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The Rec10 protein, a component of the linear elements forming along sister chromatids in meiotic prophase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, plays an important role in the activation of Rec12 for double-strand break formation, and thus the initiation of recombination between homologous chromosomes. Recombination between homologous chromosomes was moderately reduced in homozygous crosses of the C-terminal truncation mutant rec10-155 and strongly in the full deletion allele rec10-175. Both alleles were also tested in two assays for intrachromosomal recombination (PS1 and VL1) and showed only slight reductions, while deletion of rec12 led to a 13-fold reduction. The even stronger reductions in rec10 rec12 double deletion crosses indicate partially redundant functions of Rec10 and Rec12 in the initiation of intrachromosomal recombination. A low level of double-strand breaks has been detected in rec10-175 meiosis at the mbs1 hotspot of recombination, and spore viability in the double mutant was also lower than in the single-deletion mutants. Low levels of apparent crossover and conversion between homologous chromosomes in the absence of Rec12 have been quantified using a newly developed assay. The results also indicate that the functions of Rec10 differ in several respects from those of its distant homologue Red1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including interactions with Hop1 and Mek1 for promotion of recombination between homologues at the expense of sister chromatid recombination. 相似文献
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Taku Katou Hiroshi Kitagaki Takeshi Akao Hitoshi Shimoi 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2008,25(11):799-807
Sake yeast exhibit various characteristics that make them more suitable for sake brewing compared to other yeast strains. Since sake yeast strains are Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterothallic diploid strains, it is likely that they have heterozygous alleles on homologous chromosomes (heterozygosity) due to spontaneous mutations. If this is the case, segregation of phenotypic traits in haploid strains after sporulation and concomitant meiosis of sake yeast strains would be expected to occur. To examine this hypothesis, we isolated 100 haploid strains from Kyokai No. 7 (K7), a typical sake yeast strain in Japan, and compared their brewing characteristics in small‐scale sake‐brewing tests. Analyses of the resultant sake samples showed a smooth and continuous distribution of analytical values for brewing characteristics, suggesting that K7 has multiple heterozygosities that affect brewing characteristics and that these heterozygous alleles do segregate after sporulation. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested that the analytical parameters could be classified into two groups, indicating fermentation ability and sake flavour. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The DNA nuclease activity encoded by the end1 gene, and its inactivation by mutation, was described in connection with the characterization of DNA topoisomerases in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Uemura and Yanagida, 1984). Subsequently, end1 mutant strains were used for the preparation of cell extracts for the study of enzymes and intermediates involved in DNA metabolism. The molecular identification of the end1 gene and its identity with the pnu1 gene is presented. The end1-458 mutation alters glycine to glutamate in the conserved motif TGPYLP. The pnu1 gene codes for an RNase that is induced by nitrogen starvation (Nakashima et al., 2002b). Thus, the End1/Pnu1 protein, like related mitochondrial proteins in other organisms, is an example of a sugar-non-specific nuclease. The analysis of strains carrying a pnu1 deletion revealed no defects in meiotic recombination and spore viability. 相似文献
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酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)二倍体细胞在缺乏氮源且存在非发酵型碳源时,营养细胞停止生长,进入产孢过程并通过减数分裂形成单倍体孢子。产孢过程并不存在于哺乳动物细胞中,但该过程中发生的很多细胞活动在真核细胞中存在保守性。作者建立了一个筛选特异性抑制酿酒酵母产孢的人类基因的方法。在酿酒酵母中表达单独的人类基因,筛选得到抑制产孢过程但对酿酒酵母营养细胞生长不产生影响的候选人类基因。获得的候选基因很大可能涉及营养敏感性、减数分裂以及膜运输重组这些产孢过程中发生的细胞活动。本研究对新功能人类基因的发现以及将酿酒酵母作为遗传研究工具有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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Alexander Lorenz 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2017,34(5):195-203
DNA helicases are ATP‐driven motor proteins which translocate along DNA capable of dismantling DNA‐DNA interactions and/or removing proteins bound to DNA. These biochemical capabilities make DNA helicases main regulators of crucial DNA metabolic processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and genetic recombination. This budding topic will focus on reviewing the function of DNA helicases important for homologous recombination during meiosis, and discuss recent advances in how these modulators of meiotic recombination are themselves regulated. The emphasis is placed on work in the two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has vastly expanded our understanding of meiotic homologous recombination, a process whose correct execution is instrumental for healthy gamete formation, and thus functioning sexual reproduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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神农架地区有着悠久的酿酒历史,酿酒酵母的生物多样性丰富。通过收集神农架及周边地区酿酒作坊的9种不同的酒曲,从中分离获得19株酵母菌,通过形态学观察,产子囊孢子情况及抗逆性能探究,并根据对其rDNA-ITS序列构建的系统发育树进行分析。结果表明,此19株驯养酵母菌可归为5个属,分别为Wickerhamomyces sp.,Pichia sp.,Saccharomyces sp.,Saccharomycopsis sp.和Candida sp.。从酒曲中分离出来的Wickerhamomyces sp.有8株,占菌种总数的42.1%,Saccharomyces sp.有6株,占总数的31.6%,均为优势菌株。 相似文献
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葡萄野生酵母是酿造优质葡萄酒的重要菌种来源,为发现有价值的野生葡萄酵母,本研究以夏黑葡萄为研究对象,采用平板划线分离的方法得到3株葡萄野生酵母YYMPT-1、YYMPT-2和YYMPT-3,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行形态观察,PCR扩增26S核糖体DNA的D1/D2区（26S r DNA D1/D2）、核糖体内转录间隔区（ITS1-5.8SITS2）和肌动蛋白基因（Actin gene）区域,并构建系统发育树,将3株酵母菌分别鉴定为有孢汉逊酵母（Hanseniaspora uvarum）、近玫色锁掷酵母（Sporidiobolus pararoseus）和假丝酵母（Candida zemplinina）。本研究结果为优质葡萄酒酿造和改善葡萄酒风味提供了3株具有潜在工业化应用价值的资源菌。 相似文献
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Yanjie Liu N. Ezgi Wood Ashley J. Marchand Orlando Arguello-Miranda Andreas Doncic 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2020,37(3):269-279
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions of nutrient stress, meiosis precedes the formation of spores. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate meiosis, such as meiotic recombination and nuclear divisions, have been extensively studied, the metabolic factors that determine the efficiency of sporulation are less understood. Here, we have directly assessed the relationship between metabolic stores and sporulation in S. cerevisiae by genetically disrupting the synthetic pathways for the carbohydrate stores, glycogen (gsy1/2Δ cells), trehalose (tps1Δ cells), or both (gsy1/2Δ and tps1Δ cells). We show that storage carbohydrate-deficient strains are highly inefficient in sporulation. Although glycogen and trehalose stores can partially compensate for each other, they have differential effects on sporulation rate and spore number. Interestingly, deletion of the G1 cyclin, CLN3, which resulted in an increase in cell size, mitochondria and lipid stores, partially rescued meiosis progression and spore ascus formation but not spore number in storage carbohydrate-deficient strains. Sporulation efficiency in the carbohydrate-deficient strain exhibited a greater dependency on mitochondrial activity and lipid stores than wild-type yeast. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the complex crosstalk between metabolic factors that support gametogenesis. 相似文献
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Xavier Raffoux Mickael Bourge Fabrice Dumas Olivier C. Martin Matthieu Falque 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2018,35(6):431-442
Allelic recombination owing to meiotic crossovers is a major driver of genome evolution, as well as a key player for the selection of high‐performing genotypes in economically important species. Therefore, we developed a high‐throughput and low‐cost method to measure recombination rates and crossover patterning (including interference) in large populations of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombination and interference were analysed by flow cytometry, which allows time‐consuming steps such as tetrad microdissection or spore growth to be avoided. Moreover, our method can also be used to compare recombination in wild‐type vs. mutant individuals or in different environmental conditions, even if the changes in recombination rates are small. Furthermore, meiotic mutants often present recombination and/or pairing defects affecting spore viability but our method does not involve growth steps and thus avoids filtering out non‐viable spores. 相似文献
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在微生物发酵合成天冬氨酸族氨基酸的代谢途径中,天冬氨酸激酶（aspartokinase,AK）是限制碳源和氮源流速的限速酶,是决定能否获得高产天冬氨酸族氨基酸的关键之一。本文介绍了AK的重要性、不同来源AK的整体结构、效应结合位点的特点和调控机制研究进展,并对AK代谢调控的发展做出展望,为进一步明确AK代谢调控机制,促进天冬氨酸族氨基酸产业化发展提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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In this work, we developed molecular tools used in standard laboratory yeast strains, such as the cre–loxP system, so that they can be used with natural and industrial prototrophic yeast species. We constructed a new generation of dominant cassettes, with mutated loxP sites (loxLE and lox2272) and selectable drug markers, to create heterothallic strains and auxotrophic mutants without incurring in the risk of generating chromosomal rearrangements. We have shown that our newly developed loxLE–hphNT1–loxRE and lox2272–natNT2–lox2272 gene‐disruption cassettes can be present in the yeast genome together with the widely used loxP–marker gene–loxP cassettes without any recombination between the lox sequences. Moreover, we also developed a new phleomycin‐resistant Cre‐expressing vector (to excise multiple markers simultaneously) and two new standard loxP deletion cassettes containing hygromicin B and cloNAT as selecatable markers. To validate these cassettes, we created heterothallic auxotrophic S. cerevisiae strains, without the risk of incurring gross chromosomal rearrangements, and we showed an example of a fitness study of intraspecific hybrids deriving from parents with different adaptations to carbon‐limited resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Architectural features of pre-mRNA introns in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The architectural features of 73 introns found in 36 genes of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have been compiled and tabulated. The introns from S. pombe can be grouped into two size classes. Intron features are discussed in comparison to intron features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotes. The results indicate that S. pombe displays quite different architectural features than the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. However, particularly in the 3' region, S. pombe introns also appear to differ from mammalian introns. 相似文献
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Ito T Fujimura S Uchino M Tanaka N Matsufuji Y Miyaji T Takano K Nakagawa T Tomizuka N 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2007,24(6):523-532
In this study, we attempted to classify the methylotrophic yeasts based on diversities of alcohol oxidase (AOD), i.e. zymogram patterns and partial amino acid sequences. According to zymogram patterns for AOD, members of the methylotrophic yeasts separate into two major lineages, one group involving strains having a single AOD and the other group, including Pichia methanolica, Candida pignaliae and C. sonorensis, showing nine AOD isozymes. Based on partial amino acid sequences of AOD, the methylotrophic yeasts could be divided into five groups, and this classification agrees mostly with grouping based on 26S domain D1/D2 rDNA nucleotide sequences, except for some strains. Moreover, the strains having AOD isozymes constitute one group with P. trehalophila, P. glucozyma and Pichia sp. strain BZ159, although these strains are divided into two types, based on amino acid sequences of second AODs. On the other hand, these AOD isozymes consist of two subunits; the first subunits are induced not only by methanol but also by glycerol and pectin, although the second subunits are mainly induced by methanol. These data indicate that AOD isozymes and second AOD genes distribute widely in several methylotrophic yeasts in the natural environment, and second AOD genes may have evolved as methylotrophic genes that can adapt to the environmental conditions of higher methanol concentrations. 相似文献
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Bernard Dujon 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2020,37(2):191-205
Mitochondrial genetics started decades ago with the discovery of yeast mutants that ignored the Mendelian rules of inheritance. Today, the many known DNA sequences of this second eukaryotic genome illustrate its eccentricity in terms of informational content and functional organisation, suggesting a yet incomplete understanding of its evolution. The hereditary transmission of mitochondrial alleles relies on complex mixes of molecular and cellular mechanisms in which recombination and limited sampling, two sources of rapid genetic changes, play central roles. It is also under the influence of invasive genetic elements whose inconstant distribution in mitochondrial genomes suggests rapid turnovers in evolving populations. This susceptibility to changes contrasts with the development of specific functional interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic compartments, a trend that is prone to limit the genetic exchanges between distinct lineages. It is perhaps this opposition and the discordant inheritance between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that best explain the maintenance of a second genome and a second independent protein synthesising machinery in eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
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We have studied the phenomenon of infertility of yeast hybrids obtained with physiological conditions under the control of compatible mating systems. The yeasts investigated are three Saccharomyces species: S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and a new species, S. douglasii. The diploid hybrids from crosses between these species sporulate well but are essentially infertile. The rare viable spores, one per 104 to 105 asci, that have been examined carry a complete genome comprised of chromosomes contributed by both parents but invariably have extra chromosomes, i.e. they are generally disomic for at least two or three chromosomes. This observation is consistent with a failure, in meiosis I, of the pairing and disjunction of homologous chromosomes which in most cases results in spores with an incomplete set of chromosomes. This apparent lack of pairing of ‘homeologous’ chromosomes in meiosis I was analysed in most detail with S. cerevisiae/S. douglasii hybrids. As a genetic tool we studied frequencies of recombination, taking advantage of an S. douglasii breeding stock of some 50 identified mutations in non-switching haploids. Recombination, although markedly reduced, could be observed at both the chromosomal and allelic levels, implying a sporadic pairing in meiosis to allow genetic exchange. Meiotic recombination frequencies were studied for 14 gene pairs and generally found to be reduced ten-fold. Heteroallelic recombination (gene conversion) frequencies were measured at 22 loci and were judged to be reduced at least two- to 100-fold. DNA hybridization experiments with S. cerevisiae gene probes gave results consistent with low DNA sequence homologies between S. cerevisiae and S. douglasii. Moreover, by chance, our experiments disclosed another Saccharomyces strain (CBS2908, originally classified as S. cerevisiae) with hybridization patterns identical to S. douglasii except for the hybridization with the Ty transposon probes. Crosses between CBS2908 and S. douglasii yielded diploid hybrids with 80–90% spore viability, thus establishing a second member of the S. douglasii species. 相似文献