Novel active filter system composed of inverter bypass circuit for suppression of harmonic resonance

We have developed a novel harmonic compensation system consisting of shunt LC filters on the load side, a step‐down transformer on the receiving end, and a small‐capacity active filter with one end connected to the secondary winding of the transformer and the other to the load bus. The active filter which constitutes the bypass circuit for the main service transformer is current‐controlled to give adequate damping of the harmonic resonance caused by the inductance behind the load bus, especially at lower harmonic frequencies. We have installed this new compensation system in combination with a TCR‐type SVC and shunt LC filters at the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line. We present an outline of the reactive power and harmonic current compensation systems, and harmonic resonance test results which show satisfactory performance of the active filter. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(1): 82–90, 1999     

基于陷波控制的LCL型光伏并网逆变器谐波谐振抑制研究

为研究光伏并网谐波谐振现象,针对LCL型光伏并网系统,建立了光伏并网逆变器数学模型,采用频域分析方法研究多台逆变器并网时的谐波谐振问题。建立单台和多台逆变器并联的输出阻抗模型,研究不同并联台数情况下逆变器谐波谐振特性和多并网逆变器相互间的耦合关系。在此基础上,提出逆变器的陷波控制方法抑制光伏并网系统的谐波谐振。仿真结果表明,该方法滤波效果好、能够抑制LCL型光伏并网系统的谐波谐振,同时对电网背景谐波噪声也具有较好的抑制效果。     

背景谐波电压对混合型有源滤波器的影响及对策

结合已有的工程经验,分别从整个混合滤波系统和有源部分的电压型逆变装置2个层面开展谐波电压对并联混合型有源滤波器影响的分析,得出谐波电压可能导致系统谐振以及直流侧电压抬升的结论。在此基础上,提出在开始设计混合滤波系统参数时就考虑相关参数的配合以避免与系统发生谐振并尽可能降低有源部分谐波分压,同时对直流侧电压采取合适的控制策略或设置有效的泄放回路以防止其飙升等方法来有效消除谐波电压对装置性能的影响,最后通过仿真实验进行了验证。     

电力系统局部电路谐波谐振产生原因分析及对策

对在谐波源产生的谐波作用下,电力系统局部电路发生串、并联谐振的原因进行深入分析,论述了电力系统运行中较常见的电磁式电压互感器铁芯饱和引起的谐波谐振的发生原理,针对谐波谐振过电压的危害提出了预防和应对措施,通过减少谐波源,限制注入电网的谐波电流和采取措施使系统参数处于谐振范围之外来预防和抑制谐波谐振的发生。     

并联型APF比例谐振控制优化研究

配电系统的最新趋势表明,非线性负载的使用将在未来呈现上升的趋势,因此研究了并联型有源滤波器,用来消除谐波,从而提升电能质量。使用一种无谐波检测方法,从而使补偿精度不再受负载电流检测精度的影响,输出电流波形的控制使用一种优化的准比例谐振控制器完成。在并联型有源滤波器主电路系统结构的基础上,提出了一种电压电流双闭环及电流比例负反馈的准比例谐振优化控制方案。最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink对所提优化控制方案进行仿真,所提出优化控制的可行性通过仿真实验得到充分验证。     

Suppression of parallel resonance and mitigation of harmonic distortion through shunt active power compensation

In this contribution a solution to the parallel resonance problem that can be present in practical applications of shunt Active Power Filter (APF) compensation is proposed. The proposed solution involves turning the shunt APF scheme of compensation into a Shunt Hybrid Filter (SHF) configuration. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)-based switching controller was specifically designed for this hybrid scheme of compensation, maintaining stringent performance requirements on the tracking of filtering currents and the draining of the harmonic ripple currents. Results obtained with Matlab/Simulink® illustrate an effective and sound system of compensation which also reduces the necessary KVA rating of the APF.     

降低逆变器容量的混合有源电力滤波器控制方式

针对一种降低逆变器容量的混合有源电力滤波器,详细介绍了其在三种控制方式下的工作原理、性能特点和等效电路,搭建了容量为10kV.A的混合有源电力滤波器实验样机,并进行了三种控制方式的实验和分析.实验结果表明,采用复合控制方式,该结构中逆变器容量仅为整个滤波器容量的4.42%,而该滤波器投入后,电网电流总谐波畸变率从26.95%下降到4.25%,补偿效果良好且优于其他两种控制方式.     

Combined system of a series active filter and a shunt passive filter—an optimum design of the shunt passive filter

The combined system of a series active filter and a shunt passive filter that is proposed by the authors has the ability to eliminate a major disadvantage of shunt passive filters, namely, harmonic amplification. The series active filter needs a much smaller kVA rating than a conventional shunt active filter, and as a result, the combined system has good filtering characteristics and high efficiency. This paper presents an optimum design of the shunt passive filter that makes possible a great reduction in the required kVA rating of the series active filter. It can minimize the peak voltage across the series active filter and reduce the required kVA rating of the filter to 60 percent. A computer simulation geared to practical applications of large three-phase. twelve-pulse thyristor rectifiers is used to compare the compensation characteristics of the optimized system with those of a combined system that uses a conventional shunt passive filter. Experimental results obtained with a laboratory model of the filter corroborate the design approach.     

有源滤波器在不同网络中的应用分析

介绍了并联型有源滤波器对谐波抑制的作用。基于电压检测控制的并联型有源电力滤波器相当于一个有源阻尼,对谐波分量呈现出阻抗特性,除了具有抑制谐波进入电网的能力之外,还能阻尼谐波共振。将并联型有源电力滤波器应用于两种不同类型的电力线网络,然后评估其在不同类型网络结构中的滤波和阻尼共振的性能。第一种电力网为220 V配电网,第二种电力网为简化的150 k V太阳能发电网络,容量为444.4 MVA。并且使用谐波共振模态分析和计算参与因数的方法来确定有源滤波器的最佳安置位置,使有源滤波器滤波和抑制共振的效果最优。     

双谐振注入混合型有源电力滤波器特性

在分析双谐振注入混合型有源电力滤波器(Double Resonance Injection Hybrid Active Power Filter, DIHAPF)结构和工作原理的基础上,建立了DIHAPF的系统控制模型及包括控制器的电压型逆变器的数学模型。从无功功率静态补偿能力和谐波分压特性两方面分析了DIHAPF注入支路特性,同时研究了DIHAPF的系统稳定性和谐波补偿特性,着重探讨了并联谐振支路谐振频率对系统性能的影响,提出了注入支路谐振频率设计方法。将非线性负载等效为谐波电流源,在PSIM6.0软件平台搭建DIHAPF模型进行仿真验证,并通过6 kV实验样机进行了实验研究。仿真和实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

混合有源电力滤波器新型控制策略及稳定性分析

在分析混合型有源电力滤波器(HAPF)工作原理的基础上,对其两种控制策略下谐波和谐振抑制特性进行了分析和对比,提出了同时检测电源谐波电流和电源谐波电压来控制HAPF输出电流的新型控制策略,应用劳斯判据对其稳定性进行了详细分析,分析结果表明系统变得稳定,谐波补偿效果变得理想。仿真及实验结果验证了本文所述控制策略在谐波控制及系统稳定的有效性和可靠性。     

注入式混合型有源电力滤波器的研究

根据配电网10kV高压侧对大容量谐波抑制与无功补偿的要求,提出注入式混合型有源电力滤波器拓扑结构(IHAPF),详细阐述了IHAPF的谐波抑制特性.同时结合某铜箔厂大型整流装置谐波抑制和无功补偿的工程实例,介绍了IHAPF的设计方法和软硬件构成,并从项目成本和治理效果两方面分析了IHAPF的应用优势.     

Analysis of harmonic propagation in a power distribution system: An application of a distributed constant‐circuit model

This paper discusses harmonic propagation and damping in a long‐distance distribution feeder having many capacitors for power factor correction, and presents harmonic damping characteristics of a shunt active filter based on voltage detection. A distributed constant‐circuit model for the feeder is derived to perform analysis with the focus on harmonic propagation and damping. As a result, it is clarified by theory and experiment that harmonic propagation throughout the feeder can be mitigated by installing the active filter, which acts as a harmonic terminator, on the end terminal of the feeder. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 73–81, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1148     

Experimental verification of the effect of a voltage‐detection‐based shunt active filter for harmonic damping throughout a power distribution line

This paper is focused on a voltage‐detection‐based shunt active filter for installation on a power distribution system. A main objective of the active filter is to achieve damping of harmonic propagation coming from series/parallel resonance between capacitors for power factor correction and line inductors in the distribution system. The active filter installed at the end terminal of a distribution feeder is controlled in such a way as to present infinite impedance to the external circuit for the fundamental frequency, and to exhibit low resistance for harmonic frequencies. As a result, the active filter acts as a damping resistor for the harmonic propagation, like a 50‐Ω terminator installed at the end of a signal transmission line. It is verified by experiment that the active filter intended for harmonic termination has the capability of harmonic damping throughout the distribution feeder. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(2): 1–10, 2000     

并网逆变器用LCL滤波器新型有源阻尼控制

针对并网逆变器用LCL输出滤波器的不稳定性,在分析LCL滤波器无源阻尼控制算法的基础上,提出了一种基于电容电流估计的三闭环LCL滤波器有源阻尼控制算法.算法引入电容电流内环以抑制系统不稳定的现象,电容电流信号通过估计过程得到.定性分析了提出算法的稳定性.因省去了以往无源阻尼控制算法中用以抑制系统谐振而增加的阻尼电阻,而...     

单相全桥模块化并联型有源电力滤波器的研究

针对电网中的非线性负荷量大幅攀升,介绍了单相全桥模块化并联型有源电力滤波器。进行了仿真与分析,并且设计与实现了一个最大补偿电流为100 A的应用于三相四线制电网中的并联型有源电力滤波器系统。该系统主要实现在非线性负载和电网之间注入与谐波电流幅值相等极性相反的补偿电流抵消非线性负载产生的谐波,从而达到滤除电网中电流谐波的功能,涉及到的主要工作有系统的软硬件设计以及系统内部各个模块之间的协同工作。     

LCL型多逆变器并网系统谐振研究综述

多逆变器并网系统谐振将威胁电网的稳定运行。由于具备较好滤波效果,LCL型滤波器常被作为并网逆变器的输出滤波器。鉴于近年来又有很多LCL型多逆变器并网系统谐振机理分析和抑制方法被提出,有必要进一步梳理和总结。首先,介绍了多逆变器并网发电系统电路拓扑及等效电路。然后,梳理了频域分析法、模态分析法和多输入多输出模型分析法的基本概念及其在系统谐振机理分析中取得的新成果。接着,重点介绍了有源阻尼法、阻抗重塑法和采用有源阻尼器在系统谐振抑制方面的优点和局限性,揭示了虚拟电阻和陷波器的应用是上述方法的关键技术。同时,还分析了分层控制、控制器参数优化以及系统配置优化在系统谐振抑制方面的应用。最后,从新型电力系统建设趋势的角度,认为多逆变器并网系统正朝着大规模、多参数和不同控制方法并用的复杂系统方向发展,需要多种分析方法相结合才能准确分析其谐振机理。对于多逆变器并网谐振的抑制方法而言,传统有源阻尼法、阻抗重塑法和有源阻尼器将得到进一步深入研究,谐振在线监测技术或将成为该研究新的突破口。     

电网谐波功率潮流方向与电力滤波器的应用

分析了电网谐波功率潮流方向对其安装的无源滤波器和有源滤波器的影响,证明了只有根据电网谐波功率潮流的方向和谐波源类型来确定所使用的滤波器及其工作方式才能达到预期的滤波效果。     

基于线性滤波器的三相四线制谐波电流检测

针对三相四线制电力系统的结构特点及现有谐波检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于二维线性滤波器和瞬时对称分量计算的不对称三相四线制谐波电流检测新算法。该算法的检测原理是利用二维线性滤波器分别检测出各相不对称基波电流,通过改进瞬时对称分量法得到各相电流基波正序分量,从而检测出各相谐波电流。理论推导和Simulink仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确快速地检测出三相四线制电力系统中的谐波电流及无功电流,具有较好的动静态性能。     

有源滤波技术现状及其发展

随着各种功率器件的广泛应用，大量的谐波和无功电流注入电网，引起电网污染，造成电网电能质量问题日益严重。过去，国内外大量采用无源滤波装置来进行谐波抑制和无功补偿，提高功率因数。但无源滤波装置也存在着自身无法克服的不足和缺陷，因此有源滤波技术成为近几十年以来学术和工程界的研究热点。本文对有源滤波技术的历史发展作了简要回顾，详细介绍了有源滤波器的分类，重点比较了现有的和提出的有源滤波器信号检测以及控制方法，同时展望了有源滤波器的发展前景。这些技术的发展可使有源滤波器获得更好的性能和更广泛的应用。