超细连续玻璃纤维生产技术

介绍了超细连续玻璃纤维生产技术发展概况,对采用代铂坩埚法、多排孔超细玻璃纤维成型的关键技术环节进行了分析讨论。采用该技术可以生产高线密度超细玻璃纤维,主要性能可达到国外同类产品的水平,满足了膜结构材料基材的使用要求。     

磨碎玻璃纤维增强材料简介

磨碎玻璃纤维与玻璃粉等一般填充材料不同,它同时具有填充和增强作用。本文介绍了磨碎玻璃纤维的概念、特点及其应用领域,并简介了磨碎玻璃纤维在国内外的发展及应用情况。     

GB/T25041-2010《玻璃纤维过滤材料》标准介绍

介绍了玻璃纤维过滤材料的性能和发展情况,对GB/T25041-2010《玻璃纤维过滤材料》标准中的范围和定义、分类和代号、产品的要求等方面作详细阐述,并对标准中未涉及的除尘率、动态阻力、洁净滤材料阻力系数等技术指标进行说明。     

高强玻璃纤维

高强度玻璃纤维增强材料是在60年代发展起来的。美国欧文思·康宁公司的高强玻璃纤维称为S-Ⅱ玻璃纤维;法国圣哥本公司的高强玻璃纤维的商标名为R玻璃纤维。主要用于飞机、宇宙飞行器和军用等。下表列示了高强玻璃纤维的性能。     

玻璃纤维增强氯氧镁水泥

玻璃纤维增强氯氧镁水泥制品是用菱苦土和氯化镁水溶液制成的水泥中,加入玻璃纤维作增强材料制成的制品。这是随玻璃纤维开发而发展起来的一种新型材料。目前玻璃纤维增强氯氧镁水泥制品已从轻型屋面材料单一品种发展到复合地板、琉璃瓦、浴缸、风管、风道等众多品种。据有关方面分析预测,如果玻璃纤维增强氯氧镁水泥瓦在吸水率、耐老化及制品强度方面得到改进,     

化工大数据图说玻璃纤维

正玻璃纤维通常运用在电绝缘材料、复合材料中的增强材料、绝热保温材料和电路基板等社会经济发展中的各个领域。近年来,玻璃纤维热塑性增强材料发展迅猛,应用已从建筑、电子电气、轨道交通、工业应用等传统工业领域扩展到航天航空、新能源、海洋工程等新兴领域。     

高硅氧玻璃纤维产品的发展和应用

介绍了高硅氧玻璃纤维的生产方法、产品类型、规格及世界上生产高硅氧玻璃纤维的状况;对提高高硅氧玻璃纤维产品性能的方法作了简介;指出了高硅氧玻璃纤维的主要应用范围:耐高温隔热、保温材料,烧蚀材料,增强材料;金属熔体、高温气尘的过滤净化材料;防火、耐高温防护材料等。     

浅谈高强玻璃纤维的发展和应用

介绍了高强玻璃纤维和普通无碱玻璃纤维相比具有的拉伸强度高、弹性模量高、抗冲击性能好、化学稳定性好、耐高温、抗疲劳性好等优良特征,高强玻璃纤维在国内外发展的情况,高强玻璃纤维及其制品纱及织物的主要技术性能,它在航空航天、国防工业、一般工业、体育休闲器材等高性能的增强材料方面的广泛应用。     

玻璃钢用原材料生产及使用情况

国内玻璃钢用增强材料主要是无捻粗纱和无捻粗纱方格布。无捻粗纱方格布,其中中碱方格布占整个增强材料的90％。此外,还有小批量试生产的玻璃纤维表面毡及正在研制的短切玻璃纤维毡。 作为玻璃钢成型的第三种材料——预浸渍材料也得到了一定的发展。六十年代,围绕着酚醛预浸渍材料为主的改性材料有FB材料、FX材料等。在聚酯预浸渍材料中有最先发展的是BMC,近年又出现了SMC。热塑性预浸渍材料中能作为工业生产的有玻璃纤维增强的聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯料粒。预浸渍材料主要用作尺     

玻璃纤维增强RRIM聚氨酯材料的研究

应用扫描电镜,研究了RRIM聚氨酯材料中玻璃纤维的分布状况。探讨了玻璃纤维含量、玻璃纤维取向对RRIM聚氨酯材料性能的影响。揭示了RRIM聚氨酯材料中玻璃纤维与聚氨酯材料的连接状态。     

玻璃纤维建筑膜材的评价方法研究

简要介绍了膜结构建筑用膜材;介绍了玻璃纤维织物结构对膜材性能的影响;通过分析研究国外玻璃纤维膜材产品、国外膜材评价方法及标准,提出了玻璃纤维膜材的力学性能（拉伸断裂强力、断裂伸长率、折叠后拉伸断裂强力、撕裂强力、弹性常数）、耐候性（加速老化、耐雨水）、透光性、防火性评价方法。希望通过本文为玻纤膜材的评价和选择提供一定的帮助。     

相容性对合金分离膜结构和性能的影响

介绍了相容性对合金膜的结构和性能的意义。液相共混高分子合金膜的结构与其共混体系的相容性密切相关 ,影响合金体系相容性的因素包括共混体系的性质、组成、分子结构、分子质量、结晶度、增塑作用、溶剂和操作温度等 ,因此可以通过以上途径来调控合金体系的相容性 ,进而得到理想的膜性能     

高效空气过滤用PTFE膜材料的结构和性能

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜高效空气过滤材料以其过滤效率高、初始阻力小和无硼释放等优点,在电子工业洁净室中得到了广泛的应用,然而目前尚缺乏PTFE膜与传统滤材结构及性能的系统对比研究。本文选取了两种商业应用的PTFE膜高效滤材,采用扫描电子显微镜、孔径分析仪、自动滤材测试仪等多种表征手段对材料的微观结构和过滤性能与超细玻璃纤维(简称玻纤)滤材进行了较为全面的对比研究,结果表明,PTFE膜本质上也是一种纤维类滤材,其纤维平均直径为60～85nm,远低于玻纤滤材的668.8nm;高效PTFE膜的过滤效率与玻纤滤材相当,且其初始阻力不及玻纤滤材的50%,但PTFE膜滤材的容尘性能不及玻纤滤材,更适合应用于有再生或预过滤装置的场所。     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的选择

介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池中常见的氟化磺酸型质子交换膜,对质子交换膜中氧气渗透率的影响因素与氟化磺酸型质子交换膜结构进行了分析,指出了优化的膜化学结构。     

Advanced functional polymer membranes

This feature article provides a comprehensive overview on the development of polymeric membranes having advanced or novel functions in the various membrane separation processes for liquid and gaseous mixtures (gas separation, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration) and in other important applications of membranes such as biomaterials, catalysis (including fuel cell systems) or lab-on-chip technologies. Important approaches toward this aim include novel processing technologies of polymers for membranes, the synthesis of novel polymers with well-defined structure as ‘designed’ membrane materials, advanced surface functionalizations of membranes, the use of templates for creating ‘tailored’ barrier or surface structures for membranes and the preparation of composite membranes for the synergistic combination of different functions by different (mainly polymeric) materials. Self-assembly of macromolecular structures is one important concept in all of the routes outlined above. These rather diverse approaches are systematically organized and explained by using many examples from the literature and with a particular emphasis on the research of the author's group(s). The structures and functions of these advanced polymer membranes are evaluated with respect to improved or novel performance, and the potential implications of those developments for the future of membrane technology are discussed.     

基于超亲水超疏油原理的网膜及其在油水分离中的应用

综述了基于超亲水超疏油原理的网膜的研究进展及其在油水分离中的应用。首先介绍了研究的理论基础,包括构筑超亲水超疏油网膜的理论基础及膜分离原理,膜的基本性能及影响因素,液桥原理在超亲水超疏油膜中的应用以及该类膜的结构、制备的原材料和制备的基本方法。然后全面综述了刺激响应超亲水超疏油膜,超亲水及水下超疏油膜,无机结晶纳米线超亲水超疏油膜,分子刷结构超亲水超疏油膜及可用于含油乳液分离的网膜等的研究进展。最后指出了目前在该领域的研究中存在的一些问题,主要包括膜分离的基本理论,制备膜的原材料、膜通量、膜寿命及应用范围等,并对未来的发展进行了展望。     

Structure of poly (p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBZO) and poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in fuel cells

The structures of membranes of PBZO and PBZT extruded with counter rotating dies (CRD) were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy (AFM, SEM, and TEM). The structure of CRD-extruded PBZO was compared with that of a solution-cast membrane. The extruded membranes have sheet structures typical of rigid-rod polymers. The heterocyclic rings of the extruded membranes are oriented approximately parallel to the membrane surface, while those of the cast membrane are oriented perpendicular to the surface. The parallel orientation of the rings of the extruded membranes may be due to the normal force exerted during extrusion. The polymer molecules near the surfaces of the extruded membranes are oriented along the shear directions of the extruder, while those in the middle are oriented randomly. There is little cholesteric nature. These materials have potential as microporous PEMs holding ion conducting polymers (ICPs).     

Comparative performance of ion exchange membranes for electrodialysis of nickel and cobalt

The extraction of nickel and cobalt from their sulfate solutions by electrodialysis in a modified three compartment cell is described. Two cation exchange membranes, the perfluorosulfonic Nafion® 117 and a new sulfonated PVDF membrane, are compared under similar operating conditions. The membranes are used as either flat structures or as corrugated structures. The effect of flow rate, current density, salt concentration and temperature on the performance of each membrane is described. The performance is characterised in terms of transport properties, current efficiencies and concentrations of metal ions transported through each membrane. The performance of the PVDF membrane was as good as; if not slightly better, than that of the commercial Nafion 117. A significant improvement with the use of corrugated membranes on the amounts of metal extracted is observed. The corrugated Nafion 117 membrane gave superior current efficiencies compared to the flat one with the same amount of charged passed. Separation of cobalt from nickel by electrodialysis in mixed solution has also been investigated.     

Chitosan chiral ligand exchange membranes for sorption resolution of amino acids

The concept of chiral ligand exchange is employed in the present study to achieve the chiral resolution of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers by using chitosan (CS) membrane in a sorption resolution mode and copper(II) ion as the complexing ion. CS porous membranes are prepared by freeze-drying method (CS-LT) and sol-gel process at high temperature (CS-HT), respectively, to investigate their sorption resolution characteristics. The proposed CS chiral ligand exchange membranes exhibit good chiral resolution capability. Meanwhile the sorption selectivity of the CS membranes is found to be reversed from L-selectivity at low copper(II) ion concentration to D-selectivity at high copper(II) ion concentration, which is attributable to the stability difference between the copper(II)-L-Trp and copper(II)-D-Trp complexes. Moreover, the CS-HT membrane shows better performance with respect to both sorption selectivity and sorption capability than the CS-LT membrane, which mainly results from its more amorphous structures compared with the more crystalline structures of the CS-LT membrane. The superiority of sorption capability of the CS-HT membrane is also attributable to its larger specific surface area than that of the CS-LT membrane. The results obtained in this study are conducive to the design and fabrication of chiral ligand exchange membranes for enantiomer separation in sorption mode.     

3种壳聚糖膜的制备及性能比较

以壳聚糖为原料,采用流延法制备了壳聚糖膜、N-乙酰化壳聚糖膜。采用FTIR、XRD和SEN对3种膜的结构和形貌进行了表征,并比较了3种膜的性能。结果表明,N-乙酰化壳聚糖膜的力学性能和耐酸性能好于其它两种膜。