Investigated configurations are Single Input Single Output (SISO), Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). All considered algorithms are benchmarked in terms of implementation complexity and capacity achieved by a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) receiver in a multipath fading scenario.     

CFAR Detectors for MIMO Radars

CFAR (Constant False-Alarm Rate) processors are useful for detecting radar targets in a background for which the parameters in the statistical distribution are not known. A variety of CFAR techniques such as CA (Cell Averaging), Go (Greatest Of), SO (Smallest Of), OS (Ordered Statistics) and ACMLD (Automatic Censored Mean-Level Detector) processors have been proposed for SISO (Single Input–Single Output) radars in a non-homogeneous background. In this paper, conventional CFAR algorithms including CA, SO, OS and ACMLD processors are generalized for MIMO (Multiple Input–Multiple Output) radars. The exact expressions for false-alarm probabilities of the proposed algorithms in a homogeneous background are presented. In addition, the detection performance of the proposed detectors is studied by means of simulation in the presence of interfering targets and also colored Gaussian clutter. Besides, the proposed CFAR processors are compared, and it is shown that the ACML-based algorithm is superior to the other investigated methods.     

On the use of NSGA-II for multi-objective resource allocation in MIMO-OFDMA systems

This paper investigates the problem of dynamic subcarrier and bit allocation in downlink of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) Systems. Using Singular Value Decomposition, the MIMO fading channel of each subcarrier is transformed into an equivalent bank of parallel Single Input Single Output sub-channels. To achieve the capacity bound, one must solve a multiuser subcarrier allocation and the optimal bit allocation jointly. To alleviate the computational complexity of joint subcarrier and bit allocation, several suboptimal solutions have been proposed. These suboptimal solutions handle subcarrier and bits individually. We propose the use of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA)-II, which is a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm, for joint allocation of bits and subcarriers, in the downlink of MIMO-OFDMA system. NSGA-II is intended for optimization problems involving multiple conflicting objectives. Here the two conflicting objectives are Rate Maximization and Transmit Power Minimization. The simulation results indicate remarkable improvement in terms of convergence over previous approaches involving Evolutionary algorithms. At the same time capacity achieved by the proposed algorithm is found to be comparable with that of previous algorithms.     

多入单出正交空时分组码系统的调制识别

在现代无线通信系统中,采用正交空时分组码(STBC)的多天线发射技术是提高通信速率和可靠性,并且能够实现简单译码的关键技术。该文针对瑞利信道系统模型,提出一种适用于多入单出正交空时分组码(OSTBC)的调制识别算法。该算法通过对接收到的数据进行重排,将多入单出的系统模型转化为类似多入多出的系统模型,并且根据信源的特殊性用最大似然的思想实现调制类型的识别。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Universal biquad filters using low-voltage current mirrors

Novel Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) current-mode universal biquad topologies are introduced in this paper. The proposed topologies have been realized by employing low-voltage current mirrors as active elements. As a result, an absence of resistors is achieved in the derived filter topologies; also only grounded capacitors are required. The resonant frequency of the filters can be electronically controlled by an appropriate dc current. In addition, the derived filters offer the feature of orthogonal adjustment between the resonant frequency and Q factor. The behavior evaluation of the proposed filters has been performed through a test chip prototype fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology.     

Receiver Algorithms for Multi-stream Data Transmission in WLAN 802.11n Networks

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems employ multiple antennas to provide high spectral efficiency and wireless link reliability thanks to multipath diversity and space multiplexing. This technology is now being implemented into wireless standards such as 802.11n, as well as the 4th generation cellular networks. In this paper we present results of an extensive simulation research in which we compare three receiver models for MIMO WLAN 802.11n system. We investigate maximum-likelihood, zero-forcing and Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time receivers. Performance of these receivers for a range of 802.11n environments, i.e. for several channel models and different number of transmitter and receiver antennas is evaluated. The results of the comparison highlight the benefits of MIMO technology and show to what extent it is possible to improve the MIMO 802.11n system performance increasing the receiver complexity.     

Design and Comparison of FFT VLSI Architectures for SoC Telecom Applications with Different Flexibility,Speed and Complexity Trade-Offs

The design of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) integrated architectures for System-on-Chip (SoC) telecom applications is addressed in this paper. After reviewing the FFT processing requirements of wireless and wired Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) standards, including the emerging Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and OFDM Access (OFDMA) schemes, three FFT architectures are proposed: a fully parallel, a pipelined cascade and an in-place variable-size architecture, which offer different trade-offs among flexibility, processing speed and complexity. Silicon implementation results and comparisons with the state-of-the-art prove that each macrocell outperforms the known works for a target application. The fully parallel is optimized for throughput requirements up to several GSamples/s enabling Ultra-wideband (UWB) communications by using all channels foreseen in the standard. The pipelined cascade macrocell minimizes complexity for large size FFTs sustaining throughput up to 100 MSamples/s. The in-place variable-size FFT macrocell stands for its flexibility by allowing run-time reconfigurability required in OFDMA schemes while attaining the required throughput to support MIMO communications. The three architectures are also compared with common case-studies and target technology.     

Universal filters of arbitrary order and type employing square-root-domain technique

Novel Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) universal filter topologies of arbitrary order and type are introduced in this paper. The proposed topologies have been realised by employing Square-Root Domain (SRD) technique. An offered benefit of the universal filter topologies is that only grounded capacitors are required for their implementations and the resonant frequency of the filters can be electronically controlled by an appropriate dc current. The proposed universal filters simultaneously offer all the five standard filtering functions i.e. Lowpass (LP), Highpass (HP) and Bandpass (BP), Bandstop (BS) and Allpass (AP) frequency responses. In addition, the SIMO topology is generic in the sense that it can yield four different stable filter configurations. Two design examples are provided in each configuration and the correct operation of the corresponding topologies has been evaluated through the PSPICE software with BSIM 0.35-µm CMOS process model parameters.     

Space Diversity Knotted with WiMAX- A Way for Undistorted and Anti-Corruptive Channel

The principal aim of this research article is to develop an apt transmission scheme which will completely accomplish the goal of eliminating channel distortion. The effort on this work signifies and delivers a combined transmit diversity scheme that scatters the transmitter signal in multi dimension to comprehend the need to improve noise immunity. Extrapolating the diversity combining techniques, it is possible to perceive the same in the case of receivers. Space diversity is intertwined with WiMAX and the benefits have been demonstrated by incorporating various space diversity techniques and the analysis is done with respect to Bit Error Rate. Performance comparison is presented for Multiple Input Single Output and Multiple Input Multiple Output configurations.     

WiMAX系统中导频和信道估计

WiMAX系统中物理层多址方案采用了正交频分多址接入(OFDMA),并根据上、下行链路的不同特点,定义了多种导频图案。当OFDMA和多输入多输出(MIMO)技术结合时,导频图案也需要变化来支持多天线。WiMAX系统中MIMO-OFDMA有五种导频模式,包括下行部分使用子信道(DL-PUSC)、下行完全使用子信道(DL-FUSC)、下行可选完全使用子信道(DL-OFUSC)、上行部分使用子信道(UL-PUSC)和上行可选部分使用子信道(UL-OPUSC)。通过分析时域LS、频域LS和基于FFT的信道估计方法下的仿真结果,可以得出每种模式下的最优信道估计方案。     

A High Resolution Wide Swath SAR method based on intra-pulse null steering and MIMO

High Resolution Wide Swath （HRWS） Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） often suffers from low Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） due to small transmitting antenna, especially in phased array antenna systems. Digital Beam Forming （DBF） based on Single Input and Multiple Output （SIMO） achieves receiving array gain at the cost of increasing data rate. This letter proposes a new HRWS SAR method, which employs intra-pulse null steering to get receiving gain in elevation and decrease the data rate, and Multiple Input and Multiple Output （MIMO） using Space-Time Block Coding （STBC） in azimuth to get transmitting gain and receiving array gain simultaneously. The feasibility is verified by deduction and simulations.     

分布式孔径相参雷达预警探测技术

分布式孔径相参雷达是指空间分置的多部雷达在统一的控制和调度下,实现对目标信号级相参探测,具有探测威力大、测量精度高等优势,可应用于防空反导、预警探测、精密跟踪和空间目标监视等领域。本文针对分布式孔径雷达相参探测在预警领域的应用开展技术研究,首先分别给出了一发多收和多发多收相参合成预警探测工作原理;然后从探测威力和检测概率两方面对相参合成预警探测性能进行了分析,结果表明,相参合成对探测威力和检测概率改善效果明显;在此基础上,构建了低频段一发两收相参合成预警探测试验系统,通过对飞机目标相参探测试验验证了分布式孔径雷达相参合成预警探测的性能优势。      

IEEE 802.11ac MIMO Transceiver Baseband Processing on a VLIW Processor

Wireless standards are evolving rapidly due to the exponential growth in the number of portable devices along with the applications with high data rate requirements. Adaptable software based signal processing implementations for these devices can make the deployment of the constantly evolving standards faster and less expensive. The flagship technology from the IEEE WLAN family, the IEEE 802.11ac, aims at achieving very high throughputs in local area connectivity scenarios. This article presents a software based implementation for the Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) transmitter and receiver baseband processing conforming to the IEEE 802.11ac standard which can achieve transmission bit rates beyond 1Gbps. This work focuses on the Physical layer frequency domain processing. Various configurations, including 2×2 and 4×4 MIMO are considered for the implementation. To utilize the available data and instruction level parallelism, a DSP core with vector extensions is selected as the implementation platform. Then, the feasibility of the presented software-based solution is assessed by studying the number of clock cycles and power consumption of the different scenarios implemented on this core. Such Software Defined Radio based approaches can potentially offer more flexibility, high energy efficiency, reduced design efforts and thus shorter time-to-market cycles in comparison with the conventional fixed-function hardware methods.     

分布式MIMO-OFDM系统的同步捕获算法

该文提出了一种分布式多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统初始信号检测和同步捕获算法。该算法设计了导频符号,采用谱分析方法实现可靠的初始信号检测、粗定时和粗频偏估计,并在快速傅里叶变换(FFT)之后进行精确地频偏和定时估计。仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比多径瑞利信道条件下具有很好的性能。     

基于MIMO通信的OFDM／SC～FDE码分多址接人技术研究

为有效克服正交频分复用（OFDM）系统存在的不足,提高系统性能,将OFDM技术及单载波频域均衡（SC—FDE）技术分别与码分多址接入（CDMA）技术相结合,并在多输入多输出（MIMO）空间复用技术的高速率通信基础上,研究了相应的两种基带系统结构,讨论了系统所用的频域均衡算法及系数,最后给出性能仿真结果。结果表明,MIMO—SC—FDE—CDMA技术相结合能够更有效地提高系统性能,降低用户间干扰,有着良好的应用前景。     

基于MWF的非线性Volterra滤波

结合Volterra滤波的多人单出(MISO)模型,本文将多级维纳滤波(MWF)应用于非线性Volterra滤波,提出三种实现结构及其降秩滤波算法.MWF将期望信号连续投影到正交的低维子空间,利用嵌套的一组标量维纳滤波器实现滤波,避免求解观测矢量的自相关矩阵及其逆;而基于MWF的降秩滤波算法不需要进行计算复杂的特征值分解.结合中继卫星信道的非线性均衡对算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明三种结构均可以很好地收敛;降秩算法在减小运算量的同时,性能接近全秩算法.     

小斜视角单输入多输出稀疏线性阵列相参频率分集成像

现代高分辨雷达通过大带宽获得高距离分辨率,通过大孔径获得高方位分辨率。该文根据单输入多输出(SIMO)线性阵列天线的基本原理,借鉴了频率分集相参处理的思路,用两个阵元实现了多阵元所形成的波束,并结合高分辨1维距离像(HRRP)方法,实现了目标的2维成像。进而为了减小频率分集所需的发射阵元工作带宽,该文结合稀疏天线阵元思想,通过设计阵元分布,用较少的频率分集实现了大孔径。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

高速无线局域网主要技术

无线局域网（WLAN）技术发展迅速，但传输速度慢的缺点始终是阻碍WLAN进步发展的”瓶颈”。实现更高的传输速率，取得更可靠的性能，需要全面采用下一代移动通信的关键技术。IEEE 802.11n标准全面改进了802.11标准，在物理层引入了正交频分复用与多入多出相结合的技术，使传输速度成倍提高；在媒体访问控制（MAC）层采用帧聚合机制、传输机会与拥塞确认技术，使MAC层的性能得到提升，数据帧结构得到优化，网络吞吐能力得到提高；在WLAN中采用新的纠错编码的方法——低密度奇偶校验码，使接收机在较低的信噪比情况下仍然可以拥有较低的误码率，使覆盖范围得到提升。     

单小区多用户下行OFDM系统资源分配算法研究

多用户正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,充分利用多载波系统的多用户分集进行合理无线资源分配,能够显著提高系统容量和最大限度提高频谱利用率。经过广泛的研究,很多有效资源分配算法已经被提出来。重点讨论了单小区多用户OFDM系统关于子载波、比特及功率等无线资源的分配问题,介绍现有的研究成果,包括常见的模型及求解方法,并介绍近期的研究热点,包括多小区系统、多入多出(MIMO)系统等。     

认知雷达波形优化设计方法综述

认知雷达通过借鉴蝙蝠的认知学习过程,感知战场环境信息并反馈至发射机,从而实现自适应探测和处理,是未来雷达智能化发展的重点方向。其中如何充分利用目标与环境先验信息,设计雷达波形以提高目标检测、跟踪以及抗干扰等性能是认知雷达发展的难点和重点。该文针对不同干扰环境、目标模型、天线配置(如:单发单收(SISO)和多发多收(MIMO))等的波形设计关键要素及主要思路进行了总结梳理,并从不同干扰与目标知识的利用角度,对近几年代表性的认知波形设计文献进行介绍和归纳,旨在为以后的研究提供参考和依据。