有机硅锆氧烷的研制

通过二有机基硅二醇钠与氯化锆之间的共缩聚反应。制得含锆的硅氧烷聚合物，讨论了反应介质对产物的影响，并对产物作了红外光谱分析，热分析，显微分析。详细探讨了该聚合物的热湿稳定性。     

有机硅氧烷改性苯丙乳液的研究

在苯乙烯—丙烯酸酯乳液共聚反应中,加入少量乙烯基硅氧烷,制得改性苯丙乳液,通过红外光谱初步确定了聚合物结构。研究了乳化剂用量、单体配比、有机硅用量等因素对反应进程、乳液稳定性及涂膜性能的影响。     

有机硅氧烷改性VAE乳液的研究

在醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液（vAE乳液）聚合过程中添加有机硅氧烷单体制备改性VAE乳液。对比分析了不同种类、不同用量的有机硅氧烷对改性vAE乳液性能的影响。确定了有机硅氧烷单体在vAE乳液聚合过程中的最佳添加方式,筛选了聚合引发体系。研究表明,在反应过程中以H2O2--ZFS作为氧化-还原引发体系,选用长链的含水解阻碍官能团的硅氧烷,有机硅氧烷采用后添加的方式,能够合理而有效地控制反应节奏。制备出性能优异的改性VAE乳液。     

溶胶-凝胶过程中有机硅氧烷的自组装行为研究进展

在有机硅氧烷的溶胶-凝胶过程中,常常形成超分子自组装结构,这种自组装行为对前体水解/缩合反应过程具有非常重要的影响。本文从有机硅氧烷分子自身结构影响和外源分子的诱导作用两个方面出发,综述了近年来有关溶胶-凝胶过程中有机硅氧烷自组装行为研究方面的特色工作。分析了该领域未来发展的主要方向,指出设计合成含有独特官能团的有机硅氧烷为前体,引入外源分子,基于外源分子与前体分子之间的相互作用构筑有机硅氧烷超分子体系,利用水解/缩合过程与自组装体系之间的协同作用制备具有长程有序的硅基复合材料,将是该领域未来研究的重点。     

有机硅锆氧烷的研制

通过二有机基硅二醇钠与氯化锆之间的共缩聚反应，制得含锆的硅氧烷聚合物，讨论了反应介质对产物的影响，并对产物作了红外光谱分析、热分析、显微分析。详细探讨了该聚合物的热湿稳定性。     

有机硅氧烷改性醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与性能

采用种子乳液聚合,引入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A-171),以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DSB)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(20)醚(OP-10)作复合乳化剂,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,在反应温度为78±2℃条件下,合成了A-171改性醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。实验采用单体滴加工艺,考察了配方中丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和A-171用量对共聚物性能和乳液聚合过程的影响,并用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、粒度仪和差示量热扫描仪(DSC)对共聚物的结构及性能进行了表征。结果表明,引入w(BA)=10%~15%(相对于配方中单体总质量,下同)、w(MAA)=4%、w(A-171)=1%到VAc-丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液中,共聚物乳液涂膜的吸水率<5.0%,耐寒性通过10个循环,60℃加速贮存稳定性>100 d。     

有机硅氧烷 -丙烯酸酯乳液聚合研究进展

介绍了有机硅-丙烯酸酯乳液聚合物的3种制备方法及各种乳液的特点,对各种乳液的近期研究成果进行了总结。     

原硅酸乙酯的水解缩聚

综述了原硅酸乙酯的水解缩聚反应机理和所形成聚合物之结构。     

有机硅氧烷——丙烯酸酯新型复合材料

本文论述了有机硅氧烷－－丙烯酸酯共聚物的化合改性和合成方法，如接权共聚法、嵌段共聚法，互穿网络法以及溶液和乳液聚合法，同时，介绍了该新型复合材料在国内外的发展概况。     

Removal of organic impurities from the silicon surface by oxygen and UV cleaning

We have studied the effect of oxygen and water vapor on the removal of organic impurities from the porous silicon surface under UV irradiation. Infrared spectrum observations of the treated surface suggest that decomposition of oxygen to produce ozone, atomic oxygen, and hydroxyl radical is a rate determination step for the overall cleaning process.     

改性用有机硅低聚体的合成研究

通过正交实验详细讨论了有机硅低聚体合成工艺的影响因素,结果表明加水量是影响低聚体合成的主要因素,当加水量为完全水解量的60%以下时,能合成贮存性能稳定且适合于改性的有机硅低聚体。     

Modeling of volatile organic compounds condensation in fluidized bed

A model of volatile organic compound condensation in dense fluidized bed was used to simulate a new depollution process by separation in fluidized bed. The volatile compounds are condensed and captured by fluidized porous particles before being renewed in an evaporation reactor and recirculated to the condensation riser. This study shows how a large bed height, a small superficial gas velocity, a cold wall temperature provided that the condensation products that do not turn into solid state give a high and stable abatement rate as well as it provides a good use of the internal porosity of the particles. It is also demonstrated that, as already known after thermodynamics constraints, this condensation process is better adapted to high-concentrated effluent and needs a complementary separation system if regulations are severe.     

The influence of carbon atom distribution in precursors with 1:1 carbon to silicon atoms ratio on structure and thermal evolution of obtained silicon oxycarbide based materials

In this work, a number of precursors with 1:1 silicon to carbon atoms ratio and various carbon atom distributions were synthesized and pyrolyzed in order to obtain silicon oxycarbide based materials. The different carbon atom distributions were obtained using both simple monomers with only one silicon atom, as well as large monomers containing either four or sixteen silicon atoms with predefined carbon atom positions. The silicon oxycarbide based materials were investigated using IR, XRD, ²⁹Si MAS NMR and elemental analysis after annealing at various temperatures, as well as TG. The research shows that carbon atom distribution has great impact on the structure of final material and can be used to tailor the material for its projected uses.     

The enzymatic hydrolysis of triglyceride-phospholipid mixtures in an organic solvent

The abilities of four commercially available lipolytic enzymes [three immobilized lipases—Lipozyme IM-20, SP-435 (Novo Biolabs, Danbury, CT), and AY-30/Celite (Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd., Troy, VA)—and a nonimmobilized Amano phospholipase B preparation] to hydrolyze mixtures of triacylglycerols (TG) and phospholipids (PL) were determined. All of the lipases hydrolyzed both types of substrates in water, with maximum rates of TG hydrolysis exceeding those of PL hydrolysis by between 20- and 200-fold. The phospholipase B preparation was inactive against both TG and PL in water. All the enzymes showed some activity against lipids in hexane. The amount of activity was sharply dependent on the amount of water added to the reaction. Lipozyme IM-20 and AY-30/Celite hydrolyzed both TG and PL in hexane. Their estimated initial activities were between 10- and 100-fold lower than those in water. Complete hydrolysis of the TG (measured as the hydrolysis of at least one ester bond in each molecule) was achieved, whereas only 40–60% of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were hydrolyzed. Lipase SP-435 was inactive against TG in hexane but hydrolyzed PC at a rate comparable to that seen in water, and it achieved complete hydrolysis of this substrate. Amano phospholipase B was inactive against TG in hexane but completely hydrolyzed the PC. The abilities of the enzymes to hydrolyze the TG, PC, and PE components of soybean soapstock, a by-product of edible oil production, were also examined. Lipozyme IM-20 hydrolyzed all the TG and a fraction of the PL in soapstock. SP-435 and AY-30/Celite were active only on soapstock that had been acidified prior to being dissolved in hexane. SP-435 displayed significant activity only toward PE under these conditions, whereas AY-30/Celite was active only toward TG. Phospholipase B was inactive against soapstock in hexane. The identity of the acid used in the acidification of soapstock affected the degree of hydrolysis by AY-30/Celite, with nitric and hydrochloric acids giving the best activity.     

Polyamide hydrolysis accelerated by small weak organic acids

It is well known that acidity, pH, of a solution accelerates the hydrolysis of soluble amides. Here we describe the unexpected result that weak small organic acids at low concentrations hydrolyze a polyamide at rates approximately twice that of a water HCl solution of the same pH. The effect of three small organic acids in dilute solutions, acetic, propanoic, and butanoic was studied. It is observed that the effect on the hydrolysis rate increases as the organic acid gets weaker. Butanoic, the weakest acid, has the strongest effect on increasing the hydrolysis rate. Measurements on the concentration of these acids in the polyamide reveal that there is a selective desire for these weak organic acids to diffuse into the polyamide. The concentration of these acids in the polyamide is found to be several multiples of the concentration in the water environment. And the acid concentration is highest for butanoic. The hydrolysis rate is shown to be governed by solubility, not pH of the water environment. The longer hydrocarbon tail on the carboxylic group increases its compatibility with the polyamide's monomer structure. Results are reported on the hydrolysis of polyamide-11 polymerized from aminoundecanoic acid, both neat and a commercial plasticized composition, placed in water at 100 °C and 120 °C under anaerobic conditions in high pressure glass tubes.     

Kinetics and mechanism of N-substituted amide hydrolysis in high-temperature water

N-methylacetamide (NMA) served as a model to investigate the hydrolysis kinetics and mechanism of N-substituted amides in high-temperature water. The major products are acetic acid and methylamine, and the reaction is reversible. The hydrolysis reaction is first order in water and first order in NMA at both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The hydrolysis rate is also pH dependent, and three distinct regions of pH dependence exist. At low and high pH, the conversion increased rapidly with added acid and base, respectively. At near-neutral pH, however, the rate was essentially insensitive to changes in pH. Further investigation revealed that the hydrolysis rate constant was very sensitive to the size of the substituent on the carbonyl carbon atom. An S_N2 mechanism with water as the nucleophile appears to be a likely candidate for the hydrolysis mechanism in high-temperature water at near-neutral conditions.     

液体荧光增白剂CI220工艺研究

液体荧光增白剂属于双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯型结构,该助剂在纤维上具有很高的坚牢度,其最显著特点是对pH的稳定性强,对漂白纸浆有直接性和连接性,也可用于浆内添加,表面施胶、涂布、喷涂。通过对液体荧光增白剂CI220的合成工艺条件进行优化,并应用纳滤膜除盐浓缩,使产品在液体状态下稳定存放,在生产过程不产生废酸、废碱、废渣,属于清洁生产工艺,产品质优价廉,具有较高的经济价值。     

Removal of volatile organic compounds by cryogenic condensation followed by adsorption

Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gaseous effluents by cryogenic condensation and adsorption has been studied. Mathematical models have been developed to predict the extent of removal of a binary mixture of VOCs in air by these two methods under a wide range of operating conditions. The model results are verified with the published work. A model parametric study carried out in this work suggests that if the concentrations of VOCs in the effluent stream vary over a wide range, condensation followed by adsorption is an effective technique to control the emissions. Condensation is found to be suitable if the VOCs emission levels are high (>1%). On the other hand, if the emission levels are low i.e. parts per millions (ppm) or sub ppm, adsorption is a preferred technique for removing the VOCs from the effluent stream. The model results in this work have significance from the perspective of understanding the mechanism of removal of VOCs by these two methods, determining the key operating parameters that control the removal process and also, defining an effective VOC control strategy.     

二嗪磷缩合工艺研究进展

综述了有机磷杀虫剂二嗪磷的缩合工艺研究进展。