水产养殖投入品中药物残留检测方法研究及现状分析

目的建立不同类别水产养殖投入品中氯霉素类、孔雀石绿、己烯雌酚、磺胺类和喹诺酮类等5类14种药物残留的检测方法,用于调查和评价水产养殖投入品中药物残留现状。方法利用液相色谱-串联质谱仪和酶标仪,结合固相萃取等前处理净化方法,建立投入品中14种药物残留的检测技术,并用于实际水产养殖饲料样品、防治病药物和水质环境改良剂样品中药物残留含量的测定。结果饲料样品中5类药物检出率为62.5%,防治病药物中检出率为8.33%,水质环境改良剂中均未检出这5类药物残留。另外,检出药物品种主要为氟苯尼考和少量喹诺酮类,皆未超出国家限量。结论初步评估了投入品在水产养殖中的潜在风险:在水产养殖饲料样品中普遍添加国家限用药物,监管部门应加强其生产和使用管理;在防治病药物中需要注意药物的有效成分和比例;而目前水质改良剂相对比较安全,可根据需要放心使用。     

高效液相色谱法检测水产品中抗生素药物残留分析

为了能够有效检测出水产品中的抗生素药物残留成分,将高效液相色谱法应用在实际检测工作中能够有效提高检测的质量与保证检测结果的准确性,因此就需要针对高效液相色谱法检测水产品中的抗生素药物残留进行分析,以便能够确保检测出水产品中的实际抗生素药物残留成分。本文根据高效液相色谱法检测水产品中抗生素药物残留的试验方法进行研究,进而对高效液相色谱法检测水产品中抗生素药物残留的结果进行分析,以更好掌握目前水产品中抗生素药物的残留现状。     

渔业养殖环境中抗生素残留检测与控制技术研究进展

养殖环境是渔业发展的重要基础,但由于养殖模式的改变和养殖环境的恶化,水生动物疾病频发。抗生素被应用于水产养殖的各个环节,可促进生物体的生长和预防、治疗疾病。水产养殖是水环境中抗生素的污染源之一,环境中抗生素污染受到广泛关注。养殖环境中的抗生素检测及控制技术对水产品的质量安全以及渔业生态建设意义重大。本文主要从水产养殖过程中抗生素使用状况和残留水平、水环境中抗生素的检测技术及消除技术3个方面进行阐述。2013年我国抗生素使用总量达16.2万吨,水产养殖中用得最多、最广的抗生素包括大环内酯类、β-酰胺类、磺胺类、四环素类以及喹诺酮类5大类。近年地表水中抗生素的检出率较高,而水产养殖业被认为是重要来源之一。结合固相萃取法(solid phase extraction,SPE)的色谱和质谱分析技术广泛应用于水环境中抗生素的检测,这些方法对水中同一类多种抗生素和不同类多种抗生素的检测均十分有效。水环境中抗生素的消除技术主要包括物理消除法、光降解法、化学消除法、生物消除法等。本文旨在为渔业养殖水环境的中抗生素监测与治理提供参考。     

现场快速检测在水产品药物残留监管中的应用 及发展建议

近年来食品安全越来越受重视,其中水产品药物残留问题已为群众关心、领导关注、进口国关切的敏感问题。现场快速检测技术具有高效、快速、简便等特点,越来越受到水产品质量安全监管部门的青睐。通过概述化学比色法、酶联免疫法和胶体金免疫层析法等常见现场快速检测方法及其在水产品药物残留检测方面的应用情况,从技术研发和推广应用两个层面分析现场快速检测在水产品药物残留监管应用中存在的问题,提出建立快速检测产品推广应用机制,加强快速检测产品使用者实际操作能力的培训以及加强快速检测产品配套硬件条件建设等切实可行的发展建议,为从事水产品质量安全监管及快速检测技术研究工作的人员供参考。     

现场快速检测在水产品药物残留监管中的应用及发展建议

近年来食品安全越来越受重视,其中水产品药物残留问题已成为广泛关注的敏感问题。现场快速检测技术具有高效、快速、简便等特点,越来越受到水产品质量安全监管部门的青睐。通过概述化学比色法、酶联免疫法和胶体金免疫层析法等常见现场快速检测方法及其在水产品药物残留检测方面的应用情况,从技术研发和推广应用两个层面分析现场快速检测在水产品药物残留监管应用中存在的问题,提出建立快速检测产品推广应用机制,加强快速检测产品使用者实际操作能力的培训以及加强快速检测产品配套硬件条件建设等切实可行的发展建议,为从事水产品质量安全监管及快速检测技术研究工作的人员提供参考。     

养殖对虾中氯霉素残留的放射免疫分析

采用放射免疫分析法测定了湛江市水产市场3份新鲜养殖对虾及2份出口养殖对虾氯霉素残留量。结果表明，本方法的检测限量为0．15ppb，3份新鲜养殖对虾体内氯霉素残留量均大于0．15ppb，2份出口养殖对虾氯霉素残留量均小于0．15ppb，提示放射免疫分析法可作为水产品中氯霉素残留量的有效检测手段。     

毛细管电泳法分析食品中残留抗生素的研究进展

食品中残留的抗生素是影响食品安全质量的因素之一,严重影响着动物类食品的质量。综述毛细管电泳技术检测方法的特点,以及应用该法检测食品中β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类、四环类等几种抗生素的研究进展。     

分子印迹技术在药物残留检测中的应用

作为一种新型、高效的分离与分子识别技术,分子印迹因其制备简单、特异性识别能力强、具有较好的化学和物理稳定性,近几年广泛应用在药物残留检测领域。本文重点对分子印迹技术在固相萃取、色谱分离、膜分离和传感器等方面的研究进行了总结,并分析目前该技术存在的缺点和改进方向,为更好地将分子印迹技术应用于药物残留分析提供了参考。     

动物性食品中磺胺类药物残留分析研究进展

介绍了动物性食品中磺胺类药物残留的来源和危害,着重对动物性食品中常见的磺胺类药物残留的分析方法进行了综述,为研究最有效的检测方法奠定了基础。     

市售纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的检测

为了解山西省太谷县所销售纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的情况，随机采购此种牛奶50份，分别采用TTC法、微生物检测法和酶标免疫分析法对样品进行抗生素残留检测，以农业部2001年发布的“无公害食品”牛奶中不得检出抗生素为判定标准。TTC法检测出4份阳性，3份可疑，阳性率为8％，可疑率为6％；微生物法检测出青霉素类残留阳性5份，阳性率为10％；酶标免疫分析法检测出四环素类阳性4份，阳性率为8％，链霉素残留阳性11份，阳性率为22％，磺胺二甲嘧啶检测结果全部为阴性。调查结果显示，市售消毒纯牛奶中有部分存在抗菌药物残留。     

Effect of added cassava root meal,ZnO and their interaction on the production and quality of eggs from laying hens

Two hundred and sixteen (108 Hisex Brown; 108 Warren Studler) laying hens were given one of 12 dietary treatments. These were four basic diets with 0, 200, 400 and 600 g added cassava kg^?1 and each basic diet was further subdivided and ZnO added to provide 100 and 200 mg Zn kg^?1. None of the production traits measured was significantly affected by either added cassava or ZnO but there was a quadratic response in food intake to added cassava. ZnO addition significantly improved egg quality (assessed by Haugh score) but did not affect shell thickness. Haugh score was significantly affected by added cassava, the responses being significant after 2 weeks storage. The interaction between Zn level and cassava level significantly affected egg quality.     

2018年全国食品安全监督抽检情况分析及监管建议

目的 分析2018年全国食品安全总体情况。方法 汇总国家食品安全监督抽检结果, 按照不同维度进行分析。结果 2018年国家食品安全监督抽检结果累计公布样品32461批次, 其中合格样品31898批次, 合格率为98.27%; 不合格样品563批次, 约占1.73%。抽检发现的主要问题有违规使用农药兽药、微生物污染、质量指标不合格、食品添加剂使用不规范等。结论 2018年我国食品安全质量形势良好, 但仍存在食用农产品违规使用农药兽药、特殊膳食食品质量指标不合格、方便食品和肉制品微生物超标等食品安全风险, 监管部门、检验机构、生产经营企业应各尽其责、合力共治。     

Extent of hydrolysis in the intestinal tract and potential absorption of intact glucosinolates in laying hens

Balance studies were conducted with intact and caecectomised hens to assess the influence of the caeca on the recovery of intact glucosinolates (IG) in excreta. The hydrolysis of IG in in vitro incubations with gastrointestinal tract contents and with excreta from intact and caecectomised hens was measured to aid in the interpretation of the IG balance data. Decomposition of IG in excreta was shown to result in low recovery of IG in balance trials involving long (22–24 h) collection periods for excreta; however, balance trials with caecectomised hens and in which excreta was collected within 2 h showed high recovery. In vitro incubation studies confirmed the caeca as the major source of the IG hydrolytic activity. Free thiocyanate ion concentration of excreta of intact hens markedly exceeded that of the diet, but hydrolysis of glucosinalbin did not appear to be the major source of the thiocyanate ion.     

Transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various herbs to eggs and meat in laying hens

To investigate the potential transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), laying hens were fed for 14 days with diets containing 0.5% of dried common ragwort, common groundsel, narrow-leaved ragwort or viper’s bugloss, or 0.1% of common heliotrope. This resulted in total PA levels in feed of respectively 5.5, 11.1, 53.1, 5.9 and 21.7 mg kg^–1, with varying composition. PAs were transferred to eggs, in particular yolk, with steady-state levels of respectively 12, 21, 216, 2 and 36 µg kg^–1. Overall transfer rates for the sum of PAs were estimated between 0.02% and 0.23%, depending on the type of PAs in the feed. In animals slaughtered shortly after the last exposure, levels in meat were slightly lower than those in eggs, levels in livers somewhat higher. When switched to clean feed, levels in eggs gradually decreased, but after 14 days were still above detection limits in the hens exposed to higher PA levels. Similar was the case for meat and especially kidneys and livers. It is concluded that the intake of PA containing herbs by laying hens may result in levels in eggs and meat that could be of concern for consumers, and as such should be avoided.     

一种富含红曲色素微生物发酵饲料 在蛋鸡养殖中的应用

选取健康32周龄海兰褐蛋鸡288只,随机分成3组,试验组分别添加0.5%和1.0%的富含红曲色素微生物发酵饲料,考察其对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%富含红曲色素的微生物发酵饲料试验组与对照组相比,产蛋率提高了5.82%,破蛋率和料蛋比分别降低了12.36%和3.57%;而在蛋品质上,与对照组相比,平均蛋重和平均蛋黄质量分别提高了3.57%和1.38%,蛋黄中的胆固醇含量降低了5.17%;同时能显著加深蛋黄的红色度和黄色度。     

基于LabVIEW平台的蛋鸡栖架分布监测系统设计与实现

蛋鸡栖架系统是一种用于提高蛋鸡福利水平的新型立体散养系统,其中系统中栖架设置的位置、数量及栖杆尺寸是否符合蛋鸡需求,仍需要进一步观察。研究中发现,目前还没有好的实时统计栖杆上蛋鸡数量的方法,而常用的人工统计不仅效率低,而且易造成蛋鸡应激。为此,该文基于实时采集蛋鸡在饲养过程中上栖架的频次、所处位置等数据的需求,利用LabVIEW平台开发了一套蛋鸡栖架分布实时监测系统。针对该系统平台结构设计、系统校准原理与方法、栖杆分布数据采集与分析等问题进行了相关研究。结果表明:系统运行稳定,系统提供的蛋鸡分布数据与人工识别现场蛋鸡分布的数据相比,平均准确率为99%,可为新型栖架离地立体散养系统设计中的蛋鸡栖架布置形式、栖架优化等提供数据支持。     

对我国当前食品药品监管体制改革的思考

食品药品安全事关人民群众的身体健康,事关国家改革发展大计,它是一个经济问题,也是一个政治问题,更是广大人民群众最重要、最直接、最现实的民生问题。我国目前正在积极推进食品药品监管机构改革,然而各地改革进展不一,模式多样。在食药改革大背景下,如何能够有效整合各方监管资源、统一监管职能,更好地发挥食品药品监管效力,保障人民的食品药品安全,是当前应该思考的重要问题。     

Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil

Hempseed (HS) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with approximately 17% of total fatty acids as alpha-linolenic acid. As such, HS and its oil may be used in hen diet formulations to produce eggs enriched in essential fatty acids. Because omega-3 eggs have the potential for unpleasant aromas and flavors, the current study was designed to assess the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of eggs procured from hens consuming diets containing hempseed oil (HO) or HS. A total of 48 individually caged White Bovan hens received 1 of 6 diets containing 4%, 8%, 12% HO, 10%, 20% HS or 0% hemp (w/w) for 12 wk. Total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the 12% HO group (15.3 mg/g of yolk) compared to the control (2.4 mg/g of yolk). Trained panellists (n= 8) found no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from different dietary treatments, with the exception of sweet flavor. The 4% HO group yielded the least sweet eggs compared to the 20% HS group, which was highest. For yolk color, L*, a*, and b* values (Mean ± SEM) for control eggs were 61.2 ± 0.10, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 43.0 ± 0.22, respectively. Addition of hemp led to significant (P < 0.001) reductions in L*, and significant increases in a* and b*, with the largest changes observed in the 20% HS treatment (L*= 58.7 ± 0.10; a*= 5.8 ± 0.05; b*= 60.5 ± 0.22). The results show that hemp use in hen diets leads to increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but does not have adverse effects on the sensory profiles of the cooked eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides evidence that HS and hempseed oil (HO) can safely be utilized as feed ingredients for laying hens to produce table eggs that are enriched in essential fatty acids. Additionally, the eggs procured from these hens had similar aroma and flavor compared to eggs from hens not fed any hemp. The greater the dietary hemp inclusion, the more pigmented the resulting yolks became in terms of darkness, redness, and yellowness.