Micro-electrochemical characterization of corrosion of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution

The local corrosion behavior of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution was studied by micro-electrochemical measurements, including scanning vibrating electrode and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The microstructure of the welded steel was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the microstructure of weld metal consists of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite, while that of heat-affected zone is a mixture of acicular ferrite, bainitic ferrite and a few martensite/austenite microconstituents. The microstructure of base steel is typically ferrite and pearlite. Electrochemical corrosion mechanism of welded X70 steel does not experience change upon hydrogen-charging, or stressing, or both. Hydrogen-charging is capable of enhancing the local anodic dissolution of the steel. The resistance of corrosion product layer decreases with hydrogen-charging, and heat-affected zone has the largest dissolution current upon hydrogen-charging. The increase of applied stress enhanced the anodic dissolution of welded X70 steel, especially the heat-affected zone, in near-neutral pH solution. Maximum current is observed in heat-affected zone, and increases with the increase of applied stresses. The total synergistic effect of hydrogen-charging (10 mA/cm²) and applied stress (550 MPa) on anodic dissolution of welded X70 steel in near-neutral pH solution is determined to be within the range of 5.7 and 6.5, with a maximum value encountering in heat-affected zone.     

X80管线钢及其接头的低温韧性和显微组织

分别利用示波冲击韧性试验、硬度试验和光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了X80管线钢及其焊管接头的力学性能和显微组织。试验结果表明，X80钢及其焊管接头具有良好的韧性，其中焊缝的韧性最高，焊接热影响区粗晶区因受焊接热效应引起晶粒粗化和形成脆性组织，故韧性最低。试验钢由针状铁素体和少量块状铁素体组成，焊缝为典型的针状铁素体组织，焊接热影响区粗晶区以粒状贝氏体为主。焊接热影响区熔合线附近的硬度值最高，越远离熔合线硬度值越低，并逐渐接近母材的硬度值。     

X80管线钢热丝TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能

采用热丝TIG焊对X80钢板进行对接,并研究了接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝区主要为针状铁素体(AF)组织,热影响区粗晶区主要为贝氏体铁素体(BF)和粒状贝氏体(GB)组织,细晶区主要是多边形铁素体(PF)和少量贝氏体组成;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为643 MPa,断裂在母材区;在-30℃时焊缝区的冲击吸收功高于热影响区,焊缝主要是韧脆混合断裂为主,而HAZ主要以脆性断裂为主。焊缝区的硬度较高,焊接接头HAZ存在硬化和软化现象。     

B级钢/Q450NQR1钢焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度试验以及金相分析等方法,研究了B级钢/Q450NQR1钢焊接接头组织与力学性能。结果表明:接头抗拉强度优于母材B级钢,弯曲性能良好;B级钢侧HAZ冲击值较低;焊缝组织为先共析铁素体+针状铁素体,B级钢侧HAZ为铁素体+网状珠光体,晶粒粗大。     

700MPa级低合金高强钢低匹配焊接接头组织和性能研究

按照低匹配设计原则,采用熔化极气体保护焊对屈服强度为700 MPa级的低合金高强钢进行了焊接。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和力学性能试验研究了焊接接头的组织和性能。结果表明,焊缝区组织主要为针状铁素体和少量先共析铁素体,粗晶热影响区组织为上贝氏体;焊缝区显微硬度明显低于母材,焊缝区-40℃时的冲击韧度(AKV)为58 J,抗拉强度达到了母材抗拉强度的92.4%,焊接接头的综合力学性能良好。     

热处理对极寒服役条件下弯管用X80钢焊缝组织性能的影响

利用显微组织分析、低温冲击试验、断口分析等手段,研究了不同热处理工艺对弯管用X80钢焊缝显微组织与低温冲击性能的影响。结果表明,在890~980 ℃范围内正火,随着正火温度升高,焊缝组织逐渐粗化,M-A组元和碳化物数量增多且聚集程度逐渐增加,低温冲击性能下降。在620~680 ℃范围内回火,随着回火温度的升高,焊缝中贝氏体及针状铁素体的混合组织发生回复与再结晶,碳化物析出和先共析铁素体含量增加,硬脆M-A组元逐渐分解,低温冲击吸收能量则先升后降,显微硬度逐渐降低。热处理后焊缝组织主要以针状铁素体(AF)和粒状贝氏体(GB)为主,同时存在少量的先共析铁素体(PF)和弥散分布的M-A组元。采用920 ℃正火+660 ℃高温回火时,焊缝低温冲击吸收能量最优,为148 J,同时显微硬度波动较小,冲击断口放射区为准解理断裂,无大尺寸裂纹且出现部分韧窝,表明该热处理工艺下处理的弯管可以满足在-45 ℃极寒条件下的服役要求。     

Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of microalloyed HSLA steel weld metals

Abstract

Two high strength Nb/Ti microalloyed S690QL steels were welded with identical filler material, varying welding parameters to obtain three cooling rates: slow, medium and fast cooling. As cooling rate increased, the predominantly acicular ferrite in Nb weld metal (WM) is substituted by bainite, with a consequence of obvious hardness increase, but in Ti WM, no great variation of acicular ferrite at all cooling rates contributed to little increment of hardness. The transition between bainite and acicular ferrite has been analysed from the point view of inclusions characteristics, chemical composition and cooling rate. Excellent Charpy toughness at 233?K was obtained with acicular ferrite as predominantly microstructure. Even with bainite weld of high hardness, the toughness was nearly enough to fulfill the minimal requirements. WM for Ti steel showed to be markedly less sensitive to the variations of cooling rate than that for Nb steel.     

Toughness improvement by Cu addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of microstructure and Cu addition in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel subjected to 100?kJ?cm^?1 heat input welding was studied. It has been observed that the primary microstructure in Cu-free HSLA steels is dominated by bainite, whereas, in Cu-bearing HSLA steels, the predominant microstructure is acicular ferrite. The acicular ferrite nucleated at intragranular complex inclusions consisting of Al and Ti oxides, covered with layer of MnS and CuS. The presence of high intensity of acicular ferrite and hard impingements between acicular ferrite laths or plates has contributed to the fine-grained and interlocked microstructure. The enhanced toughness in CGHAZ of Cu-bearing HSLA steel is attributed to the fine-grained interlocked microstructure of acicular ferrite.     

Study on the microstructure and hardness of in-service welded joint of X70 pipeline steel

Hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） is one of the main problems of in-service welding onto active pipeline. Microstructure and hardness of welded joint have a vital effect on hydrogen induced cracking. The microstructure and hardness of welded joint of XTO pipeline steel were studied using simulation in-service welding device. The results show that the main microstructures of in-service welded seam are grain boundary ferrite , intracrystalline acicular ferrite , as well as small amount of widmanztatten structure. The main microstructures of coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） are coarse granular bainite, lath ferrite and martensite. Metastable phases such as martensite and lath ferrite are found in CGHAZ because of the too quick cooling velocity a＇nd the hardness of the CGHAZ is high.     

热输入对BWELDY960Q钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用MAG焊方法焊接低合金高强度钢BWELDY960Q,在不同焊接工艺参数下获得焊接接头,研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接热输入的提高,焊缝中针状铁素体的体积分数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当焊接热输入为12.32 kJ/cm时,焊缝中获得的针状铁素体所占的比例达到最大值. 针状铁素体数量的增加,提高了焊缝和熔合区的冲击吸收功、焊接接头的抗拉强度、断后伸长率和断面收缩率. 焊缝冲击断口呈韧窝花样,等轴韧窝与抛物线韧窝交替分布. 熔合区冲击断口呈解理特征,解理台阶层次明显,并存在较多的撕裂棱.     

Experimental study on fracture toughness of OS-F101 415F pipeline steel and its welded joint

The fracture toughness of OS-F101 415F pipeline steel and its welded joint had been systematically studied. The present results suggest that OS-F101 415F pipeline steel and its welded joint all have relatively high fracture toughness values at 0℃, which are higher than 0.30 mm. The main reason for such results is the over 80% acicular ferrite in their mwrostructure     

Q550高强钢焊接接头强韧性匹配

在不预热条件下采用不同合金成分焊丝焊接Q550高强钢,试验研究焊丝中合金对焊缝组织、接头抗拉强度及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,使用MK.G60-1焊丝可获得以针状铁素体为主的焊缝组织.焊缝中沿晶界分布的先共析铁素体在承受拉应力时易萌生裂纹,提高焊缝中针状铁素体含量可以提高接头抗拉强度和韧性.采用MK.G60-1焊丝接头抗拉强度接近母材的抗拉强度,断裂发生在熔合区.接头热影响区的冲击吸收功最高,而熔合区的抗拉强度和韧性最低.焊缝冲击断口纤维区均以穿晶断裂为主,断口韧窝产生的机理是微孔聚集型,针状铁素体区对应的韧窝较大,先共析铁素体对应的韧窝较小.     

9Ni钢自保护药芯焊丝的研制及分析

研制了以Fe-Ni-Mn-Si系为合金系的9Ni钢自保护药芯焊丝. 采用FCAW法在不加保护气体的条件下施焊,并对焊件进行了QLT(淬火+亚温淬火+回火)处理. 通过拉伸试验、低温冲击试验、金相分析、断口扫描等方法研究了焊接接头的力学性能、显微组织和断口形貌. 结果表明,所研制的药芯焊丝焊接接头抗拉强度为709 MPa,屈服强度为580 MPa,断后伸长率为26%,断面收缩率为47%. 力学性能满足9Ni钢的使用要求. 焊缝的组织为细晶铁素体+针状铁素体. QLT处理使焊缝的低温冲击吸收功从48 J/cm2提升至100 J/cm2,能够明显提高焊缝的低温韧性.     

热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、冲击和金相检验等试验方法对热轧态E36钢12mm中板埋弧焊接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明：采用H10Mn2焊丝＋SJ101烧结焊剂对E36钢中板进行焊接时,接头具有较高的抗拉强度和较好的低温冲击韧性;焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体、先共析铁素体和少量粒状贝氏体;热影响区组织主要为铁素体、珠光体和少量针状铁素体,针状铁素体是接头具有良好力学性能的主要原因。     

等离子弧焊Q345B和430不锈钢异种接头的微观组织与性能

摘要： 采用等离子弧焊对3 mm厚的Q345低合金钢与430不锈钢进行异种钢焊接,并对接头微观组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,当转弧电流为100 A时,等离子弧焊Q345B/430异种钢接头的焊缝组织为均匀分布的马氏体及针状铁素体,焊接接头综合性能优良。随着电流的增大,焊缝组织转变为粗大板条马氏体及铁素体。两侧热影响区组织均发生一定程度的粗化,且Q345B侧热影响区出现魏氏组织。焊接接头于焊缝处显微硬度最大,不同转弧电流条件下异种钢显微硬度分布趋势大致相同。不同转弧电流下,焊接接头抗拉强度均与430不锈钢相近,且均断裂在靠近焊缝的430母材侧,转弧电流为100 A时接头抗拉强度最大值427 MPa。焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能与焊接电流呈负相关趋势。 创新点： 试验结果为铁素体低合金钢与铁素体不锈钢异种钢接头的应用提供了工艺数据与支撑。     

热处理对针状铁素体管线钢强度级别升级的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜、拉伸与冲击试验,研究了热处理对针状铁素体管线钢强度级别升级的影响规律.结果表明,在对反映沉淀析出强化效果的热处理参数的分析和研究的基础上,引入一种非淬火时效工艺,即在低于奥氏体化温度的某一温度进行等温时效,可以大幅度提高针状铁素体管线钢的强度级别.这种非淬火时效促进了微合金碳氮化物在铁素体区进一步沉淀析出.非淬火时效对针状铁素体管线钢强化是行之有效的,为针状铁素体管线钢的强度级别升级提供了新的途径.     

控制热加工下管线钢中针状铁素体的形成

通过对一种商业用管线钢连续冷却相变曲线（CCT）的测定和热模拟实验,研究了过冷奥氏体的相变规律。在此基础上,提出了一种能够得以针状铁素体为主的混合组织的控制热加工工艺制度,并分析了针状体素体的微观特征。结果表明：在实验条件下,增加冷却速度,可明显提高管线钢最终组织中针状铁素体的含量。     

X80管线钢气体保护焊用焊丝的研制

对所研制的焊丝进行了气体保护焊试验,测试了焊缝金属的化学成分、金相组织、冲击韧度、强度、硬度和接头的抗拉强度.金相组织主要为针状铁素体、少量的先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体,用扫描电镜分析了冲击断口的形貌和夹杂物的组成,用透射电镜分析了焊缝金属的微观结构.结果表明,在焊丝中加入微量的Ti-B,可以有效地抑制先共析铁素体的形成,使焊缝获得细小、均匀的针状铁素体组织.焊缝中合金元素形成了弥散分布的细小夹杂物,成为了针状铁素体(AF)的形核质点.针状铁素体内有许多位错团,可以有效地阻止裂纹的扩展,提高冲击韧度.     

薄规格12MnNiVR储罐钢低屈强比控制策略

利用力学性能测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察等方法分析了不同规格调质态12MnNiVR储罐钢显微组织对屈强比的影响。试验结果表明,12MnNiVR钢板淬火后主要组织为马氏体+部分针状铁素体/贝氏体铁素体,18 mm薄规格钢板的针状铁素体体积分数在10%~15%,而33.5 mm厚规格钢板的针状铁素体体积分数可以达到40%以上。通过优化薄规格钢板淬火冷速、淬火温度、回火温度等工艺参数,提高薄规格钢板针状铁素体体积分数,能够降低薄规格钢板屈强比。     

X70级管线钢抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

用三点弯曲方法及SEM?TEM等手段研究了不同组织类型的X70级管线钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)行为?结果表明,显微组织以均匀细小的针状铁素体为主的管线钢具有优良的抗SSCC性能;这主要是源于针状铁素体内高密度缠结的位错和碳氮化物在位错网络上的沉淀析出起到了强烈的氢陷阱作用?