用于超声电火花复合加工的压电振子优化设计与实验

提出一种用于超声电火花复合加工的压电振子,并对该振子进行研究.使用有限元分析方法对该压电振子进行计算,通过对压电振子的结构参数动态优化,使其具有合适的纵振模态和频率、驱动端具有较大振幅、陶瓷片和安装盘位于合适位置,从而满足超声电火花复合加工要求.最后进行压电振子动态特性实验,分析结果与实验结果基本符合.     

超大深径比深小孔的工艺方法和电极研制

深径比超过1000的深小孔加工是世界难题,尤其是直径小于3mm的深小孔。在分析普通电火花深孔加工和专业电火花深小孔加工机床对超大深径比小孔加工仍存在排残屑、散热、稳定性差和导向困难等基础上,为克服上述问题而发明了一种其导向、稳定性与加工深度无关的自导向、自稳定的特殊电极,并给出了可靠的工艺实施方案方法,独特的工件倒置安装方式,表述了加工规律和试验结果。     

微细深孔超声轴向振动钻削装置的设计

超声振动钻削属于脉冲式的断续切削。在深孔加工方面具有普通孔加工技术无法比拟的工艺效果。文章介绍了作者基于高频振动切削原理设计的一台超声轴向振动钻削装置的结构。并将该装置用于立式加工中心上对铝、铜等材料进行了切削加工实验。实验结果表明，超声振动加工可提高微细深孔的加工精度和表面质量。这种方法特别适合于软质材料的微细深孔的精密和超精密加工。     

钛合金深小孔超声电火花加工工艺与实验研究

针对钛合金深小孔加工的技术难点,研制了具有四轴联动功能的微细超声电火花加工机床,在所研制的机床上,进行了钛合金深小孔超声电火花复合加工实验,就超声振动及削边电极在加工中的作用进行了系统和研究。     

普通麻花钻加工小直径深孔

普通麻花钻本身的结构存在许多不合理之处,阻碍了其切削性能的进一步提高,一般情况下,麻花钻只用于在易加工材料上加工大直径深径比较小的孔,当用于加工小直径(直径4mm以下)较大深径比孔(深径比为10．20)时,存在许多困难,尤其对于那些难加工材料,如不锈钢(奥氏体300系列)。如果对普通麻花钻现有结构做些改进,改善其切削环境,可以加工出直线性好的孔。     

复合PAAS工作液与工件半浸液的深小孔电火花加工工艺

现有电火花小孔机床在加工大深径比小孔时存在加工稳定性差、小孔质量差、相对电极损耗率大等技术难点。深入分析D703F电火花小孔加工机床的原理及特点,实验证明使用一定浓度分散剂聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)作为工作液可大幅提高小孔加工速度、降低相对电极损耗,但随着加工小孔深径比变大,孔内加工环境变差、散热困难,PAAS工作液会产生碳化现象反而阻碍了正常加工。用PAAS工作液和工件半浸液复合的方法,使工件在加工时能良好散热,减缓PAAS工作液的碳化现象,正常发挥分散作用,从而达到高速加工大深径比小孔的目的。     

大深径比微小孔快速电火花加工系统研究

电火花加工因具有宏观作用力小、可控性好等优点,被广泛应用于微小孔加工领域,但对于快速加工大深径比微小孔仍存在散热困难、排屑不畅、电极损耗大及加工过程不易控制等技术难点。为此,在分析电火花加工机理及加工特点的基础上,研发了一台用于快速加工大深径比微小孔的电火花机床。该设备通过采用立式布局,应用电极旋转、工件振动的旋振式机构,实现在加工过程中快速散热和排屑;通过采取工业控制计算机搭载数据采集卡和运动控制器的方式,实现了加工过程的检测控制功能一体化。针对电火花加工过程中放电信号严重畸变以及放电状态不稳定导致加工状态难检测的问题,提出了两级模糊逐级映射放电状态检测方法,同时为了实现机床的快速响应和精确控制,设计了双闭环加工控制系统。实验表明,该机床适合于大深径比微小孔的快速加工,且性能稳定,可靠性高。     

纵扭超声振动电火花微小孔加工研究

针对传统电火花机床加工微小孔时效率较低、深径比较小等问题,提出了将纵扭超声振动与传统电火花加工技术相结合的微小孔加工方案,设计了纵扭超声振动系统,进行了无超声振动铜块微小孔极限深度加工、纵扭超声振动铜块和铝合金块微小孔极限深度加工实验。结果表明:纵扭超声振动的引入提高了微小孔加工的深径比,同时也提高了加工速度,减少毛刺的产生。     

微小深孔加工综述

微小深孔加工一直是制造业所关注的问题之一。传统加工方法中最为有效的是机械钻削加工,但随着材料科学的发展,微小深孔钻削过程中出现了瓶颈,如刀具难以冷却、排屑困难等问题,致使微小深孔加工的深径比小,加工质量差,在钻削过程中常出现断刀的现象,而对于一些难加工材料,采用传统刀具加工效率低或者根本无法加工。针对传统加工方法所存在的不足,开发了各类特种加工方法,如电火花加工、电解加工、超声加工、激光加工以及电子束加工等,对其加工原理、加工特点以及所存在的不足进行了综述,在此基础上,分析了各类复合加工技术的特点,在加工技术上取长补短,弥补各自所存在的不足。复合加工技术将在未来制造业中得到广泛应用。     

提高纯钨微小孔电火花加工深径比的方法

在航空、航天等一些尖端行业的核心零件中,微小孔的应用日趋广泛。电火花加工技术是微小孔加工的主要工艺之一,但对于大深径比微孔加工,现有的电火花加工工艺能力仍无法满足加工需求。针对纯钨材料微小孔电火花加工中的深径比难以提升的问题,分析了电蚀产物在孔底累积对放电过程造成的不利影响,找到了制约微孔电火花加工深径比提升的关键因素,即需有效排出孔底电蚀产物,确保放电过程处于"干净"环境。在此基础上,提出了在电火花加工中引入电化学作用,利用电化学作用产生的气泡驱动电蚀产物排出,确保大深径比孔底放电过程不受电蚀产物积聚的影响进而提高加工深径比的方法。通过实验对该方法的可行性和加工特征进行了验证,获得了直径约为0.2mm,深度48mm的加工结果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.