基于自编码器的飞机类型识别方法

针对人工监听识别飞机类型难度大的问题,提出了根据不同飞机发动机产生的不同噪声,通过特征提取,进而分类识别出飞机类型的一种方法。在梅尔倒谱系数(MFCC)算法特征提取的基础上,对提取的24维特征向量通过自编码器进行分类,对分类的准确率进行了仿真。实验结果表明,每一类声信号准确率均高于85%,且平均识别准确率为95.98%。针对单类别实际飞机声信号的分类准确率较其他类别准确率差的问题,提出了通过小波包分解-MFCC联合特征提取对自编码器进行优化。实验结果表明,每一类声信号准确率均高于90%,且平均准确率为97.74%。     

基于动态自适应阈值法的QRS波群检测方法

心电（ECG）信号的检测和分析,是临床了解心功能、辅助诊断心血管疾病和评估其他治疗效果的重要手段。本文对心电信号各种检测方法的优劣进行了分析,提出了ECG检测的核心是QRS波群的检测,结合实际应用,采用动态自适应阈值法来检测QRS波群。通过计算机仿真,说明动态自适应阈值法对QRS波的检测和识别是切实可行的。     

一种心电信号QRS复杂形态自动分析算法

QRS形态分析是心电信号自动分析中的关键步骤之一.现有QRS形态分析算法大多是基于时频变换分析或基于基元线段句法识别的.其中,基于时频变换分析的方法难以处理复杂波形和异常波形;而基于基元线段句法识别的算法则易丢失波形细节.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于QRS波群关键点和有限自动机的QRS形态分析算法.首先,采用二次多项式曲线对输入的心电信号进行分段最小二乘法逼近.然后,通过分析各段曲线的单调性、陡峭程度以及曲线方向等特征,实现QRS波群中峰点、谷点、边界点等关键点的检测,同时提取各关键点的幅度和时间信息,并判断出关键点的类型.最后,构造了一个有限自动机,以带属性的QRS波群关键点序列作为输入,实现了QRS形态的识别.经MIT-BIH心律失常数据库验证,本文算法可处理含有任意多个子波的QRS波群,正确识别出其各种复杂形态,准确分析出如切迹、顿挫等形态细节.     

基于PCANet的脉搏信号亚健康检测

目前亚健康状态识别中脉搏信号特征提取困难, 且多依赖于手工提取特征而影响识 别率。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于主成分分析网络(Principal Component A nalysis Network,PCANet)的脉搏信号亚健康检测新方法。首先对预处理的脉搏信号进行特征提取; 其次 将这些特征进行哈希编码,直方图分块,作为特征描述;然后使用分类器将健康和亚健康的 两类 脉搏信号进行分类识别,并与传统特征提取方法的分类效果进行比较。实验结果表明本文方 法对 亚健康状态识别达到了较高的准确率,相比传统的特征提取方法,PCANet方法在识别率上提 高 了10%以上,因此,本文所提出的方法能够有效地区分健康与亚健康 状态,为亚健康状态的 检测提供了一种新的参考依据。     

基于改进小波分析的电弧故障高频信号识别

电力故障监测范围较广,电弧故障高频信号识别准确率不高,因此引入改进小波分析技术,设计电弧故障高频信号识别方法。按照故障类型将电弧故障分为串行电弧、并行电弧、接地电弧。检验电弧高频信号的正则性,确定平方函数的连续小波变换结果,通过离散化处理分析故障特征。根据特征提取结果利用小波模极大值理论完成信号降噪处理,采用分级保留识别故障波形,通过电路信号分析实现故障高频信号识别。实验结果表明,该方法对时刻突变点故障识别准确率高达99.99%,对连续间断点故障识别准确率高达99.2%,故障信号识别效果好。     

基于EWT和结构特征提取的心电信号R波识别算法

R波作为心电信号中最明显的特征,常作为确定心电信号其他波段的重要依据.针对现有算法识别率低的问题,提出一种基于经验小波变换和信号结构特征的R波识别算法.首先利用经验小波变换对心电信号频谱进行自适应分割,在分割区间上构造合适的小波滤波器组提取出具有紧支撑的模态分量,然后对提取出的各模态分量进行频谱分析,找出R波对应的高频分量并对其进行结构分析,从而实现R波的准确定位.仿真结果表明,所提算法对心电信号R波识别的灵敏度达到99.93％,准确率达到了99.92％,阳性准确率达到99.99％,并且算法耗时仅0.68s,对R波具有很好的识别效果.     

基于遗传算法的J波识别优化算法

J波是心电信号的异常变异,具有不易察觉的特点,在J波的识别中特征数量对于识别准确率具有很大的影响,结合遗传算法对用于J波识别所提取的特征进行优化处理,设计的J波分类模型能够有效地提高分类识别准确率,同时可以减少识别时间.利用MATLAB进行仿真验证,结果显示,设计的J波识别系统能够达到96.8％的准确率与2.3s的识别时间,能够有效地辅助医生进行J波诊断.     

一种基于脉冲样本图和模糊理论的雷达辐射源识别

在现代信号密集环境中,传统的雷达信号特征描述方式很难对复杂体制雷达辐射源进行描述和识别.因此提出了一种基于脉冲样本图和模糊理论的雷达辐射源识别算法,运用格贴近度的模糊识别算法进行雷达辐射源识别.该方法省略了特征提取过程,简化了处理环节,仿真结果表明,这种方法具有很高的识别准确率.     

基于小波变换和多模板匹配的室性早搏识别

本文提出一种基于小波变换和多模板匹配的室性早搏识别算法,该方法根据提取到的QRS波形特征,分别对正常和PVC信号创建模板库。利用MIT-BIH心电数据库八组数据进行试验,准确率达到99.34%。     

基于生成对抗网络的动态心电信号QRS波检测

心电信号分析是预防心血管疾病的重要举措,QRS波的精确检测不仅是心电信号处理的关键步骤且对心率计算和异常情况分析具有重要作用.针对动态心电信号存在信号质量差或异常节奏波形导致常用QRS波检测方法精度较低的问题,本文提出了 一种基于生成对抗网络新型QRS波检测算法.该算法以Pix2Pix网络为基础,生成网络采用U-Net...     

基于小波和扩展卡尔曼的心电检测

文中将小波变换和扩展卡尔曼滤波器相结合,利用小波变换多尺度多分辨的特点,将心电信号进行分解。然后对心电信号在各尺度上进行扩展卡尔曼滤波。最后在扩展卡尔曼滤波的输出结果上进行QRS波形检测。文中方法经MIT-BIH心电数据库检验,QRS波Se（探测灵敏度）在99.40%以上,同时,QRS＋P（正探测率）在99.39%以上,提高了心电信号检测的正确率。     

Using wavelet transform and fuzzy neural network for VPC detection from the Holter ECG

A novel method for detecting ventricular premature contraction (VPC) from the Holter system is proposed using wavelet transform (WT) and fuzzy neural network (FNN). The basic ideal and major advantage of this method is to reuse information that is used during QRS detection, a necessary step for most ECG classification algorithm, for VPC detection. To reduce the influence of different artifacts, the filter bank property of quadratic spline WT is explored. The QRS duration in scale three and the area under the QRS complex in scale four are selected as the characteristic features. It is found that the R wave amplitude has a marked influence on the computation of proposed characteristic features. Thus, it is necessary to normalize these features. This normalization process can reduce the effect of alternating R wave amplitude and achieve reliable VPC detection. After normalization and excluding the left bundle branch block beats, the accuracies for VPC classification using FNN is 99.79%. Features that are extracted using quadratic spline wavelet were used successfully by previous investigators for QRS detection. In this study, using the same wavelet, it is demonstrated that the proposed feature extraction method from different WT scales can effectively eliminate the influence of high and low-frequency noise and achieve reliable VPC classification. The two primary advantages of using same wavelet for QRS detection and VPC classification are less computation and less complexity during actual implementation.     

QRS feature extraction using linear prediction

This communication proposes a method called linear prediction (a high performant technique in digital speech processing) for analyzing digital ECG signals. There are several significant properties indicating that ECG signals have an important feature in the residual error signal obtained after processing by Durbin's linear prediction algorithm. This communication also indicates that the prediction order need not be more than two for fast arrhythmia detection. The ECG signal classification puts an emphasis on the residual error signal. For each ECG's QRS complex, the feature for recognition is obtained from a nonlinear transformation which transforms every residual error signal to a set of three states pulse-code train relative to the original ECG signal. The pulse-code train has the advantage of easy implementation in digital hardware circuits to achieve automated ECG diagnosis. The algorithm performs very well in feature extraction in arrhythmia detection. Using this method, our studies indicate that the PVC (premature ventricular contraction) detection has at least a 92 percent sensitivity for MIT/BIH arrhythmia database.     

Detection of ECG characteristic points using wavelet transforms

An algorithm based on wavelet transforms (WT's) has been developed for detecting ECG characteristic points. With the multiscale feature of WT's, the QRS complex can be distinguished from high P or T waves, noise, baseline drift, and artifacts. The relation between the characteristic points of ECG signal and those of modulus maximum pairs of its WT's is illustrated. By using this method, the detection rate of QRS complexes is above 99.8% for the MIT/BIH database and the P and T waves can also be detected, even with serious base line drift and noise     

基于小波变换的自适应QRS-T对消P波检测算法

该文提出一种基于小波变换的自适应QRS-T对消P波检测算法。首先采用二进Marr小波的Mallat算法对心电信号作多尺度分解,在每个尺度下只保留超过一定阈值的小波模极大值点,其它点置零处理。在小波分解的3,4尺度下检测QRS波群,并根据心拍节律信息和QT间期,将QRS-T波群所对应的小波模极大值点进行自适应对消,最后对包含P波的剩余信号进行非线性放大,利用小波模极大值的自适应阈值检测方法定位P波。该方法经MIT-BIH心电数据库数据验证,取得了满意的结果。     

Analysis of first-derivative based QRS detection algorithms.

Accurate QRS detection is an important first step for the analysis of heart rate variability. Algorithms based on the differentiated ECG are computationally efficient and hence ideal for real-time analysis of large datasets. Here, we analyze traditional first-derivative based squaring function (Hamilton-Tompkins) and Hilbert transform-based methods for QRS detection and their modifications with improved detection thresholds. On a standard ECG dataset, the Hamilton-Tompkins algorithm had the highest detection accuracy (99.68% sensitivity, 99.63% positive predictivity) but also the largest time error. The modified Hamilton-Tompkins algorithm as well as the Hilbert transform-based algorithms had comparable, though slightly lower, accuracy; yet these automated algorithms present an advantage for real-time applications by avoiding human intervention in threshold determination. The high accuracy of the Hilbert transform-based method compared to detection with the second derivative of the ECG is ascribable to its inherently uniform magnitude spectrum. For all algorithms, detection errors occurred mainly in beats with decreased signal slope, such as wide arrhythmic beats or attenuated beats. For best performance, a combination of the squaring function and Hilbert transform-based algorithms can be applied such that differences in detection will point to abnormalities in the signal that can be further analyzed.     

光纤光栅脉搏波分析处理及特征提取

本文提出了一种利用光纤光栅（Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG）检测脉搏波的信号处理及特征提取算法。将光纤光栅采集脉搏波与光电容积（Photoplethysmography, PPG）脉搏波进行对比,分析出光纤光栅脉搏波的特点。提出了小波阈值消噪与改进的数学形态学滤波相结合的光纤光栅脉搏波消噪算法,并根据脉搏周期对形态学结构元素长度进行自适应选择,从而改善了去除基线漂移的效果。研究了脉搏特征提取方法,提高了脉搏波峰值点和起点检测的准确性。实验结果表明,经消噪处理后,输出脉搏波的信噪比是输入脉搏波信噪比的2倍,脉搏波峰值点和起点提取准确率分别达到了97.2%和97.6%。该算法结构简单,易于实现,对光纤光栅脉搏波检测智能服装的研发和脉搏特征的有效提取具有重要的意义。      

Wavelet packets feasibility study for the design of an ECG compressor

Most of the recent electrocardiogram (ECG) compression approaches developed with the wavelet transform are implemented using the discrete wavelet transform. Conversely, wavelet packets (WP) are not extensively used, although they are an adaptive decomposition for representing signals. In this paper, we present a thresholding-based method to encode ECG signals using WP. The design of the compressor has been carried out according to two main goals: (1) The scheme should be simple to allow real-time implementation; (2) quality, i.e., the reconstructed signal should be as similar as possible to the original signal. The proposed scheme is versatile as far as neither QRS detection nor a priori signal information is required. As such, it can thus be applied to any ECG. Results show that WP perform efficiently and can now be considered as an alternative in ECG compression applications.     

小波变换在心电信号处理中的应用

在心脏病诊断过程中,心电信号的检测是重要的环节,然而心电信号的噪声很强,为了能够较好地滤除信号中的噪声,对信号的特点进行准确标定,利用基于小波变换的阈值去噪算法和基于小波的模极大值-极小值的算法进行心电信号的处理.采用MIT/BIH中的数据进行仿真调试验证,实验结果表明,被引入的几种噪声能被很好地去除,而且心电信号能较完整地保留下来,特征点能被准确地检测到,从而提高了诊断心脏等疾病的诊断效率.