Mitigation of voltage sags, imbalances and harmonics in sensitive industrial loads by means of a series power line conditioner

Power quality is a very important topic nowadays. Sensitive industrial equipment should be protected against steady-state distortions and temporary transients in the distribution lines. Typical disturbances that affect the voltage waveform quality are harmonics, imbalances and sags. This paper presents a solution to protect sensitive loads against voltage disturbances that is based on a series power line conditioner. The goal of the proposed design is that the load does not suffer considerable input voltage variations. To achieve that, a Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller and a reference generator block based on a low-gain PLL are used, which avoids a sag detection block. Furthermore, a frequency adaptation loop is included in the PR controller, which provides a proper controller operation even with utility grid frequency deviations. Finally, a hardware in the loop (HIL) test rig is used to validate the system.     

不平衡电压跌落下新能源场站的主动电压支撑控制

电网电压跌落时,静止无功发生器(Static Var Generator,SVG)和逆变型新能源都能够主动支撑电网电压,但存在支撑能力不足、电流越限等运行风险.根据新能源场站的实际无功配置情况,提出了一种基于静止无功发生器(Static Var Generator,SVG)与新能源发电单元的无功协调控制策略,提高了新能...     

自动电压控制下的地区电网电压无功运行状态评估指标体系

为从电压无功协调控制角度评估地区电网的电压无功运行状态,并量化造成运行状态不佳的原因,针对采用自动电压控制的地区电网,提出了一套电压无功运行状态评估指标体系。该指标体系以电网实际量测值为基础数据,基于地区电网的电压无功考核标准和控制策略,构建出三类评估指标:区域电源母线电压合格程度及其不合格原因评估指标、区域关口无功合格程度及其不合格原因评估指标、区域负荷无功平衡程度及其不平衡原因评估指标。通过对广东汕头地区电网的电压无功运行状态进行评估,验证了所提指标的正确性和有效性。所得结果可为地区电网运行参数设置、控制策略优化和无功补偿设备配置提供建议。     

An optimized compensation strategy ofDVR for micro-grid voltage sag

Introduction: This paper uses a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve the voltage quality from voltage sags. It is difficult to satisfy various of compensation quality and time of the voltage sag by using single compensation method. Furthermore, high-power consumption of the phase jump compensation increases the size and cost of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Methods & Results: In order to improve the compensating efficiency of DVR, an optimized compensation strategy is proposed for voltage sag of micro-grid caused by interconnection and sensitive loads. The proposed compensation strategy increases the supporting time for long voltage sags. Discussion: Firstly, the power flow and the maximum compensation time of DVR are analyzed using three basic compensation strategies. Then, the phase jump is corrected by pre-sag compensation. And a quadratic transition curve, which involves the injected voltage phases of pre-sag strategy and minimum energy strategy, is used to transform pre-sag compensation to minimum energy compensation of DVR. Conclusions: The transition utilizes the storage system to reduce the rate of discharge. As a result, the proposed strategy increases the supporting time for long voltage sags. The analytical study shows that the presented method significantly increases compensation time of DVR. The simulation results performed by MATLAB/SIMULINK also confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A flexible power control strategy for rotor-side converter of DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage sags

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely applied in variable-speed wind energy conversion system. The disconnection of a substantial amount of DFIG may arouse the instability problem of power system, thus wind power generators have to remain connected during short-time grid faults. As a result, the voltage sag will lead to overcurrent and overvoltage in the rotor winding of a DFIG, moreover the unbalanced voltage sags will also cause serious fluctuations in its electromagnetic torque and output power. This paper studies the relationship of the stator instantaneous powers with the three-phase stator voltage and rotor current of a DFIG under unbalanced grid voltages. A generalized formula of current reference for the rotor-side converter of DFIG is constructed by introducing continuous adjustment coefficients. Meanwhile, the analytical equations of rotor peak current, stator active and reactive power fluctuations are derived to characterize the operating performance of DFIG. The impacts of adjustment coefficients on DFIG control performance and the feasible region of coefficients restrained by the rotor current constraint are discussed. In consideration of the rotor current limit, the flexible power control strategy for DFIG in unity power factor mode (UPFM) and reactive power supporting mode (RPSM) is presented. The correctness of proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment tests of single-DFIG and multi-DFIG systems.     

含电压源换流器的交直流混联电网无功优化模型

随着厦门柔性直流输电工程的建成投运,福建电网形成了以柔性直流输电通道与交流输电通道环网运行的交直流混联电网。为解决含柔性直流的交直流混联电网的无功优化控制问题,提出了一个含电压源换流器的无功优化模型,并采用分支定界法及原对偶内点法求解。所提模型及求解方法已在福建电网自动电压控制系统中进行了测试,实现了对辖区范围内机组、容抗器、有载调压抽头和电压源换流器等各类无功电压调节策略的在线实时优化计算,取得了较好的测试效果。     

省地协调自动电压控制(AVC)实现方法的研究

对省地协调电压控制的实现方法进行了研究,基于对控制灵敏度问题求解讨论,提出了省地协调的最优潮流(OPF)模型及实现算法、协调二级电压控制(CSVC)模型与实现算法。该算法在综合考虑协调控制时约束条件之间关系的基础上给出了协调控制的设定值。给出了协调控制模式下部分中枢母线电压的计算结果及网损分析结论,结论表明电压协调控制模式有效提高了电网的经济效益和安全性。     

交流架空线对平行埋地钢制管道感性耦合的计算研究

随着城市发展和能源需求的持续增大,交流架空输电线路对埋地钢制管道的电磁影响问题愈加突出。而传统方法主要利用电磁场仿真或大地回路等效模型实现耦合电压的计算,其方法复杂且耗时长。针对上述问题,提出了一种针对交流架空输电线路正常运行时对平行埋地钢制管道耦合电压的计算方法。文中首先建立计及多因素影响的单位长度管道耦合电压计算模型,其次通过分析绝缘连接和管道破损等因素对感性耦合电压最低点位置的偏移作用,给出了最低点位置的计算方法以确定管道耦合电压分布形式,最后提出了基于单位长度管道感性耦合电压增量和耦合电压分布形式的管道耦合电压计算方法。实例分析表明,相比于仿真值和实测值,其误差低于10%,能对管道耦合电压进行合理计算。     

考虑线路潮流波动对母线电压影响的特高压交流电网电压控制策略

为了提升特高压交流电网母线电压的控制效果,根据特高压电网建设现状,分析了线路潮流波动对母线电压的影响,提出了以削弱电网潮流波动对特高压母线电压影响程度为最终目的,以电压控制实际值与目标值之差最小和系统动态无功储备增量最大为目标函数的控制策略.针对线路无功潮流对母线电压的影响,在目标函数中引入变电站间的无功电压灵敏度系数...     

Lower speed range drive for sensorless vector controlled induction machines with stator voltage offset compensation method

The vector control method is widely used for induction machine drives. Recently, sensorless vector control for induction machines has been investigated and proposed. The speed range for the drives is limited to about 1:100 in industry. The main reason for this limitation is the inaccuracy of stator voltage measurement. The lower the rotor speed is, the lower the stator voltage. Therefore, it is difficult to detect the stator voltage accurately in the lower speed region, and difficult to control motor speed and motor torque precisely. This paper presents a method of improving the lower speed performance of sensorless vector controlled induction machine drives using offset compensation of stator voltage. The offset is compensated by using the fluctuation of the estimated rotor flux. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experimentation. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(1): 79–86, 2000     

一种降低三电平逆变器中性点电压交流纹波的新方法

针对三电平中点箝位(NPC)逆变器的中点电位平衡问题,基于载波脉宽调制的中点电压的交流不平衡分析,提出了一种降低中性点电压交流纹波的精确补偿方法。该方法通过向相电压占空比注入一个最佳补偿值来消除中性点电压的交流不平衡,对所需注入的最佳补偿值进行了准确的数学计算。并根据计算结果分析了完全消除中点电压交流纹波所受的限制,及由此决定的中性点交流纹波电压降低法的适用范围。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了三电平逆变器的仿真模型,并对该方法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明了所提方法是正确且有效的。     

An innovative technique to evaluate network equivalent for voltage stability assessment in a widespread sub-grid system

The equivalent two-bus network models currently available are obtained by lumping all the series impedances and shunt admittances of transmission lines within a series equivalent impedance, to assess voltage stability of multi-bus power system. This paper reports the development of an equivalent pi-network model using a new methodology considering series and shunt parts of line loss separately obtained from the operational parameters of optimal power flow solution of the original multi-bus power network, which can be applied to assess the overall voltage stability status of the system accurately by developing the concept of a generalized global voltage stability margin (GVSM). Simulation results for a typical longitudinal power supply (LPS) system and a robust practical (Indian Eastern Grid) system establish that the pi-equivalent model obtained by the proposed method is highly promising for assessing voltage stability of any power system at any operating point in global scenario in a better way as compared to available series equivalent model. Continuation power flow (CPF) method has also been adopted here to verify the potential of the proposed method for voltage stability assessment. In the proposed equivalent network the generators have been modeled more accurately considering optimal operating criteria.     

An energy optimized control scheme for a transformerless DVR

The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is considered as the most effective and economic solution for voltage disturbances. This paper presents an energy optimized control scheme for a transformerless DVR. The DVR structure is based on a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to eliminate the need of insertion transformers. The proposed control algorithm maintains a balanced load-side voltage even during the compensation of unbalanced disturbances with a minimum active power injection. Moreover, the proposed scheme maximizes the ride-though capability of the DVR during voltage sags. This feature is verified by using capacitors instead of dc sources as energy storage elements for the DVR. Furthermore, the proposed minimum energy scheme prevents the rise in the dc-side voltage of the inverter when compensating voltage swells. The performance of the proposed DVR system is evaluated for compensating different types of voltage disturbances. The results validate the robustness and the accuracy of the proposed system.     

大容量调相机参与下特高压交直流电力系统 稳态电压协同控制

提出了一种大容量调相机参与下特高压交直流混联系统稳态电压协同控制新策略。首先研究了大容量调相机的稳态出力与其暂态电压支撑能力的关系,在充分保证调相机暂态电压支撑能力前提下,提出了其稳态出力确定方法。在此基础上,提出了大容量调相机参与下,换流站站域无功补偿设备与近区交流电网自动电压控制(AVC)的协同控制策略。基于EPRI-36节点系统,分析了特高压换流站运行方式以及近区交流电网无功负荷变化场景下,特高压换流站站域与近区电网AVC独立控制、协同控制以及计及调相机作用的协同控制3种方式下的控制效果,验证了所提控制策略的优越性和先进性。     

MMC柔性直流输电系统网侧故障时紧急功率支援控制

为了解决MMC-HVDC(Modular Multilevel Converter Based on HVDC,MMC-HVDC)交流侧系统故障时的过流问题,以及增强MMC换流器的低压穿越能力,通过对换流器功率数学模型及控制方式进行分析,发现了换流器有功和无功功率解耦的PI控制方式。提出了当交流侧发生对称和不对称故障时,通过控制PI值限制功率输出,同时由交流电压偏差有效值生成正负序补偿电流的紧急功率支援控制策略。将这种控制策略添加到电磁暂态仿真系统当中,当系统网侧发生对称或不对称故障时,利用数值仿真技术分析了换流器阀侧的电能质量。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制方法对故障时过流抑制的有效性,同时增强了换流器的低压穿越能力。     

基于连续潮流法及内点法的交直流负荷裕度算法

基于连续潮流法和原始-对偶内点法,提出了一种新的分段求解交直流系统负荷裕度方法。首先根据直流系统的调节特性,运用连续潮流法计算初始运行点到直流控制方式调整点系统的负荷增量。然后基于交直流网络间的耦合关系,推导得到交直流系统的Jacob i、Hessian矩阵,进而运用原始-对偶内点法求解直流控制方式改变后交直流系统的负荷裕度。该方法具有较好的收敛性,且能方便考虑直流量的约束和控制方式调整的问题,并经算例仿真验证该方法的准确性和快速收敛性。     

一种利用小扰动电压偏离确定无功源配置地点的方法

提出了一种利用小扰动电压偏离配置无功源的方法。该方法根据就地无功补偿原则,兼顾系统不同运行方式,将系统发生无功小扰动之后,平均电压偏离较大的负荷节点作为补偿地点。在IEEE118节点系统上的仿真结果表明了该方法选出的补偿节点位于负荷中心附近或远离发电机的位置,具有较好的鲁棒性,能够有效降低网损。     

真双极直流配电网有功-电压分布式二级控制策略

采用下垂控制的真双极直流配电网存在负荷分配不合理以及正负极电压不平衡问题,导致换流器利用率降低、额外损耗增加,并且影响系统稳定性。为了实现负荷合理分配以及抑制正负极电压不平衡,提出了一种真双极直流配电网有功-电压分布式二级控制策略。该策略按照第二级控制功能将电压源换流器(VSC)分类,交换相邻VSC间的信息。在此基础上,逐步迭代得到相应的功率和电压收敛值,并计算得到电压调节量。由此进一步改变下垂控制参考电压值,从而实现负荷的合理分配以及抑制电压不平衡。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了真双极直流配电网模型,仿真结果验证了该策略的有效性和可靠性。     

光伏发电系统并网点谐波电压波动特征孤岛检测法

光伏发电系统并网点处的谐波电压由系统扰动、本地负荷和光伏发电系统共同确定,基于波动量法提出一种以并网点谐波电压波动量为特征的光伏发电系统孤岛检测方法。测量公共联结点谐波电压,用小波变换法提取测量电压中包含的高次谐波分量,以高次谐波电压波动量变化规律作为孤岛识别和检测指标,无需外加扰动,可消除检测盲区。基于IEEE.Std 1547标准,对理想光伏发电并网系统进行的仿真证明,利用并网点测量电压中包含的谐波电压波动量进行孤岛检测,当测量点处的电压和频率在正常范围内时,不仅可快速、准确地检测孤岛,还能准确识别电网故障引起的电压暂降、投切负荷等干扰,避免伪孤岛引起的检测错误。     

配电网电压控制的分布式光伏无功仿射可调鲁棒优化方法

随着高比例分布式光伏发电并网引发的配电网电压波动越限问题,提出基于仿射可调鲁棒优化的分布式光伏无功功率调节方法.首先,通过建立以配电网有功网损和节点电压偏差最小化的综合优化模型,采用多面体线性化方法将综合优化模型转化为二次规划模型.然后,在考虑分布式光伏有功出力预算不确定性集的基础上,通过对偶变换将鲁棒优化模型转化为确...