壳牌粉煤气化炉渣屏结渣原因探讨

介绍SCGP气化炉渣屏结构和功能。描述了渣屏结渣问题,从渣屏结构、热传递和煤质等方面分析渣屏结渣的机理,讨论了防止渣屏结渣的措施。     

高效集成焦油渣排渣技术

通过在焦油渣排渣管下方加装密闭式刮板机,将焦油渣刮至密闭式焦油渣料仓、机械化刮渣槽顶部放散管、焦油渣料仓装放散管汇总至鼓冷VOCS尾气引风机进口管,利用负压吸引将排渣尾气吸收至VOCs进行处理,提高了焦油渣排渣自动化、高效集成水平,实现了排渣尾气零排放。     

电石渣的综合利用及资源化探讨

工业废弃的电石渣堆放不仅占用土地资源,还对附近土壤和水体造成污染,因此如何将电石渣转化为可用的资源是急需解决的问题。本文介绍了目前国内外对电石渣的综合利用情况,这些方法虽然可将部分电石渣进行有效利用,但还不能从根本上解决电石渣的处置问题。通过对电石渣现状的调查研究,提出使电石渣就地转化,将电石渣转化为无机化工原料,才是彻底解决电石渣污染环境,实现电石渣资源化的途径。     

石油焦气化固态产物形成机理及对生产的影响

"粗渣"在气化反应以及灰分的双重影响下,其外观较煤气化装置所产生的"粗渣"有着较为明显的差别;"细渣"较煤气化装置的细渣粒径更细.针对石油焦气化装置产生"粗渣"和"细渣"与煤气化装置产生"粗渣"和"细渣"的问题,进步一探讨"粗渣"和"细渣"形成机理,对如何及时应对灰水水质的变化有着尤为重要的指导意义.     

改性磷渣对硅酸盐水泥性能的影响

研究了电石渣掺量,磷渣与电石渣的不同混合粉磨方式以及改性后磷渣掺量对硅酸盐水泥凝结时间和强度的影响.结果表明:改性磷渣等量取代水泥后,凝结时间随磷渣掺量的增加而增加;在相同磷渣掺量下,凝结时间随电石 ,渣掺量增加而减小.对于改性磷渣不同的混合粉磨方式,分别粉磨后在水中浸泡12h后效果最好,当磷渣掺量为30%,电石渣掺量为磷渣的40%时,初凝时间为143min,终凝为232min,略低于纯水泥的凝结时间.     

FeO-SiO2-MnO(-TiO2)渣系与铁液间钒的分配行为及影响因素

实验研究了V在FeO-SiO2-MnO(-TiO2)渣系与铁液间的分配行为,以及温度、渣成分、渣铁比、铁水初始[Si]、[Ti]含量的影响趋势. 结果表明,在FeO-SiO2-MnO渣系中,铁水中V的入渣率、V在渣-金两相的分配比以及渣的钒容量均随温度升高而降低,而铁水中C的氧化损失随温度升高而增加;渣铁比较低的情况下,V的入渣率明显降低,但两种渣铁比的情况下,V的最大入渣率均落在MnO含量13%~25%,SiO2含量12%~24%的成分范围内. 在FeO-SiO2-MnO-TiO2渣系中,随渣中TiO2含量增加,铁水中V的入渣率、V在渣-金两相的分配比以及渣的钒容量随之降低,V2O3在渣中的活度系数随TiO2含量升高而升高. 实验条件下,各因素对铁水中V的入渣率的影响程度按以下顺序依次降低：终渣成分>温度>铁水初始[Si]、[Ti]等元素含量.     

660 MW超超临界CFB锅炉冷渣器选型技术经济性研究

为比较不同型式的冷渣器对660 MW超超临界CFB锅炉机组能耗的影响,通过分析使用风水联合冷渣器及滚筒冷渣器时锅炉效率、厂用电率的变化,计算超超临界CFB机组使用不同冷渣器时供电煤耗的大小。提出冷渣器选型方案,对不同方案进行经济性比较。研究表明,底渣量和标煤单价对冷渣器选型有重要影响,标煤单价高、底渣量大的项目,宜选用风水联合冷渣器,技术经济性好。为了兼顾冷渣器的技术经济性和运行可靠性,可采用风水冷渣器与滚筒冷渣器搭配使用的方案。研究内容可为燃用低热值煤的CFB锅炉冷渣机选型提供参考。     

水胶比、锂渣掺量和细度对混凝土抗压强度的影响研究

为了研究不同影响因素对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响,本文以水胶比、锂渣掺量和锂渣细度为考察因素,设计正交试验;通过极差和方差分析法分析各因素对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响大小,并进一步分析水胶比和锂渣掺量对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响规律.结果表明:水胶比是影响锂渣混凝土抗压强度的主要因素,其次是锂渣掺量,最次是锂渣细度;随着龄期的增长,锂渣掺量的影响逐渐显著,锂渣细度的影响逐渐消失.锂渣混凝土前期的抗压强度低于普通混凝土或与其相当,其28 d和60d抗压强度均大于普通混凝土.锂渣混凝土抗压强度随着锂渣掺量的增加而先增大后减小,锂渣的最佳掺量为20％.当水胶比分别为0.466、0.404(0.466)和0.530时,锂渣掺量为10％、20％和30％的混凝土抗压强度增长率为最大.     

碎煤加压气化渣锁阀问题分析及技术改进的探索

渣锁是气化炉实现集渣和排渣的主要设备，其上部与下部分别设置有上、下渣锁阀，用于隔绝渣锁与气化炉、渣池的目的。针对碎煤加压气化渣锁阀易泄漏、维修困难、动作慢等问题进行分析，并试探性提出了针对现存问题的改进技术。     

电石渣特性对新型干法水泥工艺的影响

利用电石渣生产水泥熟料已成为处理电石渣污染的重要方法,电石渣的原料特性对整个新型干法生产工艺系统的影响较大,包括电石渣输送、电石渣烘干、生料制备、烧成系统、水泥制成系统工艺控制等,因此新型干法电石渣生产水泥熟料的工艺必须与电石渣的特性相适应。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。